5种杂交F_1罗非鱼生长性能比较研究

对4种杂交F1尼奥罗非鱼(不同尼罗罗非鱼品系♀×奥利亚罗非鱼♂)尼奥Ⅰ、尼奥Ⅱ、尼奥Ⅲ、尼奥Ⅳ与莫荷鱼(莫桑比克罗非鱼♀×荷那龙罗非鱼♂)进行了生长对比试验。试验结果表明:①绝对增重率(g/d)为莫荷鱼>尼奥Ⅱ>尼奥Ⅲ>尼奥Ⅰ>尼奥Ⅳ(P<0.01);②五种杂交F1罗非鱼雄性率为莫荷鱼>尼奥Ⅲ>尼奥Ⅰ>尼奥Ⅱ>尼奥Ⅳ(P<0.05),成活率彼此间无差异(P>0.05);③肥满度(K)为莫荷鱼>尼奥Ⅰ>尼奥Ⅲ>尼奥Ⅱ>尼奥Ⅳ(P<0.01)。以上结果表明,莫荷鱼生长性能较好,具有推广的价值。     

荷那龙罗非鱼、橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼及其杂交F1呼吸耗氧率的初步研究

用呼吸室法对荷那龙罗非鱼、橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼及其杂交F1的呼吸耗氧率、窒息点进行了试验。试验结果表明:①水温为16~32℃时,平均体重为10.40~116.28 g的荷那龙罗非鱼的耗氧率在0.07~0.61 mg/g.h,平均体重为18.98~102.53 g的橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼的耗氧率范围是0.06~0.43 mg/g.h,平均体重2.24~133.82 g的杂交F1莫荷鱼的耗氧率范围是0.06~0.65 mg/g.h;3种试验鱼的耗氧率随着温度的升高而增加;耗氧率与鱼体规格呈负相关。②3种实验鱼的耗氧率均为白天高于夜间。③水温24℃时,3种试验鱼的溶氧临界窒息点分别是:荷那龙罗非鱼0.33~0.55 mg/L,橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼0.24~0.31mg/L,莫荷鱼为0.38~0.43 mg/L。     

莫荷罗非鱼幼鱼耐盐性能的初步研究

以橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼与荷那龙罗非鱼的杂交子代莫荷罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus♀×O.hornurum♂)为实验材料,通过急性耐盐实验和慢性耐盐驯化实验,对其幼鱼耐盐性进行了初步研究。结果表明:莫荷罗非鱼的96 h半致死盐度为(33.74±0.94)‰;在每天将盐度提高8‰的情况下,其半致死盐度为(112.93±4.87)‰,驯化致死盐度为128‰~136‰。实验表明,莫荷罗非鱼经过驯化可以耐受更高盐度的水环境,具有在海水中养殖的潜力。     

低温胁迫对马来西亚红罗非鱼血清生化指标的影响

在室内自然降温条件下,研究了马来西亚红罗非鱼（Oreochromis mossambicus×0．niloticus）致死低温,检测了在温室越冬温度（17．8℃）和低温胁迫下开始死亡时红罗非鱼血清的生化指标。结果表明,当水温降到8．6℃时,马来西亚红罗非鱼开始死亡,死亡低温范围为8．6—6．4℃,半致死低温为7．6℃;8．6℃时,红罗非鱼血清中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）FAJ）]~L酸激酶同工酶（CK—MB）5种酶的活性显著高于17．8℃时Op〈0．05）,肌酐（CREA）含量、I（＋浓度显著上升Ok0．05）,总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、球蛋白（GLO）,及Ca2‘含量小幅增加,而Na＋和cr含量均显著下降（P〈0．05）,胆固醇（CHOL）和甘油211（TG）含量略有降低。     

罗非鱼温和气单胞菌病的病原研究和药敏试验

从患病濒死尼罗罗非鱼肝脏分离到99-5-A和99-7-28菌株.经细菌学鉴定均为温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas sobria).用这2菌株对尼罗罗非鱼、 奥利亚罗非鱼及尼奥罗非鱼(尼罗罗非鱼♀×奥利亚罗非鱼♂)进行人工感染,均可使其致病.发病鱼症状与自然病鱼症状一致,呈出血性败血症.再分离菌株的各种特性与原分离菌株相同,确认这2菌株皆为温和气单胞菌.采用纸片扩散法,用35 种药物对上述2菌株进行药物抑菌试验,其中,丁胺卡那霉素、庆大霉素、多粘菌素、 妥布霉素、氟哌酸、氯霉素、氨曲南抑菌效果最佳;99-5-A菌株对呋喃妥因敏感,但 99-7-28菌株对其耐药;99-7-28对复方新诺明敏感,而99-5-A菌株对其则无反应.     

4种遗传型罗非鱼的耐盐慢性驯化表现

在实验室小水体中,对尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus,新吉富)、萨罗罗非鱼(Sarothrodon melanotheron)以及它们的杂交F1和F2("吉丽"罗非鱼)进行盐度梯度实验,观察其耐盐能力。采用4(遗传型)×4(水平或重复)随机区组设计。对照组全程维持淡水养殖;实验组起始盐度为0,盐度每天提高8直至实验鱼100%死亡。在水温保持(27.2±1.3)℃、正常投饵情况下,萨罗罗非鱼、尼罗罗非鱼、杂交F1及F2的50%死亡盐度平均值(MLS)分别为125.78±1.66、54.22±2.51、77.33±1.89和73.73±1.32;萨罗罗非鱼的累计存活率(CS)和MLS值均显著高于尼罗罗非鱼、杂交F1和F2(P<0.05);杂交F1和F2的CS值及MLS值均显著高于尼罗(P<0.05);F2和F1之间CS值和MLS值差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

不同品系尼罗罗非鱼致死低温的研究

在室内自然降温条件下，研究了三个品系尼罗罗非鱼（吉富品系，“７８”品系，“８８”品系）对低温的耐受力，计算得出每个品系的半致死低温，并对降温过程中尼罗罗非鱼行为活动的变化进行了观察。试验结果表明，在上海地区，当温度降低到１１℃时，罗非鱼开始死亡，到７．４℃时，全部死亡。吉富罗非鱼死亡温度范围是１１℃￣８．４℃，“７８”品系是９．８￣７．４℃，“８８”品系是１１℃￣７．４℃。对三个品系半致死低温的研     

细胞核rDNA序列用于罗非鱼及其杂交种鉴别的初步研究

罗非鱼种间，尤其是尼罗罗非鱼与杂种尼奥罗非鱼之间，很难区分。本文对尼罗罗非鱼、奥利亚罗非鱼、莫桑比克罗非鱼和杂交种尼奥罗非鱼（尼罗罗非鱼♀×奥利亚罗非鱼♂）和红罗非鱼的核糖体DNA内部转录间隔子1（ITS1）序列及其两侧的18S和5．8s部分序列特征进行分析，以筛选种间鉴别标记。PCR扩增产物大小约700bp，测序结果表明，（去除引物后）18S长146bp，5．8S长66bp，不同种类之间无差异；ITS1长383-483bp，因种类不同而异，其GC含量大于AT含量，达到67．1％。序列比对分析结果表明，18S和5．8s片段高度保守，但各有3个变异位点可以把上述几个种和杂种相互区分开；18S序列上有一个UnbI限制性酶切位点，可作为尼罗和尼奥罗非鱼的鉴别标记。ITS1序列种间变异大，系统发育分析表明，所研究的5个种聚成2个类群，尼罗与尼奥罗非鱼为一组，莫桑比克-红罗非鱼-奥利亚罗非鱼为另一组。组内种间遗传距离较小，尼罗和尼奥罗非鱼的种间遗传距离为0．006；莫桑比克、奥利亚和红罗非鱼的种间遗传距离在0．007-0．009之间；两组罗非鱼之间的遗传距离较大，在0．030-0．035之间，表明罗非鱼ITS1序列多态性较高，适合于种类区分。结合部分18S和5．8S序列，细胞核rDNA具有鉴别罗非鱼及其杂种的潜力。     

尼奥罗非鱼杂种性别类型与性腺发育初步研究

通过组织学方法,研究了0.5~4.5月龄尼奥罗非鱼杂种(尼罗罗非鱼♀×奥利亚罗非鱼♂)的性腺发育特征与性别类型。结果表明,0.5月龄尼奥罗非鱼原始性腺尚未分化;1月龄,精巢中原始生殖细胞开始分化成精原细胞;2.5月龄出现初级精母细胞;3月龄出现次级精母细胞;3.5~4月龄精巢中存在不同发育阶段的生殖细胞,壶腹空腔中分散着稀疏的精子;4.5月龄精巢壶腹腔内密集大量精子。在2.5、3.5、4、4.5月龄抽样中,均检测到雌鱼,2.5~3.5月龄卵巢以第Ⅱ时相卵母细胞为主;4~4.5月龄卵巢以第Ⅲ时相卵母细胞为主。研究结果初步表明,尼奥罗非鱼杂种中观察到雄性、雌性两种性别类型,以雄性性别为主;杂种雌、雄鱼的性腺均能正常发育。     

5个尼罗罗非鱼群体遗传关系的ISSR分析

采用ISSR分子标记技术,对吉富尼罗罗非鱼群体(GF)、尼罗罗非鱼群体Ⅰ(NLⅠ)、尼罗罗非鱼群体Ⅱ(NLⅡ)、尼罗罗非鱼群体Ⅲ(NLⅢ)和尼罗罗非鱼群体Ⅳ(NLⅣ)的遗传多样性进行分析。用81个ISSR引物对5个尼罗罗非鱼群体进行扩增,15个ISSR引物获得多态片段。根据Nei’s遗传距离矩阵构建了5个尼罗罗非鱼群体的遗传关系树状图。UPGMA聚类图表明:NLⅢ群体和NLⅣ群体最先聚在一起;其次二者再与GF群体聚在一起;NLⅠ群体与NLⅡ群体聚在一起。分析结果显示:GF群体与其它4个罗非鱼群体区分较明显;用UBC835扩增的500 bp片段为GF所特有,可作为区别GF和其它尼罗罗非鱼的分子标记。     

Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean

The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.     

Growth performance,digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass,Lateolabrax japonicus fed with fructooligosaccharide

In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.     

Protein and amino acid composition from the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris exposed to prolonged starvation

Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg^?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg^?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg^?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.     

Involvement of gonadal steroids in final oocyte maturation of white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops): in vivo and in vitro studies

Plasma estradiol-17 (E₂), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E₂ and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E₂ and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass.     

Cardiac,ventilatory and metabolic responses of two ecologically dissimilar species of fish to waterborne cyanide

Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response.     

An overview of stress physiology of fish transport: changes in water quality as a function of transport duration

This study brings an integrated analysis about the relationship between water deterioration and its physiological consequences in live fish transport. The analysis was focused on the transport water and its deterioration, and physiological challenges imposed on the fish. Usual commercial handling procedures employed to mitigate fish stress during transport were discussed. Future topics of research for the establishment of safer fish transport protocols were proposed. Transport was classified into short (≤8 h) or long transport (>8 h). The main issue in short transports should be the prevention of water pH reduction, while in long transports it is the increase in ammonia. Plasma cortisol is the most employed marker for stress and is acutely elevated upon short episodes of transport, but remains elevated even in long‐transport events. Plasma glucose is perhaps a better marker for handling stress. Plasma lactate, pH, osmolality CO₂ and ions should be more often evaluated. Plasma Na⁺ and Cl^‐ are very useful markers of acidosis, due to their respective exchange for H⁺ and , for acid–base regulation. The establishment of species‐specific transport protocols should be preceded by such combined analyses of water and physiological parameters.     

Are hatchery‐reared abalone naïve of predators? Comparing the behaviours of wild and hatchery‐reared northern abalone,Haliotis kamtschatkana (Jonas, 1845)

Abalone populations have declined worldwide, generating interest in enhancement using hatchery‐reared individuals. In many cases, such restoration efforts have met with limited success due to high predator‐induced mortality rates. Furthermore, the mortality rates of outplanted hatchery abalone are often considerably higher than for wild individuals. This study uses northern abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana) as a case study to determine whether hatchery‐reared abalone behave differently than their wild counterparts. In the field, outplanted hatchery‐reared abalone were significantly less responsive than wild abalone, in terms of number of abalone responding and intensity of response, to nearby movement and to physical contact with an inert probe. Also, when encountering a cue to which all abalone responded (a seastar predator), hatchery‐reared individuals remained subdued. Anti‐predator behavioural deficits in hatchery‐reared abalone were more pronounced in 4‐year‐old individuals than in 1‐year‐old individuals, suggesting an influence of either age or amount of time spent in the hatchery environment. These behavioural differences are expected to increase the vulnerability of hatchery‐reared abalone to predators, and are likely a major cause of their elevated predator‐induced mortality when outplanted.     

Effects of cadmium on the kinetics of calcium uptake in developing tilapia larvae, Oreochromis mossambicus

The toxic effects of Cd²⁺ on Ca²⁺ influx kinetics in developing tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) larvae were evaluated. Addition of 20 µg l^-1 of Cd²⁺ to the environment of 0 and 3 day-old larvae competitively inhibited the Ca²⁺ uptake within 4h resulting in a great increase in K_m values for Ca²⁺ influx (19.3 and 17.4 fold, respectively) as compared with their respective controls. Consequently, the actual Ca²⁺ influx of larvae in solutions of 0.2 mM Ca²⁺ are suppressed by 32–45%. Also, 3 day-old larvae were more sensitive to internally accumulated Cd²⁺ than 0 day-old larvae. Although the Ca²⁺ influx in 0 and 3 day-old larvae may be restored to the levels of their respective controls with 24h of being transferred to a 20 µg l^-1 Cd²⁺ solution, total body Ca²⁺ content was significantly reduced in 3 day-old larvae. Increased Ca²⁺ uptake efficiency ensures sufficient Ca²⁺ for normal growth. However, rapid increase in Ca²⁺ influx after hatching also leads to higher Cd²⁺ uptake. Exposure to Cd²⁺ will lead to a drop in body Ca²⁺ content resulting in retardation of larval growth. Therefore, we conclude that if Ca²⁺ uptake is interfered with at this critical stage of development, larvae will not be able to maintain normal levels of body Ca²⁺ and will show signs of Cd²⁺ poisoning.     

Migratory dynamics of stream-spawning longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus)

Abstract– Literature evidence suggests that lake-dwelling longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus) enter tributary streams to spawn, Until the present study, the dynamics of this breeding migration had never been investigated quantitatively. During the summers of 1991 and 1992, longnose gar were captured as they entered Weaubleau Creek, Missouri, a tributary of Harry S. Truman Reservoir. The in-stream spawning migration began in early April and ended in late May, and was positively correlated with stream flow and water level, and negatively correlated with water temperature. In-stream residence times ranged from 15 to 94 days, with males exhibiting longer residence times than females. Once in-stream, longnose gar travelled as far as 10 km upstream and occupied certain pools at greater relative frequencies. Although the reason for this preferential utilization is not completely understood, it may relate to pool depth and riffle proximity. Longnose gar disperse from the spawning stream great distances, with gar captured in Weaubleau Creek being recaptured up to 48 km away. This information should provide fisheries biologists the means to consider the reproductive ecology of this species in their conservation and management decisions.     

Nutritional regulation of hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

The desaturation and elongation of [1-¹⁴C]18:3n-3 was investigated in hepatocytes of the tropical warm freshwater species, zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation/elongation pathway was assayed before and after the fish were fed two experimental diets, a control diet containing fish oil (FO) and a diet containing vegetable oil (VO; a blend of olive, linseed and high oleic acid sunflower oils) for 10 weeks. The VO diet was formulated to provide 1% each of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3, and so satisfy the possible EFA requirements of zebrafish and tilapia. At the end of the dietary trial, the lipid and fatty acid composition was determined in whole zebrafish, and liver, white muscle and brain of tilapia. Both zebrafish and tilapia expressed a hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation/elongation pattern consistent with them being freshwater and planktonivorous fish. The data also showed that hepatic fatty acid desaturation/elongation was nutritionally regulated with the activities being higher in fish fed the VO diet compared to fish fed the FO diet. In zebrafish, the main effect of the VO diet was increased fatty acid Δ6 desaturase activity resulting in the production of significantly more 18:4n-3 compared to fish fed the FO diet. In tilapia, all activities in the pathway were greater in fish fed the VO diet resulting in increased amounts of all fatty acids in the pathway, but primarily eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3). However, the fatty acid compositional data indicated that despite increased activity, desaturation of 18:3n-3 was insufficient to maintain tissue proportions of EPA and DHA in fish fed the VO diet at the same level as in fish fed the FO diet. Practically, these results indicate that manipulation of tilapia diets in commercial culture in response to the declining global fish oil market would have important consequences for fish fatty acid composition and the health of consumers. Scientifically, zebrafish and tilapia, both the subject of active genome mapping projects, could be useful models for studies of lipid and fatty acid metabolism at a molecular biological and genetic level. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.