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1.
采用组织切片技术系统观察和描述了葛氏鲈塘鱧(Perccottus glenii Dybowski)卵巢各时相卵母细胞的形态结构、特征及变化。卵巢切面显示:卵母细胞发育分为6个时相:第Ⅰ时相卵母细胞由处于原始分化阶段的卵原细胞构成;第Ⅱ时相卵母细胞进入滤泡细胞期,胞外形成滤泡细胞膜:第Ⅲ时相卵母细胞由质膜向核膜逐渐积累皮质液泡:第Ⅳ时相卵母细胞主要形成卵黄颗粒:第Ⅴ时相卵母细胞为成熟的卵子,胞内含有丰富的卵黄;第Ⅵ时相卵母细胞是未排出的处于退化吸收阶段的卵细胞,卵膜破裂,卵黄被吸收。根据卵巢切片及性腺系数变化推测葛氏鲈塘鱧属于一次产卵类型。  相似文献   

2.
采用形态学和连续组织切片技术对瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)卵巢的组织形态学进行了研究。结果显示:瓦氏黄颡鱼卵巢发育分为6个时期,卵母细胞发育分为6个时相。从10月至次年的2月份,卵巢处于第Ⅱ期;3—4月份卵巢处于第Ⅲ期;4—5月初卵巢处于第Ⅳ卵期;5—7月卵巢处于第Ⅴ期;8—9月卵巢处于第Ⅵ期。在第2时相的卵母细胞中出现卵黄核和滤泡细胞;第3时相的卵母细胞出现液泡,数目和层数随着卵巢的发育逐渐增加;第4时相的卵母细胞充满卵黄颗粒,并出现了受精孔和精孔细胞。瓦氏黄颡鱼是一次产卵类型。  相似文献   

3.
用兔抗促黄体素生成素受体(LHR)或称绒毛膜促性腺激素受体(CGR)、雌激素受体(ER)和孕激素受体(PR)的抗体对LHR,ER和PR进行免疫组织化学定位。目的在于揭示外源性促性腺激素(鲤鱼脑垂体提取物,CPE和人绒毛膜促性腺激素,hCG)诱发日本鳗鲡卵子发生和卵母细胞成熟的内分泌机制。结果表明,注射激素前后卵巢发育和卵子发生出现了十分显著的变化。卵巢组织学切片观察显示激素处理前鳗鲡卵巢发育处于卵黄发生早期,卵母细胞平均直径(220±0.01)μm。第一次注射这两种激素后10d,实验组卵母细胞中卵黄核分散在核的周围,核仁数量显著增加,多达18~20个左右,而对照组8~10个。第3和4次激素处理后,卵母细胞发育进入卵黄发生早-中期至中期,卵黄颗粒数量增加。第6和7次激素处理后,卵母细胞进入卵黄发生中后期到成熟期,卵母细胞胞质中充满卵黄颗粒,胞径和核径增加,分别为(570±1.39)μm和(128±1.19)μm,而对照组没有变化。其次,免疫组织化学染色结果显示LHR、ER和PR均定位在鳗鲡卵巢中卵母细胞胞质、核膜、核质、卵被膜和体细胞上。这里值得指出的是,从第3次和第4次激素处理后,这三种受体的定位各有特点,L...  相似文献   

4.
为了解四指马鲅(Eleutheronema tetradactylum)的卵巢发育和卵子发生过程,本研究运用组织切片HE染色方法对其卵巢发育的组织结构变化和卵子发生过程中各时相卵母细胞的结构进行观察。结果显示,四指马鲅卵巢为被膜型卵巢,紧贴中肾腹面,两支卵巢前端分离于后端融合,呈"Y"字形。卵子发生过程分可分为5个时相,在II时相中期卵母细胞周围开始出现滤泡细胞,II时相晚期形成单层滤泡细胞,直至III时相中期滤泡细胞层外形成鞘膜细胞层;卵黄核在II时相中期开始出现至III时相早期消失;卵黄泡在III时相早期的细胞核附近及胞质边缘出现;卵黄颗粒在III时相晚期开始出现于卵黄泡之间,并在IV时相早期填充卵黄泡,至IV时相晚期形成卵黄小板。卵巢发育过程分为6个时期,每个时期都存在不同时相的卵母细胞;V期卵巢的卵径呈双峰分布,分别在50.00~100.00 μm和300.00~350.00 μm区间出现峰值。四指马鲅卵巢发育模式为非同步发育-分批产卵类型。  相似文献   

5.
采用常规解剖和组织学切片的方法,对长江上游宜宾江段长鳍吻卵巢发育、卵子发生以及成熟系数的周年变化进行了研究。研究结果表明,长鳍吻卵巢发育分为Ⅵ期,卵母细胞发育分为6个时相,第2时相中期出现卵黄核,2时相晚期迁移至皮质层破碎、消失;第3时相早期卵黄核消失位置开始出现卵黄泡,第3时相中后期放射带出现后卵黄颗粒开始积累;第5时相卵母细胞体积最大,胞径(1805±60.99)μm。卵巢成熟系数周年变化范围为0.78%~18.22%,一年内仅在4月份出现一个峰值,4—5月大部分卵巢处于Ⅳ、Ⅴ期,综合成熟系数测定和性腺组织学观察结果,初步推测长鳍吻繁殖期为3—5月,产卵盛期为4月上旬至5月上旬。  相似文献   

6.
大鳞副泥鳅卵巢发育的组织学研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
采用组织切片方法,对大鳞剐泥鳅的卵巢发育进行了组织学研究,系统地描述了卵巢的形态结构、组织学特征.2个卵巢序有成对,位于体腔中线两侧和消化管的背面,以肠系膜与体壁相连.大鳞副泥鳅卵巢的发育分为Ⅵ个时期,第Ⅱ期卵巢出现产卵板,卵母细胞明显增多,原牛质增长,胞质嗜碱性增强,早期排列紧密,后期排列疏松;第1II期卵巢体积显著增大,扁圆,浅黄色,卵黄颗粒出现在皮质M,单层滤泡层形成,放射带…现;第IV期卵巢体积更加增大,圆筒形,深黄色,能见许多血管分枝;第V期卵巢一般只在繁殖季节达到性成熟的可自然排卵产出体外的雌鳅体内出现;第VI期卵巢呈现排空的滤泡.卵母细胞的发育分为5个时相,在第2时相晚期列第3时相早期,卵母细胞中具有卵黄核.  相似文献   

7.
半滑舌鳎卵巢发育的组织学和形态数量特征研究   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
采用组织学方法系统研究了人工养殖条件下半滑舌鳎亲鱼卵巢的组织发育周年变化特征.结果表明,卵母细胞发育可分为6个时相,卵巢发育分为6期.卵巢不同发育时期都由不同类型的卵母细胞组成,半滑舌鳎为非同步分批多次产卵类型.周年发育过程中,6月龄前的鱼卵巢发育处于第Ⅰ期;9~12月龄卵巢可发育至第Ⅱ期;12月龄半滑舌鳎性腺可发育达到Ⅲ期,并一直保持至24月龄.3龄雌鱼达到性成熟,卵巢可发育至第Ⅳ期;随着水温和光周期的调控,卵巢发育进入成熟期(Ⅴ期),发生水合现象是卵母细胞成熟并准备排卵的信号;产卵结束后卵巢退化至第Ⅵ期,排出的卵母细胞退化吸收,以Ⅲ期卵巢越冬后,卵巢退化至Ⅱ期并持续至下一个繁殖周期.人工养殖条件下,卵巢内存在卵母细胞闭锁现象.性腺周年发育过程中,性腺指数(GSI)在性腺达到成熟期时达到峰值,产卵结束后性腺快速退化,GSI值各月份差异显著(P<0.05),亲鱼性腺重量在卵巢发育成熟过程中一直处于生长状态.亲鱼肝脏指数(HSI)在产卵前7~8月份(性腺达到成熟期前30 d左右)达到最大,表明7~8月份是性腺进行卵子发育、卵黄能量储备的重要时期,亲鱼在产卵前通过积极摄食储备体内能量,肝脏在卵母细胞卵黄积累方面具有重要的生理作用.肥满度(CF)值在繁殖盛期10~11月份达到最大,表现出与GSI类似的变化趋势.  相似文献   

8.
本研究通过组织学观察,描述了黄海高眼鲽(Cleisthenes herzensteini)卵母细胞发育特征及其退化过程。高眼鲽卵母细胞发育分为5个时相:第1时相为卵原细胞,细胞体积小,细胞质少,细胞核明显;第2时相卵母细胞细胞核附近出现卵黄核;第3时相由胞质外缘向内层逐渐产生液泡并生成卵黄颗粒,出现双层滤泡膜;第4时相卵母细胞内充满卵黄,细胞核向动物极移动,放射膜增厚;第5时相细胞核溶解,卵母细胞从滤泡膜中释放出来并发生水合作用;产卵期过后,卵巢发生退化,卵黄颗粒逐渐被吞噬,放射膜溶解断裂。通过比较卵巢中各时相卵母细胞组成比例,表明卵母细胞发育具有非同步性。Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ-Ⅳ'期卵巢内卵径(长径)呈单峰分布,优势粒径组分别为0.45~0.55 mm、0.60~0.65 mm和0.40~0.50 mm;Ⅴ'期卵巢,卵径分布呈双峰型,峰值分别为0.50~0.55 mm和0.90~0.95 mm,水合卵母细胞与卵径较小的小生长期卵母细胞比例增大,呈现出明显的双峰分批产卵型特征。  相似文献   

9.
中华绒螯蟹卵黄发生期卵母细胞和卵泡细胞超微结构观   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过透射电镜技术观察了中华绒螯蟹第二次卵巢发育过程中卵巢的超微结构变化。结果表明:(1)中华绒螯蟹第二次卵巢发育过程中卵黄发生期可分为初期和后期;(2)卵黄发生初期(雌蟹第一次排卵后的16 d内),卵黄生成以卵母细胞内源性合成为主,此时卵母细胞胞质中存在大量内质网囊泡、高尔基体和线粒体,这些细胞器参与胞内卵黄物质的合成。内源性合成后期,卵母细胞膜形态多样,呈现触手状、波浪状和断裂状,为外源合成期做准备。此期卵泡细胞还未向卵母细胞靠近,两类细胞间存在着由淋巴细胞吐出的絮状物;(3)卵黄发生后期,首先为卵泡细胞与卵母细胞的结合阶段(排卵后16~21 d),此后,卵泡细胞胞质中含有大量内质网囊泡、卵黄颗粒和脂滴,卵母细胞与卵泡细胞膜变为链珠状便于物质交换,卵母细胞的卵黄合成能力减少,转由卵泡细胞进行外源性物质吸收和卵黄物质合成(21~36 d);(4)卵黄发生结束后,双层卵膜形成,卵黄体和脂肪滴均匀分布在卵母细胞胞质中。  相似文献   

10.
中华绒螯蟹卵黄发生期卵母细胞和卵泡细胞超微结构观察   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过透射电镜技术观察了中华绒螯蟹第二次卵巢发育过程中卵巢的超微结构变化.结果表明:(1)中华绒螯蟹第二次卵巢发育过程中卵黄发生期可分为初期和后期;(2)卵黄发生初期(雌蟹第一次排卵后的16 d内),卵黄生成以卵母细胞内源性合成为主,此时卵母细胞胞质中存在大量内质网囊泡、高尔基体和线粒体,这些细胞器参与胞内卵黄物质的合成.内源性合成后期,卵母细胞膜形态多样,呈现触手状、波浪状和断裂状,为外源合成期做准备.此期卵泡细胞还未向卵母细胞靠近,两类细胞间存在着由淋巴细胞吐出的絮状物;(3)卵黄发生后期,首先为卵泡细胞与卵母细胞的结合阶段(排卵后16~21 d),此后,卵泡细胞胞质中含有大量内质网囊泡、卵黄颗粒和脂滴,卵母细胞与卵泡细胞膜变为链珠状便于物质交换,卵母细胞的卵黄合成能力减少,转由卵泡细胞进行外源性物质吸收和卵黄物质合成(21~36 d);(4)卵黄发生结束后,双层卵膜形成,卵黄体和脂肪滴均匀分布在卵母细胞胞质中.  相似文献   

11.
东海鳓卵巢发育的组织学观察   总被引:21,自引:3,他引:18       下载免费PDF全文
倪海儿 《水产学报》2001,25(4):T001-T002
于光镜于对东海鳓卵巢切片作了组织学观察,结果表明,5月-7月为东海鳓的繁殖期,其卵巢在Ⅳ期、Ⅴ期、Ⅵ-Ⅳ‘期和Ⅴ‘期,8月-9月鳓卵巢处在产后休整阶段;10月-翌年2月为越冬Ⅱ期卵巢;3月-4月卵巢处在产前发育阶段,在小生长期,卵核的体积较核质的体积增大快,核质比大,大小长期,随着卵黄物质的积累,卵母细胞体积快速增加, 比下降。在鳓卵母细胞发育中,曾见有两层卵膜结构,但接近成熟的卵母仅有一层卵膜。东海鳓的产卵方式为短期分批产卵类型。在一个生殖周期内,一般产卵2次。  相似文献   

12.
采用光镜和透射电镜技术观察多刺裸腹溞(Moina macrocopa)孤雌溞卵子的发生过程。根据卵母细胞细胞核的形态、卵黄的合成、积累情况及核物质的形态变化等观察结果,将卵子发生分为3个时期:卵原细胞期、卵母细胞期和成熟卵母细胞期。卵原细胞核大,胞质层薄,有少量线粒体分布,核物质浓缩为一团;卵母细胞发育的早期和中期细胞体积增大,细胞质层增厚,线粒体迅速增多,细胞核变圆,核物质分散成多块;后期卵母细胞胞质中开始出现大量卵黄颗粒和少量脂滴,细胞核边缘波浪化,线粒体空泡化,其中卵黄合成初期,核物质重新聚集在细胞核中央,在卵黄合成中期又分散开来;成熟卵母细胞质中充满卵黄颗粒,呈强嗜酸性,细胞核的形态呈不规则状,核物质分散。多刺裸腹溞生殖腺的外部形态随着生殖周期的变化而不同。在孤雌溞的整个生活史中生殖腺内卵子的发育经历了“同步一不同步一局部同步”的发育模式。发现1龄幼溞生殖腺中不存在卵原细胞,成龄溞的生殖腺有多个发育时期的生殖细胞并存。同时在亚显微水平上发现卵黄主要由线粒体演变而来,也通过吞饮作用吸收成熟的卵黄颗粒,内源与外源性共同作用形成卵黄。[中国水产科学,2006,13(4):547—554]  相似文献   

13.
养殖金乌贼卵子发生和卵巢发育的组织学观察   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
为了深入了解金乌贼(Sepia esculenta Hoyle)的生殖生理特性,本研究采用解剖学方法及组织切片技术,观察和描述了金乌贼卵巢形态和卵子各个时相结构特征及其变化规律。研究结果表明,金乌贼卵子发生过程的主要特征表现为,卵子成熟之前滤泡细胞一直存在且伴随着其结构变化,滤泡细胞解体与卵黄物质出现同步发生,卵黄物质从无到有再到大量积累直至充满整个卵母细胞,细胞核则随着滤泡细胞内折逐渐发生偏移直至最后消失。研究还发现金乌贼卵巢内卵子发生不同步且形态差异显著,未成熟的卵子粘连在卵巢基质上,依次环布于卵巢基质周围,越靠近中心,卵母细胞发育程度越低;成熟后的卵子游离在卵巢腔中,经过输卵管排出体外。根据卵巢内卵子的大小和形态、滤泡细胞形态及卵黄形成情况,将金乌贼卵子发生分为增殖期(卵原细胞期)、小生长期(无滤泡期,单层滤泡期,双层滤泡期)、大生长期(滤泡内折期,卵黄形成早期,卵黄形成晚期)、成熟期、退化吸收期共5个时期9个时相。卵巢发育分期则是以卵子时相为基础,根据卵巢的外观形态、性腺系数以及切面上优势卵子的时相,把卵巢分为Ⅰ~Ⅵ共6个时期。金乌贼卵巢发育和卵子发生的动态观察与描述,对丰富头足类繁殖生物学理论及提升人工繁殖技术都具有重要意义。  相似文献   

14.
曼氏无针乌贼的卵子发生及卵巢发育   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
采用组织学方法对人工养殖曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella maindroni)卵子发生、卵巢发育周期进行组织学、细胞学观察。根据细胞大小、胞核形态及卵母细胞与滤泡细胞的关系,将曼氏无针乌贼卵子发生划分为卵原细胞期、卵母细胞期、成熟期和退化吸收期4个阶段,并阐述了各期卵母细胞的组织学特征。曼氏无针乌贼卵子发生过程具有种的特异性,大约孵化出膜12 d的乌贼可见有卵原细胞,此后进入增殖期。卵母细胞属于典型的滤泡型,发育过程中同时存在同步性与异同步性;卵母细胞无初级卵膜,只有次级卵膜和三级卵膜,次级卵膜由滤泡细胞分泌,三级卵膜由输卵管腺、缠卵腺以及墨囊分泌物共同构成。通过对卵巢的外观形态和组织学观察,将曼氏无针乌贼卵巢发育划分为6个时期。  相似文献   

15.
细鳞鱼的卵黄发生   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
从发育生物学—卵黄发生角度,通过光镜和透射电镜对细鳞鱼(Brachymystax lenok)卵黄发生进行观察。结果表明,细鳞鱼的卵黄发生主要集中在初级卵母细胞阶段完成,可分为4个特征时期:初级生长期,皮质泡期,卵黄积累期,卵黄积累完成期。当卵母细胞进入初级生长早期,卵子发生特征物——类核周体出现;进入皮质泡期,其主要特征是皮质泡、卵黄外膜和巴尔比亚尼体结构;处于卵黄积累期,位于其外周细胞质附近会出现卵黄颗粒;进入卵黄积累完成期,卵黄颗粒不断融合增大,占据细胞绝大部分。以上结果为细鳞鱼的卵巢发育分期提供了理论基础,并深入探讨其发育的规律性、特殊性和复杂性,从而指导细鳞鱼的人工繁殖、选育种工作及野生群体的资源保护和合理利用。  相似文献   

16.
In this article, an in vitro investigation was carried out to ascertain the roles of hormones and growth factor in the inductions of oocyte maturation and steroidogenesis of the postvitellogenic follicles in an Indian estuarine grey mullet, Mugil cephalus L. Oocyte maturation was evaluated by scoring the germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) percent of the postvitellogenic follicles. All the sex [17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnane-3-one (DHP), estradiol 17β (E2), progesterone (P), 17α-OH progesterone (17-OH-P) and testosterone] and other [bovine-insulin and salmon-calcitonin, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), luteinizing hormone (LH) or hCG+DHP] hormones and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) significantly increased GVBD% in 9 h culture. DHP had a maximum effect (75 %) compared to other effectors. Some effectors (hCG: 82.14 %, LH: 78.94 %, hCG plus DHP: 81.81 %, E2: 80 % and IGF-I: 74.19 %) including DHP (79 %) further increased GVBD% in 15-h culture. All the hormones (except DHP) and IGF-I increased DHP, E2 and testosterone productions by the postvitellogenic ovarian follicles in vitro. DHP and testosterone productions were increased with the increase of incubation time from 9 h through 15 h. E2 production was not further increased beyond 12 h. DHP production was highest by hCG compared to other effectors. The hCG of all the test compounds was most effective in both the induction of GVBD% and steroid production. DHP is the most potent inducer of oocyte maturation in Indian estuarine flat head grey mullet. Involvement of estrogen in mullet oocyte maturation is indicated. hCG, like DHP, is equally potent and induces oocyte maturation via DHP production in vitro. hCG with DHP has synergistic action on oocyte maturation in mullet ovary. Interplay of several hormones (hCG, LH, and probably E2 and testosterone) and IGF-I on oocyte maturation is suggested in the mullet.  相似文献   

17.
In the Ivory Coast, grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) have been integrated in the tilapia-based polyculture in order to increase pond productivity. In the tropical conditions prevailing there, female cycles seemed disrupted. We describe oogenesis in these conditions using histological observations, monitoring of individual cycles with intraovarian biopsies, endocrinal monitoring (development of a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for vitellogenin (Vg), measurement of plasma oestradiol-17β (E2) and testosterone (T)) and comparison with grass carp raised in Poland. We noted that oogenesis was blocked in all females at the migrating germinal vesicle stage, precluding ovulation or spawning without artificial induction. High rates of atypical post-vitellogenic oocytes (translucent, not filled with yolk granules) were observed in many females. Female individual cycles also displayed atypical features: cycles were sometimes (10% of females) blocked at the beginning of vitellogenesis (BV), for females displaying abnormally low E2 (0.5 ng/ml) and Vg (30 μg/ml) levels compared to “normal” females (1.4 ng/ml and 223 μg/ml, respectively). The duration of the cycles was highly variable among females (a few days to several weeks). Sexual cycles were unsynchronised (all the ovarian stages could be found for all seasons) and the number of females at the end of vitellogenesis (EV) was low (<40% most of the year). These characteristics raise problems for artificial induction of spawning in small-scale hatcheries: a large stock of broodfish is required as is regular checking of female broodstock with intraovarian biopsies to select responsive females.  相似文献   

18.
Ovarian developmental stages and serum steroid hormone levels were examined at six different times of day (0100, 0600, 1000, 1300, 1600, 2000 h) in a marine teleost, the Japanese whiting Sillago japonica, which has an asynchronous-type ovary containing oocytes at various stages of development and spawns every day during a period ranging up to three months. The largest oocytes in the ovaries at the active vitellogenic or post-vitellogenic stages were found between 0100 and 1300 h. Oocyte maturation indicated by germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) occurred at 1600 h, and ovulated oocytes were observed in the ovaries collected at 2000 h. These processes were accompanied by a significant daily change in serum steroid hormone levels. The serum level of estradiol-17β showed a peak in fish with mature oocytes sampled at 1600 h. In these fish, the second-largest oocytes in the ovaries were at the initial stage of vigorous vitellogenesis, the secondary yolk stage. Therefore the highest level of serum estradiol-17β was considered to be due to the second-largest oocytes. Testosterone levels remained low and constant throughout the experimental period. The serum levels of 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17α,20β-diOHprog) peaked at 1600 h at which time all fish had mature oocytes. These results indicate that the Japanese whiting possesses a diurnal rhythm of oocyte development including vitellogenesis, oocyte maturation and ovulation, and further suggest that daily cycles in oocyte growth and maturation which simultaneously take place in an ovary are regulated by diurnal secretions of estradiol-17β and the maturation-inducing steroid, 17α,20β-diOHprog.  相似文献   

19.
用海星鞘神经提取液和二硫苏糖醇对刺参卵母细胞进行了体外人工促熟研究。结果显示,二硫苏糖醇对刺参卵母细胞具有明显的促熟作用。刺参卵母细胞包被在滤泡中发育,卵母细胞通过动物极的卵突起连接到单层细胞构成滤泡膜上,充分发育的卵母细胞处于生发泡期,染色质凝集在核仁周围,处于生发泡期的卵母细胞在海水中不会自发成熟。用二硫苏糖醇处理充分发育的卵母细胞20min,卵母细胞的生发泡开始移动,并锚定在卵母细胞的动物极,继而出现生发泡破裂。此后,减数分裂重新启动,第一、二极体分别排出。但海星鞘神经提取液对刺参卵母细胞没有促熟作用。实验表明,二硫苏糖醇浓度在10-5~10-1mol/L范围内,均可促使刺参卵母细胞发生生发泡破裂,10-2mol/L时诱导卵母细胞成熟率可达90%以上。  相似文献   

20.
Based on the light microscopic observations of cells' sizes, chromatin patterns, amount of lipid droplets and yolk granules, the female germ cells could be classified into four different phases, which include 1) oogonia (Oog), 2) primary oocytes (pOc), 3) secondary oocytes (sOc), and 4) mature oocyte (mOc). Oog are small oval-shaped cells with irregular-shaped nuclei sizing 4–6 μm in diameter. They rest on the connective tissue germinal cord at the tip of each ovarian pouch (lobule). Oogonia increase their number through mitotic division, and the daughter cells move into ovarian pouch where they undergo first meiotic division to become primary oocytes, which have various steps of 1st meiotic prophase accumulating at the innermost zone of the ovarian pouch. The primary oocytes are small oval-shaped cells (8.5–10 μm in diameter) with large nuclei containing chromatin in various states of condensation that finally transform into chromatids. Their nuclei are surrounded by thin rim of faint blue-stained cytoplasm. The secondary oocytes derived from 2nd meiosis and comprise five steps: Oc1 and Oc2, classified as previtellogenic oocytes, Oc3 and Oc4, classified as vitellogenic oocytes, and mature oocyte (mOc) The zones of ovarian pouch are defined based on the accumulation of various steps of developing oocytes, namely, oogenic, previtellogenic, vitellogenic and mature zones, respectively. The ovarian cycle is divided into five stages based on the number and types of oocytes present in each stage. Stage 0 and I are spawn and spent stages. Stage II and III are proliferative and premature stages, while stage IV is mature stage. During ovarian stage I, each ovarian pouch contains primarily oogonia, primary oocytes, Oc1 and a few Oc2. In stage II, the pouch contains mainly Oc2 and Oc3, while in stage III the predominant cells are Oc4. Mature oocytes appear synchronously, in stage IV. The ovulating mature oocytes pass through the thin disrupted wall of ovarian pouch into subcapsular space, that leads into the oviduct situated on the ventro-lateral side of the ovarian lobe. At spawning, the ovarian pouches break down and only connective sheaths and hemolymph sinuses remain. The germinal cords and islets of oogonia remain in the central area of stage 0 ovary. The ovarian capsule, including the muscular layer, becomes attenuated as the ovary progresses from stage 0 to IV. The hemolymph vessels become highly convoluted in the central area of the ovary, and they branch radially into smaller hemolymph sinuses around each oogenic pouch.  相似文献   

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