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1.
基于COⅠ序列绒螯蟹属DNA条形码和遗传多样性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对绒螯蟹属的中华绒螯蟹如东和七里海群体、日本绒螯蟹、合浦绒螯蟹及狭颚绒螯蟹共80条线粒体COⅠ片段进行扩增和测序,并与GenBank中绒螯蟹属的台湾绒螯蟹2条和近方蟹属的绒毛近方蟹19条COⅠ基因序列进行联配分析。结果显示,101条序列包含44种单倍型,序列组成表现明显的碱基偏倚性。中华绒螯蟹如东、七里海群体与日本绒螯蟹间的遗传距离分别为1.210%和1.078%,明显低于COⅠ基因DNA条形码鉴别种的遗传距离为2%的阈值,表明中华绒螯蟹和日本绒螯蟹为同一物种;而合浦绒螯蟹与中华绒螯蟹如东和七里海群体及与日本绒螯蟹的遗传距离分别为4.823%、5.101%以及5.011%,明显大于2%的鉴别阈值,说明合浦绒螯蟹为独立的种。以绒毛近方蟹为外群,基于群体内及群体间的遗传距离构建的邻接树显示,中华绒螯蟹与日本绒螯蟹聚在一起,合浦绒螯蟹则聚成单系。本文测序的5个群体除狭颚绒螯蟹外,其余均具有遗传多样性,单倍型多样性为0.593±0.144~0.779±0.068,核苷酸多样性为0.00156~0.01336;此外,中华绒螯蟹如东群体与日本绒螯蟹、合浦绒螯蟹和中华绒螯蟹七里海群体分别共享单倍型H1、H2和H3,说明这些蟹类可能有种质资源混杂或是遗传污染的现象。  相似文献   

2.
中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheirsinensis)是中国最重要的淡水养殖蟹类,广泛分布于东亚地区,养殖区域主要集中在长江、黄河和辽河流域。本研究基于线粒体DNAD-loop区评估辽河野生群体(LW)和养殖群体(LC)、黄河野生群体(HW)和养殖群体(HC)及长江野生群体(YW)和养殖群体(YC)的遗传多样性和种群结构。结果显示:(1)用于本研究的D-loop基因片段长度为477 bp,共包含234个变异位点和131个简约信息位点, 6个群体的262个个体中共有110个单倍型,包括90个独有单倍型和20个共享单倍型;(2)6个种群的单倍型多样性指数(Hd)范围为0.88889~0.96522,核苷酸多样性指数(π)范围为0.00887~0.01602,养殖和野生群体遗传多样性水平依次为:HCYCLC及HWLWYW;(3)6个群体的遗传距离(Da)范围为0.0119~0.0173,不论是养殖群体还是野生群体,辽河群体和长江群体之间的遗传距离均最小,且6个群体间遗传分化指数FST为0.12938。对6个群体进行中性检验显示Tajima’s D和Fu’s Fs的值均为负值。综上,基于线粒体D-loop基因的研究结果表明,三水系养殖和野生群体均具有较高的遗传多样性,且辽河和长江水系中华绒螯蟹的亲缘关系相对较近,该研究为中华绒螯蟹的种质资源评估、保护和开发提供了参考。  相似文献   

3.
为了解不同地区野生、养殖中华绒螯蟹Eriocheir sinensis群体的遗传多样性、遗传结构及遗传分化情况,利用线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基I(COI)基因序列,研究中华绒螯蟹长江流域安徽无为江段、山东东营黄河口、文献报道的辽河野生群体以及湖南大通湖、辽宁盘锦养殖群体的遗传学特征。结果显示:上述5个群体共有36个变异位点,其中简约信息位点8个。盘锦养殖群体(PJ)、东营野生群体(DY)、无为野生群体(WW)、大通湖养殖群体(DTH)以及辽河野生群体(LH)的单倍型数分别为6个、5个、9个、5个和7个,其中单倍型Hap15、16、17为LH群体的独有单倍型,单倍型Hap6、7、8、10为DY群体的独有单倍型,单倍型Hap11为PJ群体独有单倍型,单倍型Hap12、13、14为DTH群体独有单倍型,其中DTH08个体的单倍型与合浦绒螯蟹更接近。LH群体的单倍型多样性(H_d)最高,而DTH群体的核苷酸多样性(P_i)最高;WW群体的单倍型与核苷酸多样性最低。中华绒螯蟹5群体间基于COI序列的固定指数F_(ST)值为-0.034~0.089,分化程度极低,群体间的基因流为5.119~∞,显示不同种群之间基因交流较为频繁,没有明显的遗传结构。系统发育树和单倍型网络图结果显示:单倍型之间不具有明显的地理分化特征,不同地理群体之间的种质混杂情况较为严重。  相似文献   

4.
运用线粒体D-loop区与COI基因片段序列比较分析了养殖与野生银鲳群体的遗传多样性。研究结果显示,线粒体D-loop区片段中,A、T、C与G4种核苷酸的平均含量分别为40.00%、30.55%、16.75%和12.70%,A+T的含量为70.55%,明显高于G+C的含量。COI基因片段中,A、T、C和G的平均含量分别为25.85%、33.90%、21.30%和18.85%,A+T的含量(59.75%)同样高于G+C的含量。基于D-loop序列分析所得出的两群体总的变异位点、单倍型数、单倍型多样性、核苷酸多样性及平均核苷酸差异数分别为19、15、0.895、0.007和2.505。基于COI基因所得出的两群体总的变异位点、单倍型数、单倍型多样性、核苷酸多样性及平均核苷酸差异数分别为33、17、0.713、0.004和2.239。基于线粒体D-loop区与COI基因片段序列的研究结果均显示,养殖银鲳群体的遗传多样性低于野生群体的遗传多样性。养殖群体基于线粒体D-loop区与COI基因片段分析得出的单倍型多样性分别为0.562与0.571,野生群体基于线粒体D-loop区与COI基因片段分析得出的单倍型多样性分别...  相似文献   

5.
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析比较了分布于我国大陆沿海 6个主要水系的两种绒螯蟹 (中华绒螯蟹、日本绒螯蟹 )群体间的生化遗传差异。结果发现 ,(1)辽河、黄河、长江和瓯江中华绒螯蟹群体间的生化遗传差异不显著 ,四个群体间的遗传距离D =0 .0 0 0 6~ 0 .0 0 53,属种内群体间差异。 (2 )珠江和南流江日本绒螯蟹群体间的生化遗传差异也不显著 ,两个群体间遗传距离D=0 .0 0 0 7,尚未达到亚种分化水平。 (3)辽河、黄河、长江和瓯江中华绒螯蟹与珠江和南流江日本绒螯蟹在SOD同工酶表型上有明显差异 ,SOD - 2位点仅在辽河、黄河、长江和瓯江中华绒螯蟹中表达 ,而SOD - 4位点仅在珠江和南流江日本绒螯蟹中表达 ,这些可作为中华绒螯蟹与日本绒螯蟹群体区分的生化遗传标志。辽河、黄河、长江和瓯江中华绒螯蟹群体同珠江和南流江日本绒螯蟹群体间的遗传距离较大 ,D =0 .0 72 1~ 0 .0 74 7。 (4 )聚类分析表明 ,在我国大陆沿海水系分布的绒螯蟹可分为两大类群 ,辽河、黄河、长江和瓯江水系的绒螯蟹属北方类群 ,即中华绒螯蟹 ;珠江和南流江的绒螯蟹属南方类群 ,即日本绒螯蟹。  相似文献   

6.
李思发  邹曙明 《水产学报》1999,23(4):325-330
用48个具有丰富多态性的10碱基随机引物对辽河、黄河、长江、瓯江、珠江和南流江的中华绒螯蟹和日本绒螯蟹的6个群体进行RAPD分析。结果发现:(1)两个引物具有群体特异性带,其中Z2扩增的880bp片段为珠江蟹和南流江蟹群体中所特有,而700bp片段为长江蟹、辽河蟹、黄河蟹和瓯江蟹所特有,可作为区别日本绒螯蟹和中华绒螯蟹的分子遗传标记;(2)Opp17扩增的947bp片段的出现频率,在长江、黄河和辽  相似文献   

7.
刘萍  段亚飞  毛智超  李吉涛  高保全  李健 《水产学报》2013,37(10):1441-1451
为研究中华虎头蟹野生群体的种质资源及遗传多样性状况,采用PCR扩增获得中华虎头蟹线粒体DNA的16S rRNA和COⅠ基因片段,分别对其进行序列比较及系统进化分析。16S rRNA和COⅠ基因片段的A+T平均含量分别为67.7%和61.4%,A+T含量显著高于G+C含量。长度为515 bp的16S rRNA基因片段共检测出单倍型4种,多态性位点4个,均为单一变异位点;长度为653 bp的COⅠ基因片段共检测出单倍型11种,多态性位点23个,其中简约信息位点5个和单一变异位点18个。COⅠ基因片段比16S rRNA基因片段具有较大的变异,更适于中华虎头蟹种群的遗传多样性分析。基于16S rRNA和COⅠ基因片段的遗传距离与系统进化分析结果一致,表明中华虎头蟹与梭子蟹科的蟹类亲缘关系最近,方蟹科与沙蟹科的蟹类聚为一支,与传统分类结果基本一致;而脊椎动物2个基因片段的系统进化分析结果不一致。根据16S rRNA基因片段的遗传距离推测出4科7种蟹的大致分化时间发生在古新世至始新世。  相似文献   

8.
为研究凤鲚(Coilia mystus)的长江群体和珠江群体的遗传多态性、遗传关系及进化特征,使用线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)的细胞色素b(cytochrome b,cytb)基因片断序列进行分析.在该基因片断上共检测到44个变异位点,总变异率为11.5%.凤鲚长江群体内部的遗传距离为0.3%~1.0%,珠江群体内部的遗传距离为0.5%~0.8%,长江群体与珠江群体之间的遗传距离为9.4%~10.9%.这2个群体具有完全不相同的单倍型,其中长江群体5个个体中共检测到5种不同的单倍型,单倍型多样性指数为1.000,核苷酸多样性指数为0.677%;珠江群体5个个体中共检测到4种单倍型,单倍型多样性指数和核苷酸多样性指数分别为0.900和0.573%.对两者序列的自然选择检验分析表明,自然选择在两者差异形成过程中起重要的作用.[中国水产科学,2006,13(3):337-343]  相似文献   

9.
为了对长江中上游鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)种质资源现状进行监测和评价,本研究利用线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶I(cytochrome c oxidase subunit I)基因(COI)对长江中上游宜宾、忠县、万州、石首、监利、湘江6个鲢群体进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明,在648 bp的COI序列中共检测到42个变异位点,其中单变异位点14个,简约信息位点28个。6个群体123个个体共定义了26个单倍型,单倍型多样性为0.0476~0.0945,核苷酸多样性为0.00196~0.00982。6个鲢群体总体遗传多样性丰富,万州群体单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性均最高,忠县群体单倍型多样性最低,核苷酸多样性最低的为石首群体。遗传变异主要来自群体内个体间,单倍型网络图和系统进化树显示各群体的单倍型没有形成明显的地理格局。此外,上游宜宾群体和万州群体与中游的石首、监利和湘江群体具有明显的遗传分化,中游的监利群体与石首群体和湘江群体也有一定的遗传分化,上游群体和中游群体应该分属于长江水系两个不同的种群。  相似文献   

10.
3种中华绒螯蟹群体线粒体COⅡ基因序列测定与进化分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
对我国长江与移居到英国泰晤士河、美国旧金山湾的3个中华绒螯蟹群体的线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅱ(COII)的全序列进行了测定.在693 bp的序列长度中,长江群体、泰晤士河群体和旧金山湾群体分别有20、8、7个变异位点;它们的单倍型多样性指数分别为0.8433、0.8158、0.7821;核苷酸多样性指数分别为0.0048、0.0031、0.0039.AMOVA分析表明:长江群体与泰晤士河群体和旧金山湾群体已出了显著的遗传分化,而泰晤士河群体和旧金山湾群体间却未出显著的遗传分化.邻接法(NJ)构建的系统关系树和最小拓展网络分析显示,旧金山湾群体与泰晤士河群体存在一定程度的基因流,旧金山湾的中华绒螯蟹群体除直接来自中国长江外,也可能有一部分来自先移居于欧洲的群体.  相似文献   

11.
12.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

13.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

14.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

15.
16.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

17.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

19.
  1. Humanity is facing a biodiversity crisis, with freshwater-associated biodiversity in a particularly dire state. Novel ecosystems created through human use of mineral resources, such as gravel pit lakes, can provide substitute habitats for the conservation of freshwater and riparian biodiversity. Many of these artificial ecosystems are subject to a high intensity of recreational use, however, which may limit their biodiversity potential.
  2. The species richness of several taxa (plants, amphibians, dragonflies, damselflies, waterfowl, and songbirds) was assessed and a range of taxonomic biodiversity metrics were compared between gravel pit lakes managed for recreational fisheries (n = 16) and unmanaged reference lakes (n = 10), controlling for non-fishing-related environmental variation.
  3. The average species richness of all the taxa examined was similar among lakes in both lake types and no substantial differences in species composition were found when examining the pooled species inventory. Similarly, there were no differences between lake types in the presence of rare species and in the Simpson diversity index across all of the taxa assessed.
  4. Variation in species richness among lakes was correlated with woody habitat, lake morphology (surface area and steepness), and land use, but was not correlated with the presence of recreational fisheries. Thus, non-fishing-related environmental variables had stronger effects on local species presence than recreational fisheries management or the presence of recreational anglers.
  5. Collectively, no evidence was found that anglers and recreational fisheries management constrain the development of aquatic and riparian biodiversity in gravel pit lakes in the study region; however, the conservation of species diversity in gravel pit lakes could benefit from an increasing reliance on habitat enhancement activities.
  相似文献   

20.
The aim of this study was to describe two epizootics of high mortalities from infection with Streptococcus agalactiae, occurring in captive rays held in a marine display aquarium in south‐east Queensland, Australia, in 2009 and 2010. Five different species of rays were affected, including mangrove whiprays (Himantura granulata), estuary rays (Dasyatis fluviorum), eastern shovelnose rays (Aptychotrema rostrata), white‐spotted eagle rays (Aetobatus narinari) and blue‐spotted mask rays (Neotrygon kuhlii). This report describes the history of both epizootics including collection, quarantine and husbandry of rays, the disease epizootics, clinico‐pathological features of the disease, antimicrobial therapy, autogenous vaccine production, and laboratory studies including clinical and histopathology, bacteriology, PCR, molecular serotyping and sequencing of the bacterium S. agalactiae.  相似文献   

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