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1.
The effects of weekly anaesthetization with clove oil and tricaine methanesulphonate (MS‐222) on feed intake and growth were examined in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), held individually. Repeated handling without anaesthetics significantly reduced feed intake and weight gain compared with an unhandled control group during an 8‐week experiment. When anaesthetics were used during handling the feed consumption and weight gain were significantly (MS‐222) or not significantly (clove oil) higher than in fish handled without anaesthesia. When compared with the unhandled control group, neither of these two anaesthetics had significant effects on feed intake but, in contrast to MS‐222, repeated anaesthesia with clove oil had a significant negative effect on growth. However, the effects of MS‐222 and clove oil on the growth were not significantly different from each other. Feed conversion ratio (feed/gain) of MS‐222‐anaesthetized fish was significantly higher compared with unhandled control and handled control fish but was not significantly different from fish anaesthetized with clove oil. These results suggest that both MS‐222 and clove oil alleviate handling stress in juvenile rainbow trout, and that these two anaesthetics are rather similar with respect to their effects during repeated exposures. 相似文献
2.
The ability of clove oil and MS-222 to minimize handling stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effects of 60‐mg L?1 clove oil and 60‐mg L?1 tricaine methanesulphonate (MS‐222) on the blood chemistry of rainbow trout were compared after exposure to handling stress via caudal puncture blood sampling. Fish sampled by caudal puncture and subsequently exposed to anaesthetics showed a typical handling stress response over a 48‐h period. There were no significant differences between the responses of fish exposed to equal concentrations of clove oil and MS‐222, with the following exceptions: the blood glucose at full anaesthesia, and lactate at full recovery increased significantly in the clove oil‐exposed fish. In a subsequent experiment, the stress response observed in fish sampled by caudal puncture and exposed to clove oil and MS‐222 was compared with a non‐anaesthetized control group. The increases in plasma cortisol levels were significantly lower at recovery in fish treated with either anaesthetic compared with the control fish. Fish exposed to MS‐222 had significantly higher cortisol levels at 1 h. These findings show that few differences exist between the anaesthetic effects of clove oil and MS‐222 on the physiological response of fish to stress. However, clove oil is more effective at reducing the short‐term stress response induced by handling and blood sampling, and is recommended as an alternative fish anaesthetic. 相似文献
3.
Yuzo Yamamoto Carol A Woody Takayuki Shoji & Hiroshi Ueda 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(10):1019-1027
Two anaesthetics, clove oil and methane sulphonate (MS-222), were examined for their effects on the olfactory nerve response of masu salmon ( Oncorhynchus masou Brevoort) and rainbow trout ( O. mykiss Walbaum). Exposing both species to clove oil for 3 min at concentrations of 50 and 100 mg L−1 , or for 10 min at 50 mg L−1 , did not significantly reduce their olfactory response. Directly applying clove oil anaesthesia to the olfactory epithelium significantly reduced olfactory response though after 20 min, olfactory response recovered to 70% and 52% of pre-treatment levels in masu salmon and rainbow trout respectively. Compared with the post-anaesthetic recovery of responses after clove oil (50 mg L−1 ), buffered MS-222 (100 mg L−1 ) with NaHCO3 (100 mg L−1 ), and unbuffered MS-222 (100 mg L−1 ) treatment for 3 min, the response after MS-222 treatment declined gradually and significantly, but not after clove oil and MS-222+NaHCO3 treatments. Clove oil appears to be an effective and relatively safe anaesthetic for salmonids with little long-term impact on their olfactory response, which plays a crucial role in their life history. 相似文献
4.
Alison C Holloway Joel L Keene David G Noakes & Richard D Moccia 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(11):1025-1030
Clove oil has been demonstrated to be an effective, inexpensive anaesthetic and euthanizing agent for a number of fish species, including rainbow trout, used in aquaculture and fisheries research. However, the potential for clove oil to cause perturbations in important plasma hormone concentrations has not been investigated. The effect of anaesthesia and euthanasia in trout with eugenol (the active ingredient in clove oil) on plasma cortisol, glucose, growth hormone (GH) and two thyroid hormones [tri‐iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)] was compared with tricaine methanesulfonate (MS‐222) anaesthesia, and stunning by cranial concussion in two experiments. Effects on blood chemistry were different when comparing the particular anaesthetic method being used. Stunning fish significantly increased plasma cortisol and glucose levels (both P<0.05), while euthanizing fish using either clove oil or MS‐222 had no effect on these hormone levels. In contrast, the levels of GH, T3 and T4 hormones were unaffected regardless of whether fish were euthanized by stunning, MS‐222 or clove oil. Variation in effects between hormones were observed using clove oil eugenol. In fish sampled 10 min after anaesthetizing with 150 mg L?1 of eugenol, cortisol levels were significantly decreased (P<0.03), while there were no differences in either glucose or GH levels. Tri‐iodothyronine and T4 also showed significantly elevated levels (P<0.05) after 10‐min exposure to eugenol. These results highlight the importance of investigating the potential effects of any new anaesthetic or euthanizing compounds on blood plasma parameters, prior to using them in a research setting, or when comparing results to other studies which have utilized alternative anaesthetic compounds. 相似文献
5.
Cortisol and haematological response in sea bream and trout subjected to the anaesthetics clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Clove oil has been tested for anaesthesia induction and recovery time as well as for haematology and stress indicators in the gilthead sea bream and rainbow trout. The former parameters were compared with those generated by 2‐phenoxyethanol. The results showed only slight differences between both anaesthetics in terms of anaesthetic efficiency and physiological effects. In addition, clove oil does not block the cortisol response to stress, as happens with other anaesthetics. 相似文献
6.
Padinhare Kattil Pramod Alappat Ramachandran Thavarool Puthiyedathu Sajeevan Sunesh Thampy & Srinivas Somnath Pai 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(2):309-314
There is a growing commercial interest in the fish, Puntius filamentosus , in the ornamental fish trade in India and elsewhere. The trade is, however, hampered by severe mortalities during transport of the fish owing to insufficient data available on the use of anaesthetics. To resolve this problem, we evaluated the efficacy of two anaesthetics, MS-222 and benzocaine, in sedating P. filamentosus in simulated transportation experiments and used stress response parameters such as cortisol and blood glucose levels to perform assessments. We observed that MS-222 at 40 mg L−1 and benzocaine at 20 mg L−1 were sufficient to induce sedation for 48 h. Above these concentrations, both the anaesthetics adversely affected the fish and resulted in mortalities. Both anaesthetics significantly lowered the blood cortisol and glucose levels compared with the unsedated controls. Importantly, the anaesthetics treatment significantly lowered the post-transport mortality in the fish. The results of the study show that MS-222 and benzocaine could be used as sedatives to alleviate transport-related stress in P. filamentosus to improve their post-transport survival and hence reduce economic loss. 相似文献
7.
The efficacy of clove oil as an anaesthetic for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
The anaesthetic effects of clove-oil-derived eugenol were studied in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Acute lethality and the effects of multiple exposures to eugenol were measured. The estimated 8-96 h LC50 for eugenol was found to be approximately 9 p.p.m. Times to induction and recovery from anaesthesia were measured and compared with MS-222 under similar conditions. Eugenol generally induced anaesthesia faster and at lower concentrations than MS-222. The recovery times for fish exposed to eugenol were six to 10 times longer than in those exposed to similar concentrations of MS-222. Clove oil eugenol was determined to be an acceptable anaesthetic with potential for use in aquaculture and aquatic research. Doses of 40-60 p.p.m. eugenol were found to induce rapid anaesthesia with a relatively short time for recovery in juvenile trout. 相似文献
8.
MS-222对中华鲟和施氏鲟的麻醉试验 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
以20~100 mg/L的MS-222(Tricaine M ethanesu lphonate)在水温15~25℃条件下对中华鲟(Acipensersinensis)和施氏鲟(A.schrenckii)的麻醉效果进行试验,中华鲟或施氏鲟分别达到不同程度的麻醉状态甚至出现死亡。30~40 mg/L的MS-222具有较好的麻醉效果,鱼的活动量明显下降,可保持镇静并维持身体平衡和正常体位,麻醉48 h后,在清水中数分钟内可恢复正常游动状态,适合于长途运输。50~100 mg/L的MS-222对中华鲟和施氏鲟具有较强的麻醉作用,适合于进行短时间的操作,如捉拿、称重、测量、外科手术、体外标记等。中华鲟和施氏鲟在高剂量MS-222的作用下,在进入生物学死亡阶段前,存在一个临床死亡阶段,这个阶段长达1h左右,在这个阶段,对它们进行“人工呼吸”是行之有效的。 相似文献
9.
以MS-222为麻醉剂,在13~14℃水温条件下,用浸浴麻醉方法测试了不同麻醉剂浓度和不同麻醉时间对牙鲆复苏时间、复苏率和24h存活率及长时间麻醉对复苏率的影响以及超有效浓度麻醉剂(60mg/L)麻醉后的抗露干能力。预备实验证明,本试验条件下麻醉剂的有效浓度为50mg/L。实验表明,将麻醉剂浓度从50mg/L提高到200mg/L,供试鱼被麻醉的时间由288s缩短至50s,复苏时间由94s延长至106s;用60、100和200mg/L的麻醉液持续麻醉后,可获得100%复苏率的最长麻醉时间分别为64、32和32min,牙鲆经MS-222麻醉后抗露干时间延长。牙鲆麻醉后复苏过程中存在较大的个体差异,但一旦复苏,牙鲆24h内的存活率可达100%。实验表明,MS-222的合理麻醉浓度为60mg/L,此浓度下最长麻醉时间为64min,麻醉露干时间应低于60min。 相似文献
10.
Josef Velíek Vlastimil Stejskal Jan Kouil & Zdeka Svobodová 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(3):354-361
This study investigated the feasibility of using clove oil, 2-phenoxyethanol, or Propiscin as an alternative to tricaine methane sulphonate (MS 222) as a fish anaesthetic, particularly in regard to reducing fish stress. The biochemical blood profiles of perch Perca fluviatilis L. anaesthetized with either MS 222 (100 mg L−1 ), clove oil (33 mg L−1 ), 2-phenoxyethanol (0.40 mL L−1 ) or Propiscin (1.0 mL L−1 ), and a non-anaesthetized control group were compared. Biochemical profiles were determined from blood samples collected before treatment in controls. For each anaesthetic tested, fish were divided into two groups, one sampled immediately after 10-min anaesthesia and a second, sampled 24 h after 10-min anaesthesia. The values determined in the present study suggested that internal organs and tissues of perch were slightly altered by MS 222, clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol anaesthesia, but not by Propiscin anaesthesia. 相似文献