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1.
为了探究斑重唇鱼的游泳能力,给过鱼设施设计和鱼类游泳行为学研究提供基础参数,本研究以木扎提河野生斑重唇鱼(全长TL=12~16 cm)为研究对象,测定了其在(16.6±1.6)℃水温下的感应流速、临界游泳速度、爆发游泳速度及持续与耐久游泳能力。结果显示,斑重唇鱼感应流速为(0.18±0.02)m/s,相对感应流速为(1.40±0.23) BL/s (BL为体长);临界游泳速度为(1.02±0.15) m/s,相对临界游泳速度为(8.58±1.65) BL/s;爆发游泳速度为(1.39±0.17) m/s,相对爆发游泳速度为(10.92±1.86) BL/s;最大持续游泳速度为0.87 m/s,最大耐久游泳速度为1.37 m/s,与平均爆发游泳速度相近。其持续游泳时间与流速呈负相关(l g T=?5:136X+8:504)。当以斑重唇鱼为主要过鱼对象时,建议为吸引鱼类进入鱼道,进口流速设计为1.02~1.39 m/s,休息池主流设计为0.20~1.02 m/s,鱼道竖缝处流速宜低于0.85 m/s。鱼道长度为1 000 m时,鱼道内平均水流速度应低于0.78m/s。本研究结果可为新疆木扎提河流域鱼类游泳能力研究提供参考,对保护日益减少的鱼类资源具有重要意义。  相似文献   

2.
应用于鱼道设计的新疆木扎提河斑重唇鱼的游泳能力测试   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了探究斑重唇鱼的游泳能力,给过鱼设施设计和鱼类游泳行为学研究提供基础参数,本研究以木扎提河野生斑重唇鱼(全长TL=12~16 cm)为研究对象,测定了其在(16.6±1.6) ℃水温下的感应流速、临界游泳速度、爆发游泳速度及持续与耐久游泳能力。结果显示,斑重唇鱼感应流速为(0.18±0.02)m/s,相对感应流速为(1.40±0.23) BL/s (BL为体长);临界游泳速度为(1.02±0.15) m/s,相对临界游泳速度为(8.58±1.65) BL/s;爆发游泳速度为(1.39±0.17) m/s,相对爆发游泳速度为(10.92±1.86) BL/s;最大持续游泳速度为0.87 m/s,最大耐久游泳速度为1.37 m/s,与平均爆发游泳速度相近。其持续游泳时间与流速呈负相关(${\rm lg}T = - 5.136{{X}} + 8.504$)。当以斑重唇鱼为主要过鱼对象时,建议为吸引鱼类进入鱼道,进口流速设计为1.02~1.39 m/s,休息池主流设计为0.20~1.02 m/s,鱼道竖缝处流速宜低于0.85 m/s。鱼道长度为1 000 m时,鱼道内平均水流速度应低于0.78 m/s。本研究结果可为新疆木扎提河流域鱼类游泳能力研究提供参考,对保护日益减少的鱼类资源具有重要意义。  相似文献   

3.
在23±0.5℃水温条件下,利用游泳行为测试水槽分析早期发育阶段鳙幼鱼(Hypophthalmichthys nobilis)(5.0~9.0cm,2.5~11.5g)游泳行为特性与水流流速变化的响应关系。结果表明该体长范围鳙幼鱼的平均临界游泳速度为0.468±0.161m/s;平均突进游泳速度为0.672±0.154m/s,且绝对临界游泳速度和绝对突进游泳速度均随体长的增加而线性增加,相对突进游泳速度随体长的增加而线性减小;绝对突进游泳速度与绝对临界游泳速度存在如下关系: ;在测试突进游泳速度中鱼类游泳行为随水流流速变化存在4种游泳状态相互穿插(顶流前进、顶流后退、顶流静止、顺流而下),根据鱼类运动过程中的四个阶段分别对应的4种游泳状态,得到以鳙幼鱼为过鱼对象的鱼道池室主流流速为16.0~46.5cm/s;对于鱼道高流速区的竖缝、孔口等最佳流速应为46.5~85.4cm/s。本研究成果补充了四大家鱼游泳特性指标,为四大家鱼资源保护、鱼类洄游通道建设提供参考依据。  相似文献   

4.
Santo Antonio过鱼设施位于亚马逊河最大支流玛代拉河下游,其设计规模宏大,在世界范围内鲜有,并且工程建设地所在区域水文环境和鱼类生物学特征等与我国长江较为类似,通过分析该过鱼设施,得出启示主要包括:(1)过鱼设施是为生物对象设计的水利工程,其设计和建设过程中必须由工程师和生物学家紧密合作;(2)吸引水流对过鱼设施的成败起关键性作用,虽然吸引水流系统需要加大投资并且运行过程中会损失大量的水能,但从确保过鱼设施效果而言是非常必要的;(3)物理模型对于鱼道进口位置,鱼道内部水力学特征的确定等具有重要参考价值,尤其在1:1局部模型内开展的生物学实验是细化和优化鱼道内部结构细节的有效方法;(4)卵石框(石笼)隔板的水池分隔方法兼具水池式鱼道与仿自然通道的双重特征,并且完工后还可以根据鱼道的运行情况灵活调整,非常方便;(5)进口处采用较高的人字闸门,即可适应尾水变化,又可与吸引水流系统相配合,创造出有效的吸引水流,一举多得;(6)全部采用大功率灯泡式水轮机是保护下行鱼类的有效措施;(7)监测系统和公众教育等配套设施的建设非常必要,有利于改进鱼道运行方式和提高过鱼效率。  相似文献   

5.
鱼道作为能够有效联通闸、坝上下游水流,为鱼类提供上溯、下行通道的有效途径,一直以来被作为水利水电工程建设鱼类保护的重要措施采用,但由于认识、经费、运行管理等多方面因素,其过鱼效果及发挥的作用难以被肯定。本文在综述国内外鱼道运行管理体制现状基础上,以洣水洋塘鱼道为例,分析总结了该鱼道兴衰历程,提出我国鱼道运行管理应提升对过鱼设施建设必要性的认知度、捋顺管理机制体制、建立生态补偿机制的对策与建议,力求能够为鱼道这项鱼类保护措施的建设与发展提供支持。  相似文献   

6.
短须裂腹鱼(Schizothorax wangchiachii)是黑水河流域生态修复重要的保护鱼类,为了使过鱼设施取得最佳过鱼效果,鱼类有更好的上溯路径,需要针对性探究过鱼对象的游泳能力指标;基于鱼道的水力学特性,对短须裂腹鱼感应流速、临界游泳速度、爆发游泳速度以及游泳耐力进行研究。结果表明,短须裂腹鱼的感应流速为(0.09±0.03)m/s,相对感应流速为(0.39±0.15)BL/s,流速0.04~0.14 m/s,趋流率(F)随流速(V)增大而显著增大,F=0.7576lnV+2.485(R2=0.97,P<0.01);临界游泳速度(Ucrit)为(1.41±0.18)m/s,相对临界游泳速度(U’crit)为(6.27±1.14)BL/s;递增流速法测得的爆发游泳速度(Uburst)为(1.83±0.23)m/s,相对爆发游泳速度(U’burst)为(7.95±1.04)BL/s;固定流速法测得爆发游泳速度为1.8 m/s,持续游泳速度为1.2 m/s,在1.2~1.8 m/s耐久游速区间,持续游泳时间(T)随游泳速度(V)增大而减小,lgT = -4.5015V+9.468 (R2=0.69,P<0.01)。结合鱼道水力学特性,推荐鱼道最小流速为0.20 m/s,高速区流速小于1.44 m/s,鱼道进口部分流速为1.20~1.44 m/s,休息池段流速为0.20~1.16 m/s。  相似文献   

7.
新疆某枢纽工程鱼道的设计   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
新疆某枢纽工程为低水头拦河建筑物,位于河流平原区,两岸地形平坦开阔。11月-翌年3月,泄洪闸全部开启,河道基本为自然状态,鱼类可以自由通过;4-10月,部分泄洪闸关闭,是本工程的过鱼季节。过鱼对象主要是新疆裸重唇鱼等需要短距离迁徙的裂鳆鱼类,兼顾草鱼、鲢等经济鱼类。综合考虑诱鱼能力、过鱼能力、鱼类适应程度、建造成本和运行维护等因素,其过鱼设施经过比选后选定为仿自然通道型鱼道。介绍了该工程仿自然通道型鱼道的论证与设计过程,为低水头拦河建筑物的过鱼设施设计提供借鉴。  相似文献   

8.
在水利工程建设中,鱼道是一项重要的生态补偿措施,研究鱼类游泳能力可为鱼道等过鱼设施设计提供参考数据。本研究以四大家鱼为研究对象,分别测定其在不同温度(10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃和30℃)梯度下的临界游泳速度。结果显示,在10℃~30℃温度范围内,青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)的相对临界游泳速度分别为(3.93±0.24~9.94±1.65) BL/s、(3.50±0.48~10.55± 2.07) BL/s、(0.95±0.04~4.68±0.58) BL/s、(2.22±0.18~3.95±0.23) BL/s [BL为实验鱼的体长(cm)]。在水温为10℃~20℃范围内,四大家鱼的绝对临界游泳速度和相对临界游泳速度均随水温升高而增大,基本表现为在20℃时达到最大值,随后趋于稳定,且20℃组四大家鱼游泳能力显著高于15℃组和10℃组,20℃组、25℃组和30℃组四大家鱼临界游泳速度均无显著性差异。此外,随着温度的升高,草鱼的游泳能力增加速度高于其他3种鱼。相同温度条件下,草鱼和青鱼的临界游泳速度相近,均极显著高于鲢和鳙(P<0.01)。当考虑过鱼对象为四大家鱼时,建议延长鱼道在夏季的开放时间,将鳙的临界游泳速度作为鱼道设计的主要依据。  相似文献   

9.
异齿裂腹鱼游泳能力初探   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
为了摸清雅鲁藏布江特有种异齿裂腹鱼(Schizothorax oconnori)的游泳能力,以野生鱼种为实验对象,通过丹麦Loligo System公司的环形试验水槽测试了异齿裂腹鱼的临界游泳速度、突进游泳速度和持续游泳速度。结果显示,异齿裂腹鱼的临界游泳速度随体长的增大而增加,相对临界游泳速度随体长的增大而减小,其临界游泳速度与体长的关系为Y1=-39.369+13.23X-0.371X2+0.004X3(Y1是绝对临界游泳速度,X为体长)。突进游泳速度随体长的增加而近似呈线性递增趋势,而相对突进游泳速度随体长的增大而减小。在三个固定流速(60cm/s、80 cm/s、100 cm/s)下,初步确定60 cm/s为异齿裂腹鱼的持续游泳速度,80 cm/s、100 cm/s为耐久游泳速度。研究成果以期为青藏高原地区鱼类行为学的研究提供基础资料,为鱼道等过鱼设施的设计提供参考资料。  相似文献   

10.
鲢幼鱼游泳能力及游泳行为的试验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了探究四大家鱼的游泳能力,指导鱼道水力学设计,提高鱼道过鱼成功率,增殖鱼类资源总量,以四大家鱼之一的鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)为试验对象,研究其游泳能力及游泳行为。在(30±1)℃水温下,采用流速递增法,鲢的体长7.3~16.8 cm,体重6.10~66.50 g,按体长将鲢分为(8.17±0.59)cm、(10.09±0.53)cm、(11.84±0.67)cm、(13.94±0.68)cm、(15.90±0.64)cm共计5个试验组。结果表明,鲢的临界游泳速度为52~100 cm/s,相对临界游泳速度为5.90~7.14 BL/s,摆尾频率为98.7~432.2次/min。鲢的临界游泳速度随体长增加而增大,其线性拟合方程为Ucrit=4.908L+17.63(R2=0.998);其相对临界游泳速度随体长增加而减小,线性拟合方程为U'crit=-0.130L+8.025(R2=0.979);在整个试验过程中,根据鱼类对水流速度的游泳行为响应,鲢摆尾频率随水流速度的增大而增加,两者呈线性关系;在相同流速下,较长个体鲢的摆尾频率显著小于较小的个体。  相似文献   

11.
12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
17.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

19.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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