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1.
症状:病鱼体表出现溃疡为该病的典型特征。发病初期体表有瘀点、淤斑、不规则红斑,多见于腹部及尾部。严重时下颌出血、溃疡,鳍基充血发红,鳍条缺损,尾柄肌肉腐烂,形成出血性溃疡。肝、脾、肾、肠均充血,肝脏肿大呈土黄色,肠道内有淡黄色粘液。镜检病灶处组织可见微弯曲的细菌。  相似文献   

2.
为分析近年来天津地区养殖鲤(包括锦鲤)暴发性死亡的病因,利用病原菌分离、细胞培养、电镜观察、组织病理切片、人工感染实验、PCR和荧光定量PCR检测、基因分型等方法对患病鱼及病原进行了研究。结果显示,在患病鱼体表未发现大量寄生虫;在肝、脾、肾等内脏组织中未能分离到细菌;在鳃组织中发现大量的圆形病毒颗粒;使用患病鱼组织滤液感染锦鲤鳍条原代细胞,可观察到典型的细胞病变效应(CPE),注射患病鱼组织滤液和产生病变的细胞上清液可分别导致健康锦鲤93.3%和86.7%的死亡率;通过病理组织切片观察,主要病变组织为鳃、肝脏和肾脏。采用世界动物卫生组织(OIE)推荐的锦鲤疱疹病毒(KHV)检测方法进行PCR检测发现KHV呈阳性,且KHV在鳃组织中含量最高,肾脏次之,脑组织中最少。结合TK基因全长序列建立系统进化树和基因型分析,证实此次分离到的KHV为亚洲型毒株,属于I++II–基因型,将其命名为KHV-TJ1601株。这是我国华北地区首次报道KHV I++II–基因型的存在,可为KHV的进化分析和疫苗制备提供基础资料。  相似文献   

3.
对我国虹彩病毒感染的大菱鲆Scophthalmus maximus进行的组织病理和超微病理学研究发现,该病典型的病理学特点是在病鱼的脾脏、肾脏、肠、肝脏、鳃、心脏和皮肤等器官组织内出现嗜碱性的肿大细胞。病毒感染导致患病大菱鲆多个器官组织发生了不同程度的病理变化,其中以脾脏组织的病理变化最为显著,表现为造血组织的严重坏死。此外,肾脏造血组织发生坏死、肠固有膜和黏膜下层出血和水肿、肝细胞水样变性、心肌局灶性坏死以及皮肤真皮层出血并伴有水肿和炎性渗出也是该病常见的组织病理学变化。超微病理研究表明,肿大细胞内有虹彩病毒粒子存在。病毒分布于受感染细胞的胞质、组织间隙以及血管腔内。受感染细胞出现线粒体和内质网等细胞器肿胀、崩解等细胞病理变化。研究认为,病毒感染造成皮下组织血管损伤出血,是虹彩病毒感染的大菱鲆发生"红体病"的原因所在。虹彩病毒感染所致的机体严重贫血是患病大菱鲆死亡的主要原因,而主要器官组织的病变使得病鱼器官功能衰竭则可加速鱼的死亡。  相似文献   

4.
2005年11月,浙江省象山县西沪港海水网箱养殖的美国红鱼中发生一种以肾肿大为主要特征的流行性疾病,其体表溃疡、肾脏特别肿大,脾脏、肝脏稍肿,严重者脏器上有白色结节.对该病进行了组织病理学研究,结果显示,肾脏、肝脏、脾脏均有充血、脂肪样变、炎性细胞浸润等症状,并有典型的肉芽肿;心肌细胞、鳃上皮细胞萎缩、坏死.分析了该病的病理过程和致病原因,为美国红鱼肾肿大症的防治提供理论依据.  相似文献   

5.
应用组织病理学方法,对感染小瓜虫草鱼幼鱼的脑、心脏、鳃、鳍、头肾、中肾、上颌、皮肤肌肉及内脏团等组织器官进行观察。观察结果表明,各组织器官均有明显的组织病理学变化,鳃丝、上颌、胸鳍及背鳍等组织器官可见小瓜虫寄生;脑组织淤血;心耳、心室及动脉球内发生淤血;鳃丝淤血并有炎细胞浸润,部分鳃小片结构消失,呼吸上皮细胞脱落;头肾淤血;中肾肾小管、连接小管的上皮细胞内出现脂肪样变及玻璃样变,肾小球肿大导致肾小囊囊腔消失,肾间质淤血;腹皮下致密层胶原纤维发生玻璃样变,静脉淤血;肠道黏膜层部分上皮细胞脱落,严重者上皮细胞溶解消失,黏膜下层可见炎细胞浸润;肝胰脏内肝血窦、静脉淤血,肝脏局灶性坏死;脾脏内静脉淤血。  相似文献   

6.
黄颡鱼腹水病的组织病理研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文应用组织病理学的方法,对患有腹水病的黄颡鱼(Pseudobagrus fulviddco)的各器官进行观察.结果表明各器官主要组织病理学变化有:鳃小片上皮细胞肿胀、增生、肥大,并有脱落、变性、坏死现象;肾小管上皮细胞出现肿胀,局部肾小管崩解坏死;肾小球结构模糊不清、松散,呈空泡样,部分区域肾小球的血管球肿胀、肾小球坏死;肾间质中可见局灶性坏死,局部区域可见颗粒管型和黑素-巨噬细胞沉着.肝细胞发生明显的水泡变性,部分病鱼肝组织可见局灶性坏死和血管充血.肠胃上皮细胞排列紊乱,并有脱落、变性、坏死现象.脾组织中毛细血管扩张、充血,严重区域破裂出血,形成血斑,部分病鱼脾组织可见弥散性坏死灶.  相似文献   

7.
应用免疫技术检测牙鲆组织内的淋巴囊肿病毒   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
应用免疫荧光抗体技术(IFAT)和标记链亲和素-生物素(LSAB)免疫组化法对患淋巴囊肿病牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus的肝、脾、肾、胃、幽门、肠、心脏、性腺、鳃、表皮10种组织进行了检测,结果发现体表有囊肿症状病鱼的胃、肠、鳃和表皮组织内有淋巴囊肿病毒存在;体表未见囊肿症状病鱼的胃、肠和表皮组织内也检测到了病毒,说明这两种免疫技术可以应用于牙鲆淋巴囊肿病的检测与诊断。同时本文还对淋巴囊肿病毒通过消化道感染的可能进行了探讨。  相似文献   

8.
2019 年 10—11 月, 福建省海水鱼类苗种繁育科研中试基地池塘养殖的褐篮子鱼(Siganus fuscessens)暴发以鳃苍白为主要症状的马氏多唇虫病。濒死病鱼体表外观完好, 缓游或浮于水面, 有时间歇性快速游动, 最后身体失衡死亡。临床解剖显示: 病鱼鳃丝发白, 镜检可见鳃丝上有大量寄生虫, 鳃、肝、心脏、脾、肾和肌肉呈现出贫血状态。组织病理观察发现: 病鱼的鳃、肝、心脏、脾、肾脏等组织器官均发生病理变化, 组织器官内几乎无血红细胞。 经形态学观察, 虫体呈近纺锤形披针状, 具有 2 排微杯型吸铗的高度特化后吸器, 交接器为圆锥形几丁质管结构。 基于虫体形态特征和 28S rDNA 序列分析, 结果显示病原虫体为马氏多唇虫相似种(Polylabris cf. mamaevi)。结合该病的流行病学调查、临床解剖、病原形态学观察、28S rDNA 序列分析和组织病理观察, 确定此次褐篮子鱼暴发的 “白鳃病”由马氏多唇虫相似种大量寄生感染引起的。本研究为褐篮子鱼养殖过程中出现的疾病诊断与防治提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

9.
2016年4月,四川某鲈鲤(Percocypris pingi)养殖场流行一种以鳃、鱼鳔和内脏器官出血为临床特征的传染病。组织病理学观察发现,患病鲈鲤全身多组织器官均发生明显的病理损伤,尤其是肝、脾、肾、鳃和肠表现为明显的出血、变性、坏死以及炎症细胞浸润。取病鱼组织匀浆滤液接种鲤上皮瘤细胞(epithelioma papulosum cyprini, EPC),盲传3代出现典型的细胞病变(cytopathic effects, CPE)。将自然发病鱼组织匀浆滤液和细胞培养病毒液分别接种健康鲈鲤,实验鱼出现与自然发病鱼相同的症状,死亡率分别为60%和50%,而对照组未见异常。对经分离毒株ZLP160415感染出现CPE的EPC细胞制备超薄切片进行电镜观察,发现病毒呈弹状,长90~150 nm,宽40~60 nm;对自然发病鱼、人工感染发病鱼内脏组织和细胞培养病毒液进行鲤春病毒血症病毒(springviremiaofcarpvirus,SVCV)的RT-PCR检测,均扩增出目的条带。基于SVCV糖蛋白基因进行系统发育分析,结果显示分离毒株(ZLP160415)属于Ia型。结合本次疾病的流行病学与病理损伤特点、病毒分离鉴定、人工感染试验结果和透射电镜检查,确定此次流行病的病原为SVCV。  相似文献   

10.
正引起鱼类出血症状的病因很多,概括起来有细菌感染、病毒感染、营养及环境应激等。一、细菌性败血症引起细菌性败血症的病原主要有以下两种。1.鲁克氏耶尔森氏菌适宜在20℃以下生长,此时鱼类出血病开始出现:鱼头部、嘴、鳃盖、眼眶等部位以及体表两侧,腹鳍下和尾柄处为甚,有的病鱼可见突眼、鳃贫血、内脏器官伴有不同程度的发炎,有时也可见到肠道内充气肿胀。2.气单胞菌和弧菌均为"温水型"细菌,适宜  相似文献   

11.
12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

17.
18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

19.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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