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1.
2011年7月和10月对汉阳“六湖连通”工程的5个湖泊(后官湖、三角湖、南太子湖、墨水湖和龙阳湖)沉积物磷含量进行调查,研究其表层沉积物磷含量的空间分布和季节差异,以了解汉阳湖群的沉积物污染特征,为湖泊污染控制和生态修复提供依据.结果表明,后官湖沉积物磷含量最低,为(0.20±0.03) g/kg,龙阳湖最高,为(0.64±0.11) g/kg,二者差异显著(P<0.05),三角湖、南太子湖和墨水湖沉积物磷含量差异不显著(P>0.05).除后官湖外,汉阳湖群沉积物磷含量季节差异不显著(P>0.05).汉阳湖群沉积物磷含量具明显的空间分布特征,这种分布格局主要受外源污染输入的影响.相关分析表明,沉积物全磷与水体总氮、总磷和电导率呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与水体透明度呈极显著负相关(P<0.01).  相似文献   

2.
锦江河沉积物磷形态与吸附行为及磷释放风险   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
研究沉积物磷的吸附参数、形态及其含量,揭示锦江河及其支流沉积物磷吸附行为的变化特征及其环境意义,阐明锦江河及其支流富营养化风险。2016年1月,在锦江河及其支流9个样点用彼得森采泥器采集表层沉积物,测定磷吸附平衡浓度(EPC_0),计算沉积物磷吸附指数(PSI)、磷吸附饱和度(DPS)以及其衍生出的磷释放风险指数(ERI)。结果表明,锦江河沉积物4种形态磷含量顺序为CaCO_3~PFe(OOH)~PASOPP_(alk),CaCO_3~P是沉积物磷的主要存在形态;钙结合态磷(CaCO_3~P)和磷最大吸附量(Q_(max))显著正相关;沉积物中PSI为11.24~31.37(mg P/100 g)/(μmol/L),平均值为21.28(mg P/100 g)/(μmol/L),且PSI与Q_(max)显著正相关;DPS值在水平方向上和垂直方向上的分布均与PSI值的分布相似;EPC_0在各支流分别从上游到下游逐渐减小,下游的沉积物磷释放潜能相对上游较小;EPC_0的垂直分布表明,对大多数河段来说,疏浚并不能减小沉积物磷释放风险;所有采样点的ERI在水平方向上均超过了25%,各采样点沉积物磷潜在释放诱发富营养化的风险均为高度风险。  相似文献   

3.
有机质对大型富营养化浅水湖泊沉积物磷吸附特征的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以大型浅水湖泊(太湖和巢湖)为研究对象,系统分析了沉积物有机质(OM)含量和组成、磷吸附参数、磷形态及间隙水溶解反应性磷(SRP)浓度在水平方向上的分布.吸附解吸平衡浓度(EPC0)与SRP浓度的比较结果表明,在太湖北部与巢湖南淝河入湖口等污染较严重的区域,沉积物仍表现出吸附磷的功能;OM与土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)、磷吸附指数和碱性磷酸酶活性均显著正相关,有机质分解所产生的小分子物质可增加磷的吸附容量;添加小分子有机质的室内模拟试验进一步证实了上述假设,糖类主要影响磷的吸附能,而氨基酸主要增加最大吸附量.有机质自身及其降解产物以不同方式影响沉积物对磷的吸附能力,并据此调节湖泊富营养化过程.  相似文献   

4.
为探讨影响典型湖泊边缘区藻类生长的主要水质因子,于2011年7月测定了蚌湖的叶绿素a含量,并对其分布特征及相关性进行分析。结果表明,叶绿素a(Chl.a)浓度的变化范围为0.55~1.56mg/m3,表现出一定的空间差异性,以入湖口处和湖尾区最大。总氮(TN)为0.699~2.596mg/L,以湖尾区最高;总磷(TP)浓度整体较低,最大值仅为0.0318mg/L;N/P浓度比均大于30,表明蚌湖为磷限制性湖泊。根据修正的卡尔森营养状态指数,丰水期蚌湖均处于贫-中营养水平,其中湖尾区条件最适宜藻类繁殖。由相关性分析结果可知,TN、TP、pH、COD和NO-3-N为藻类生长的主要影响因子;其中,Chl.a含量与COD呈显著正相关,一定浓度范围内的COD增长会促进藻类生长繁殖;不同于国内大多数淡水湖泊,Chl.a含量与pH值呈显著负相关,主要原因是蚌湖水体碱度较高,大部分区域pH值超过了藻类生长的最适范围。  相似文献   

5.
研究不同沉水植物对水体磷的富集和生物沉积能力,为湖泊生态修复中沉水植物优势种的选择提供理论依据。研究的沉水植物为菹草(Potamogeton crispus)和粉绿狐尾藻[Myriophyllum aquaticum(Vell)Verdc],每个锥形瓶4~5株,鲜重约1 g;锥形瓶中装有含无机碳和磷的培养液200 mL。外加无机碳为NaHCO_3,添加浓度1.5 mmol/L;无机磷为K_2HPO_4,添加浓度0.1 mg/L。添加药品后溶液的pH值通过1 M的HCl和1 M的NaOH调整到8.2~8.3。试验时间为1周,培养结束后检测植物全磷、植株灰分磷及灰分磷的组成。结果表明:菹草培养12 h后,溶液pH显著上升,pH漂移值显著高于粉绿狐尾藻;无机碳含量低于粉绿狐尾藻培养液,无机碳浓度显著性影响了△pH和溶液最后的无机碳含量,但磷浓度对△pH和无机碳含量无显著影响。无机碳添加和磷水平均显著影响了菹草的灰分总磷,但无机碳的贡献百分比(55.34%)高于磷(26.73%);无机碳添加显著影响了粉绿狐尾藻灰分总磷,而磷水平显著影响植物干重全磷。无机碳和磷浓度均显著影响了2种沉水植物灰分磷中H_2O-P百分比,但无机碳的影响占比更高(菹草46.16%,粉绿狐尾藻75.78%)。在试验处理条件下,2种植物的钙磷均占比最高,能通过降低水体磷含量抑制浮游植物的生长。  相似文献   

6.
天然水体的溶解无机磷与水体初级生产力有着密切关系。如果溶解无机磷含量低于限制水域初级生产力的水平,就会刺激磷酸酶的含量升高(Befman,1970等)。磷酸酶可分为由细胞膜产生的碱性磷酸酶和细胞内溶体产生的酸性磷酸酶两种,它们均能水解溶解有机体所含有的磷酸单脂,使之成为溶解无机磷而满足藻类代谢磷的生理需求(Boavida与Heath,1984等)。  相似文献   

7.
为了揭示无机氮和有机氮对沉积物磷释放的贡献,在武汉市青菱湖草型湖区和藻型湖区分别采集沉积物,进行添加不同形态不同浓度氮(0.5、2.5 g酪蛋白,0.02、0.2 g氯化铵)的培养实验。结果显示,培养结束时,草、藻型湖区沉积物加2.5 g酪蛋白的处理组上覆水中溶解反应性磷(SRP)浓度分别为对照组的64.88倍和5.61倍,而加氯化铵处理组与对照组上覆水中SRP浓度无显著差异;加氯化铵处理组上覆水溶解氧(DO)浓度分别为各自对照组的80%左右,而加酪蛋白处理组上覆水DO浓度分别为各自对照组的10%和4%;整个培养过程中,草、藻型湖区沉积物均为加2.5 g酪蛋白处理组的沉积物碱性磷酸酶活性(APA)稍高于其他处理组相应值,但无显著性差异;草、藻型湖区沉积物加2.5 g酪蛋白处理组磷平衡浓度(EPC0)分别为对照组的2.08倍和1.77倍;而加氯化铵处理组和加0.5 g酪蛋白处理组沉积物EPC0与对照组相应值无显著差异。研究表明,有机氮的富集会增加沉积物磷的释放,而无机氮对沉积物磷释放的贡献不大;有机氮对沉积物磷释放的影响是由形成厌氧的状态、胞外磷酸酶的分泌、改变沉积物磷吸附行为等多种因素综合作用的结果。  相似文献   

8.
哑铃湾网箱养殖海区表层沉积物磷的含量特征   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
在哑铃湾不同养殖历史网箱下、距离网箱50m和100m以及对照海区共布设8个采样点,于2002年4月~2003年1月分四季采集表层沉积物样品,对沉积物中总磷、无机磷和有机磷进行了测定,分析了调查区磷的空间分布和季节变化特征。结果表明:哑铃湾海水养殖网箱下沉积物磷含量明显高于对照点,沉积物中总磷是对照点的3.71~9.99倍。养殖历史越长,沉积物中的磷含量越高;网箱养殖引起的沉积物磷累积仅限于网箱下及距离网箱50m范围内,对距离100m以外的海区影响较小;沉积物中的无机磷占70%以上,以无机磷为主;养殖历史较长的东升村养殖区沉积物磷的季节变化明显,有机磷的变化与养殖活动密切相关。  相似文献   

9.
海州湾海洋牧场表层沉积物中磷形态及释放通量   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
黄宏  罗娜  张硕 《水产学报》2020,44(6):959-968
为了解海州湾海洋牧场建设对沉积物-水界面磷酸盐交换的影响,于2017年5月采集了海州湾海洋牧场区表层沉积物及对应站点上覆水、间隙水等样品。采用SMT法(standard measurement test)分级提取磷的不同形态,包括可交换态磷(Ex-P)、铁铝态结合磷(Fe/Al-P)、钙结合态磷(Ca-P)并测定其浓度,结合室内磷通量模拟实验,尝试探索沉积物-水界面磷交换通量。结果显示,海州湾海洋牧场区表层沉积物中总磷(TP)浓度为392.44~463.46μg/g,IP浓度为219.21~282μg/g,Ca-P浓度为117.73~130.07μg/g。无机磷(IP)是磷的主要赋存形态;分级提取的磷形态浓度顺序为Ca-P Ex-P Fe/Al-P,对照区各种磷形态浓度大于鱼礁区,上覆水中的各种形态磷浓度均高于间隙水。室内模拟实验显示,沉积物中各种形态磷的浓度增加,IP仍为磷的主要赋存形态;沉积物-水界面TP、TDP(可溶性总磷酸盐)、PO_4~(3-)(可溶性正磷酸盐)的交换通量分别为-0.53~-0.05、-0.15~-0.01、-0.03~-0.29 mmol/(m~2·d)。实验初期交换速率较快,然后趋于平缓,与对照区相比,海洋牧场区磷的交换通量稍大,但都表现为从上覆水体向沉积物中迁移,即沉积物中的磷表现为上覆水的汇。  相似文献   

10.
以大型浅水湖泊(太湖和巢湖)为研究对象,系统分析了沉积物有机质(OM)含量和组成、磷吸附参数、磷形态及间隙水溶解反应性磷(SRP)浓度在水平方向上的分布。吸附解吸平衡浓度(EPC0)与SRP浓度的比较结果表明,在太湖北部与巢湖南淝河入湖口等污染较严重的区域,沉积物仍表现出吸附磷的功能;OM与土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)、磷吸附指数和碱性磷酸酶活性均显著正相关,有机质分解所产生的小分子物质可增加磷的吸附容量;添加小分子有机质的室内模拟试验进一步证实了上述假设,糖类主要影响磷的吸附能,而氨基酸主要增加最大吸附量。有机质自身及其降解产物以不同方式影响沉积物对磷的吸附能力,并据此调节湖泊富营养化过程。  相似文献   

11.
Sediment cores were collected from 7-yr-old, 20- to 25-yr-old, and 30- to 35-yr-old ponds at a bait minnow farm at Lonoke, Arkansas, USA. Average depths of soft sediment (S and M horizons) were 8 cm in young ponds, 12 em in intermediate-age ponds, and 26 cm in old ponds. Organic carbon concentrations in sediment were low to moderate (1–2%) and carbon to nitrogen ratios were wide (20–50). Phosphorus and sulfur concentrations increased as ponds aged. Most of the phosphorus (78.9%) was in organic form, but sulfur was primarily inorganic in form (presumably iron sulfide). There appears to be two major problems associated with sediment accumulation over time. Deep, soft sediment interferes with pond management and especially with harvest. High phosphorus concentration in old sediment may contribute to dense phytoplankton blooms by supplying phosphorus to the water. Sodium nitrate treatment did not increase the rate of sediment organic matter decomposition in laboratory trials and would not be expected to enhance the degradation of sediment organic matter in ponds. The best method for improving the condition of bottoms in older bait minnow ponds probably is to remove the sediment.  相似文献   

12.
以桑沟湾扇贝和海带两个养殖海区的柱状沉积物为研究对象,采用连续提取法将沉积物中磷的赋存形态分为交换态磷(Ex-P)、铁结合态磷(Fe-P)、自生磷(Au-P)、碎屑磷(De-P)和有机磷(Or-P),并分析了各形态磷的垂直分布特征;利用沉积物年代序列测定的结果,结合桑沟湾水产养殖历史,探讨了近200年来桑沟湾养殖海域沉积物中磷形态的含量变化情况,并进一步分析了该区域的生物有效磷。结果表明,柱状沉积物中上层各形态磷的含量高于底层,表明养殖活动使桑沟湾表层沉积物中的磷含量增大。各形态磷的含量在贝壳沉积区内变化幅度均较大,Or-P是沉积物中磷的主要形态;扇贝养殖区沉积物中的总磷(TP)、Or-P和海带养殖区沉积物中的TP、Or-P在沉积时间序列上分布基本一致,其含量变化与各时期工业生产和海水养殖活动密切相关;两个区域柱状沉积物中潜在生物有效性磷占总磷的百分比为61.2%和71.0%。沉积物中Ex-P的含量对该海域的初级生产力的影响较大。  相似文献   

13.
监测苦草生长过程中根系及沉积物中磷含量和形态的时空变化,探讨苦草根系在生长过程中对沉积物磷时空分布的影响。聚乙烯塑料桶中铺设沉积物为暴发水华水体的底泥,厚度10cm,干重4 821.00g,底泥铺设完毕后缓慢注入100L水(TP 0.02mg/L)。试验桶种植2g苦草休眠芽。沉积物样品磷形态分析采用国际通用的SMT法,在采集沉积物同时采集苦草样品,测定根系生长情况及根系在沉积物中的分布。结果表明:苦草在生长过程中能降低沉积物各层总磷(TP)、NaOH提取磷(NaOH-P)、HCl提取磷(HCl-P)、无机磷(IP)和有机磷(OP)的含量,沉积物各形态磷含量的下降速率为:NaOH-PHCl-PIP=OP;随着苦草根系的生长,在苦草根系分布区沉积物中各形态磷的含量明显低于非根系分布区。苦草根系通过对环境因子氧化还原电位和pH的改变从而影响根系周围沉积物磷的含量,沉积物中各形态磷含量随着苦草根系面积的增加而减小。  相似文献   

14.
The effect of phytase supplementation to a canola-meal-based diet on phosphorus utilisation in Atlantic salmon was studied in a two-by-two factorial design. Diets were prepared without phytase or inorganic phosphorus supplementation, with phytase, with supplemental inorganic phosphorus and with both phytase and supplemental inorganic phosphorus. Available phosphorus was set below requirement and the total phosphorus set to meet requirements for salmonids. After 12 weeks, there were no significant differences in survival, feed intake and weight gain between diets. There was an interaction effect between supplements on bone ash, bone phosphorus and whole-body phosphorus so that adding phytase, inorganic phosphorus, or both resulted in significantly (P<0.05) higher values for these parameters. An interaction effect was also observed for phosphorus digestibility, phosphorus retention efficiency and phosphorus load. Phosphorus digestibility and retention efficiency were significantly (P<0.05) higher, and phosphorus load was significantly (P<0.05) lower in fish fed the phytase supplemented diet compared with diets containing supplemental inorganic phosphorus. In conclusion, phytase increased phosphorus availability, therefore reducing the need to add inorganic phosphorus and reducing phosphorus waste from plant-meal-based diets for Atlantic salmon.  相似文献   

15.
沉积物中磷的富集及其形态学特征是导致城市水体富营养化的重要因素之一。2016年-2017年对广州市8个主要城市湖泊花都湖、白云湖、东山湖、流花湖、天河湖、海珠湖、荔湾湖、麓湖表层沉积物的总磷(TP)及各形态磷的含量与分布特征进行了研究,并运用单因子污染指数法和生物有效性指数法对沉积物磷污染程度进行了评价。结果表明:广州市湖泊表层沉积物TP含量范围为368~5276 mg/kg,平均值为3277 mg/kg,其分布特征表现为东山湖>白云湖>花都湖>流花湖>天河湖>荔湾湖>麓湖>海珠湖。TP中以无机磷(IP)为主要存在形式,占TP含量的67.56%~87.44%,IP中又以铁结合态磷(Fe-P)为主,占TP含量的32.77%~60.24%,均值为42.88%。相关分析表明TP与Fe-P和有机磷OP,Fe-P与De-P,Ca-P与OP呈显著的正相关关系,表明其来源的相似性。通过分析可将广州市湖泊分为受珠江干流直接影响、接纳河涌入水、相对封闭和无明显外源输入的四类湖泊,表明输入源是决定广州市湖泊沉积物磷含量与分布特征的主要因素,工业废水、生活污水是主要污染源。单因子污染指数与生物有效性指数评价结果显示广州市湖泊沉积物整体处于重度磷污染水平。本研究对于科学评估广州市城区湖泊环境状况、潜在生态风险,有针对性的进行生态修复具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

16.
沉积环境对鱼类网箱养殖的响应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
网箱养殖是鱼类集约化养殖的主要方式,近年来得到大力发展,但是网箱养殖也带来诸多的环境问题。本文从沉积环境改变的角度阐述了网箱养殖对环境的影响,包括底层水环境要素、底质理化环境要素和底栖生物环境要素对网箱养殖的响应,并探讨了有机负荷的消减对策。网箱养殖区水环境中溶解氧(DO)通常下降,而化学耗氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH4-N)和无机磷(D IP)增多;底泥沉积物中N、P、硫化物、有机质等大量富集,其中富集现象最明显的是P、硫化物和NH4-N,其次是总氮(TN)和有机质;一般情况下,网箱养殖区底栖生物尤其是多毛类增加,而当污染严重时,会使底栖生物缺失。有机负荷的消减对策包括收集残饵粪便等沉积物、利用生物方法去除有机碎屑和加强养殖管理提高饲料利用率等。  相似文献   

17.
Integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) systems are designed mainly for efficient use of resources. Substrates added to aquaculture ponds provide space for periphyton to settle and recover nutrients, making these nutrients available to the species being reared. The present study is centered on the phosphorus budget, analyzing the main ecological compartments of IMTA systems in earthen ponds stocked with Amazon River prawn, Macrobrachium amazonicum, and Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, with or without different added substrates. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three treatments (without a substrate, with a geotextile fabric substrate, and with a bamboo substrate) and four replications. Phosphorus entered the systems mainly in tilapia feed (ca. 50–61%), inlet water (ca. 17–27%), and fertilizer (ca. 6–7%). Input of phosphorus from other compartments ranged from 1.5 to 1.9%. Most phosphorus was accumulated at the pond bottom as sediment (ca. 60–68%) and fish biomass (ca. 18–26%), or discharged in the outlet water (ca. 7–10%). Feeding is the main driver for the distribution of phosphorus in the ponds. Levels of phosphorus retained in reared animals (20–28%) were higher in these IMTA systems than in tilapia and prawn monocultures (reported as 10–20% and 10–13%, respectively). Nonetheless, the present data showed that the addition of different types of substrates might not improve the recovery of phosphorus in animal biomass as initially supposed. Even so, these IMTA systems decreased the amount of phosphorus released in effluents, and this decrease was enhanced by the addition of substrates, reducing the impact on the receiving waterbodies.  相似文献   

18.
Phosphorus budgets were prepared for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus ponds at Auburn, Alabama, that received one of five diets ranging from 0.60 to 1.03% phosphorus. Fish production did not differ ( P > 0.05) among diets. There were few differences among treatments with respect to soluble reactive phosphorus, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll a concentrations or gross primary productivity. Phosphorus loss in effluents when ponds were drained for harvest did not differ among treatments ( P > 0.05). Phosphorus removed from ponds in fish at harvest and the amounts of phosphorus adsorbed by bottom soils increased as dietary phosphorus concentration increased (P < 0.05). Low-phosphorus diets did not decrease phytoplankton productivity or improve effluent quality. Uptake of phosphorus by bottom soils is a major factor controlling phosphorus concentrations in pond water. Low-phosphorus diets can be beneficial in catfish pond management by reducing the phosphorus load to bottom soils and conserving their ability to adsorb phosphorus.  相似文献   

19.
A study evaluating nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics was carried out using biofloc technology (BFT) systems employed to raise Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles. The study was carried out for 42 d in three fiberglass tanks with 210 L useful volume with no water exchange. Salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, nutrients, suspended solids, and chlorophyll‐a were monitored every 3 d. At the completion of the experiment, the shrimp had absorbed 39.1 and 35.0% of the total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs, respectively, while 39.0% of the N and 34.1% of the P remained in the system in dissolved forms. The dominant process of ammonium immobilization in the system was oxidation by nitrifying bacteria. On Day 42, the nitrate concentration represented more than 80% of the total dissolved inorganic nitrogen in all tanks. However, most of the dissolved nitrogen present in the tanks (80%) was organic. Phosphate and organic nitrogen and phosphorus continuously accumulated in the system throughout the experiment. The removal of these nutrients should be the focus of future studies because they may enhance the growth of harmful algae in tanks and in the water bodies that collect the post‐crop wastewater.  相似文献   

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