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1.
中华绒螯蟹腹水病病原分析   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
从六安地区患腹水病的中华绒螯蟹(Eriochersinensis)体内分离到一株病原菌(HX4菌株),经API/ATB半自动化鉴定和分子遗传学鉴定,确定为拟态弧菌(V mimicus)。应用PCR技术、电镜技术、组织细胞模型和动物实验对该菌的毒素共调菌毛(ToxinCoregulatedPilus,TCP)、外毒素和内毒素等毒力因子研究的结果表明,HX4菌株为TCP+株,在pH6 7定居因子培养基中,30℃需氧培养条件下可较好表达TCP;TCP+菌对肠管的黏附率为(32 19±0 14)%、对HEp 2细胞的黏附菌数为16 03±4 66、对中华绒螯蟹的毒力(LD50)为2 08×106CFU·mL-1,均显著高于TCP-菌,其相应值分别为(0 52±0 06)%、6 8±2 06和2 09×107CFU·mL-1;外毒素具有很强的细胞毒性(TCID500 25μg)、肠毒性(皮肤蓝斑直径15mm)和中华绒螯蟹致死性(LD501 40μg),而内毒素对中华绒螯蟹基本无致病性。由此可见,TCP和外毒素是拟态弧菌HX4菌株的2种重要毒力因子,在细菌致病过程中起重要作用。  相似文献   

2.
拟态弧菌毒力因子的分子生物学研究进展   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
拟态弧菌可引起水产动物的弧菌病,已知的毒力因子有粘附素、内毒素和外毒素,其致病性并不是取决于某一毒力因子,而是在侵袭宿主导致宿主发病的过程中各种毒力因子在分子水平上协同作用的结果。从分子水平来研究各种毒力因子的基因表达和调控及它们之间的关系,可进一步探索其致病机理。  相似文献   

3.
黏附因子在病原菌的致病过程中发挥了重要作用,鉴定新的黏附因子是了解病原菌致病机制的重要手段。本研究中首次发现游离肝素能够竞争性抑制副溶血弧菌与Hela细胞的黏附,表明细胞外基质中的肝素可能是细菌重要的细胞表面黏附受体。进一步利用肝素亲和层析技术垂钓到6种副溶血弧菌的外膜蛋白,并通过基因克隆和原核表达技术成功获得重组的外膜蛋白并对其进行了深入研究。重组蛋白IMPDH、EF-Tu和Opp A可黏附Hela细胞,并可以显著抑制副溶血弧菌与Hela细胞的黏附,说明这3种蛋白可能是其重要的潜在黏附因子。  相似文献   

4.
粘附是病原菌感染宿主的第一步,而粘附素在细菌的粘附过程中起着重要的作用,是病原菌一个重要毒力因子。随着对病原菌致病机理研究的不断深入,人们在革兰阴性菌中发现了一类新的粘附素——三聚体自转运粘附素(trimeric autotransporter adhesions,TAAs)。这类粘附素广泛存在于变形菌门,是一类多功能的蛋白,经由细菌的Ⅴ型分泌系统分泌到菌体表面。被分泌到菌体表面的TAAs在大小和氨基序列上存在高度差异,但是它们在结构上却存在惊人的相似,即构成了一个头部-颈部-锚定区这样三聚化的类似于"棒棒糖"式的表面结构。文章就其结构、分泌机制和各区域功能进行了描述,以期为进一步的深入研究提供参考。  相似文献   

5.
李槿年  齐好 《水利渔业》2005,25(5):100-103
采用纸片扩散法,系统测试了3株致病性拟态弧菌对8类23种抗菌药物的敏感性与联合用药的敏感性。结果显示:氨基糖甙类、头孢类、喹诺酮类和磺胺类等多种抗菌药物对病原弧菌均有抑制或杀死作用。庆大霉素与四环素类、头孢类、喹诺酮类、红霉素或氯霉素联用以及多粘菌素与头孢类、喹诺酮类、红霉素或氯霉素联用均表现出一定程度的累加或协同作用;同时,采用琼脂平板扩散法从9株非致病菌中筛选对致病性拟态弧菌具有拮抗作用的益生菌并对其抑菌活性进行测定。结果显示:HX-01和HX-05两株细菌的菌液和无细胞上清液对3株致病性拟态弧菌均具有拮抗作用。在拮抗菌—病原菌混合体系中,病原菌经24 h培养,菌数由原来的105CFU/mL增至2ⅹ108CFU/mL,但从第2天开始,随着拮抗菌产生的抗性产物浓度的增加,菌数快速下降,至第6天病原菌完全被杀死。而拮抗菌培养至第6天,菌数仍保持较高水平(2ⅹ107CFU/mL)。表明这两株拮抗菌对致病性拟态弧菌具有较强的拮抗作用。经数值鉴定法确定两株拮抗菌均为产碱杆菌。  相似文献   

6.
吴后波 《水产学报》2003,27(6):606-609
弧菌病(vibriosis)是我国南方沿海地区养殖真鲷(Pagrus major)中经常发生的主要细菌性疾病,该病的暴发性流行给整个真鲷养殖业造成了巨大的经济损失。在明确其病原菌是最小弧菌(Vibrio mimicus)基础上,对该菌的致病机理进行了深入的研究,并取得了重要的进展。已经证明真鲷弧菌病真正的致病因子是最小弧菌在致病的过程中产生的一种外毒素,这种毒素是单一多肽,不具备典型的细菌毒素的A、B亚基结构,不耐热,具有溶血性、细胞毒性和动物致死性等多种生物学活性,该外毒素性质独特,是最小弧菌产生的一类新的毒力因子,作者将这种毒素命名为Vm - Pm毒素。为  相似文献   

7.
水产动物主要弧菌外膜蛋白结构的比较分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用十二烷基肌氨酸钠(Sarkosyl)抽提结合超速离心纯化的方法提取了溶藻弧菌SR1、鱼肠道弧菌HQ010223-1和鳗弧菌S010610-1共3株水产动物致病弧菌及其他11株水产动物主要弧菌和4株非弧菌属细菌的外膜蛋白(Outer membrane proteins,OMPs),通过SDS-PAGE分析其外膜蛋白的组成结构。结果表明,3株致病弧菌分别有12、6和6条外膜蛋白带,且分子量主要集中在32~48kD和66~106kD之间。同时,分析其他11株水产动物主要弧菌和4株非弧菌属细菌共15株细菌外膜蛋白的SDS-PAGE图谱发现,11株弧菌的外膜蛋白图谱比较相似,而与非弧菌属细菌爱德华氏菌、荧光假单胞菌和大肠杆菌则差别明显,且36kD的外膜蛋白为这11株弧菌所共有,而4株非弧菌属细菌的SDS-PAGE图谱则没有36kD的蛋白条带出现。本试验发现,36kD的外膜蛋白存在于所供试的14株弧菌中,而非弧菌属细菌则没有,说明该蛋白有可能是弧菌特异性的外膜蛋白,可作为弧菌属的标志,对于弧菌鉴定有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

8.
为明晰方斑东风螺"脱壳病"的病原或病理,对东风螺"脱壳病"进行了病原分离纯化、病原菌形态观察、组织病理观察、人工感染试验,并对病原菌16S rDNA序列进行PCR扩增和测序,以及系统发育树分析。试验中分离纯化了3种纯菌W、B、Y。致病菌W杆状,端生单鞭毛。致病菌Y杆状,两端略尖,周生菌毛。致病菌B短杆状,无鞭毛。结果显示,患病个体和人工感染个体的腹足及连壳肌肉组织均出现明显病变,肌纤维受损,出现空腔,并存在细菌;肝胰腺组织无明显病变,但血细胞显著减少。腹足肌注射人工感染试验结果表明,致病菌W在3种细菌中毒力最强。混合菌感染的毒力在混合比例接近原始比例时达到最大。致病菌B与报道的鲍希瓦氏菌相似度为99%;致病菌Y与报道的哈维弧菌相似度为98%;致病菌W与报道的变形假单胞菌相似度为99%。推测致病菌W、B、Y可能是此次方斑东风螺脱壳病的重要病原菌。  相似文献   

9.
河流弧菌对牙鲆表皮粘液的趋化作用   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
病原菌对粘液的趋化作用在其对粘液层定植过程中起着重要作用,趋化作用是病原菌的毒力机制之一。为了解病原性河流弧菌对牙鲆表皮粘液的趋化作用,本文采用改良的毛细管法研究了细菌浓度、孵育时间、孵育温度、pH值、NaCl浓度、碳水化合物等对河流弧菌趋化作用的影响。试验结果表明:在较低浓度下,河流弧菌对牙鲆表皮粘液的趋化量随着菌浓度的升高而增大;在室温下河流弧菌的趋化量随着孵育时间的延长而增加,60 min趋于饱和;孵育温度在4~15 ℃范围内趋化作用随温度升高而增强,15 ℃时达最大值;pH值为8时细菌的趋化性最强;NaCl浓度超过0.8 %,河流弧菌的趋化性随着浓度升高而显著减弱(P<0.05);7种碳水化合物中甘露醇、乳糖、甘露糖能够极显著地促进河流弧菌对牙鲆表皮粘液的趋化作用(P<0.01)。以上结果说明:牙鲆表皮粘液对河流弧菌有较强的趋化作用,该趋化作用受环境因子的影响较大;本文所揭示的河流弧菌趋化特性将对养殖牙鲆疾病防治提供有价值的参考。  相似文献   

10.
方兵 《水产学报》2005,29(4):473-477
粘附素(aha1)、气溶素(aerA)和细胞兴奋性肠毒素(alt)是气单胞菌的主要毒力因子。根据aha1、aerA和alt基因序列设计三对引物建立了可同时检测三种毒力基因的多重PCR方法(MPCR)。该方法扩增出气单胞菌的aha1大小为1087bp,aerA为721bp,alt为480bp,其敏感度为102CFU·mL-1。而对金黄色葡萄球菌、恶臭假单胞菌、拟态弧菌以及非致病性气单胞菌均未扩增出任何条带。用限制性内切酶EcoRⅤ、BamHⅠ和FbaⅠ分别酶切PCR扩增产物,均获得与预期一致的酶切图谱。用建立的MPCR对15株水生动物源气单胞菌安徽分离株进行毒力基因检测,结果显示在13株致病性气单胞菌中10株细菌的毒力基因型为alt aha1 aerA ,2株为alt aha1-aerA-,1株为alt aha1 aerA-;alt、aha1和aerA基因在气单胞菌中的携带率分别为100%、84.62%和76.92%。表明气单胞菌安徽分离株的主要毒力基因型是alt aha1 aerA 的高毒力表型,alt毒力基因普遍存在于不同表型种气单胞菌中。  相似文献   

11.
蟹源拟态弧菌最佳产毒条件的筛选   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
李玉英 《水产学报》2003,27(5):468-473
通过体外试验,探讨了培养条件的改变对蟹源拟态弧菌(HX-4)产毒量的影响。结果表明,培养基种类、氯化钠浓度、初始pH、溶解氧、培养温度和时间的不同均可影响细菌产毒量,HX-4菌株的最佳产毒条件为细菌接种于起始pH为8.0,含0.5%NaCl-BHI培养基,28℃振荡培养36h或静置培养48h。同时,通过动物实验测定了外毒素的致病性,结果显示,外毒素粗提液对小鼠及河蟹均有致病性。粗提液的溶血活性越高,对动物的致死率也越高。具有蛋白酶活性而无溶血素活性的粗提液,对动物只有致病性,而无致死性。  相似文献   

12.
拟态弧菌OmpU蛋白的黏附功能及所介导的致病作用   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
为了探明拟态弧菌OmpU蛋白的黏附功能,利用同源重组技术敲除基因组中OmpU基因,并构建其互补株,再经组合PCR方法和序列测定,证实了OmpU基因的缺失和互补。对野生株、缺失株和互补株进行了遗传稳定性、生长特性、生化特性、细胞黏附性、致病性等方面比较研究。结果显示,缺失株具有遗传稳定性;在相同的培养条件下,与野生株相比,突变株的培养特性和生化特性没有明显变化,生长速率略减慢,对实验草鱼的毒力降低了4倍,对鲤上皮瘤细胞(EPC)的黏附能力显著降低,下降了66.6%,而互补株的黏附能力和毒力又得到恢复,与野生株无明显差异。研究首次确证了拟态弧菌OmpU蛋白具有黏附功能,OmpU蛋白通过黏附参与致病作用。  相似文献   

13.
In this study, different traits that have been associated with bacterial virulence were studied in Yersinia ruckeri. Two isolates that had been shown to cause disease and mortality in experimentally infected rainbow trout were compared with five avirulent isolates. Both virulent isolates showed high adhesion to gill and intestinal mucus of rainbow trout, whereas the majority of non‐virulent strains demonstrated significantly lower adhesion. A decrease in adherence capability following bacterial treatment with sodium metaperiodate and proteolytic enzymes suggested the involvement of carbohydrates and proteins. All strains were able to adhere to and invade chinook salmon embryo cell line (CHSE‐214), fathead minnow epithelial cell line (FHM) and rainbow trout liver cell line (R1). One non‐virulent strain was highly adhesive and invasive in the three cell lines, whereas the virulent strains showed moderate adhesive and invasive capacity. The internalization of several isolates was inhibited by colchicine and cytochalasin‐D, suggesting that microtubules and microfilaments play a role. For all strains, intracellular survival assays showed a decrease of viable bacteria in the cells 6 h after inoculation, suggesting that Y. ruckeri is not able to multiply or survive inside cultured cells. Analysis of the susceptibility to the bactericidal effect of rainbow trout serum demonstrated that virulent Y. ruckeri strains were serum resistant, whereas non‐virulent strains were generally serum sensitive.  相似文献   

14.
采用转座子mini-Tn10/Km构建了致病性溶藻弧菌的突变库,采用半固体双层平板初筛到73株运动缺陷突变株,初筛的突变株纯化及重复筛选后获得运动性缺陷表型稳定的突变株ND-01MM,Southern鉴定确定其为单位点插入。野生型菌株ND-01和运动缺陷突变株ND-01MM对致病性溶藻弧菌的天然宿主大黄鱼粘液的趋化、粘附以及在大黄鱼吞噬细胞内存活能力等生理功能的比较研究发现,溶藻弧菌运动缺陷后趋化及粘附能力均极显著下降(P<0.01),但在吞噬细胞内的存活能力则与野生型菌株差异不显著(P>0.05)。采用腹腔注射和浸泡两种方式感染大黄鱼,结果发现运动缺陷对浸泡感染的影响较为明显,但对腹腔注射的感染方式影响不大。  相似文献   

15.
Flavobacterium columnare (Flexibacter columnaris) is an important cause of gill and skin disease in freshwater fish species, often causing high mortality. In previous studies, virulence of F. columnare was correlated with the ability to adhere to the gill tissue. To gain insight into the factors responsible for adherence, a gill perfusion model was used. The bacterial cells of the high virulence strain AJS 1 were exposed to various treatments, after which they were added to the organ bath of an isolated gill arch and adherence to the gill tissue assessed. Adherence capabilities were significantly reduced following treatment of the bacteria with sodium metaperiodate or incubating them with d-glucose, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, d-galactose and d-sucrose. Incubation of the bacteria with trypsin and pronase did not significantly inhibit adherence. The binding sites for F. columnare on the gill tissue were also partially characterised. Treatment of the gill with sodium metaperiodate reduced adhesion, but treatment with pronase or trypsin did not cause any significant reduction, indicating that the major component of the receptor is of carbohydrate nature. Adherence ability of the bacteria correlated well with their haemagglutination capacity using chicken and guinea pig erythrocytes. Higher haemagglutination titres were obtained with the highly virulent strain AJS 1 than with strain AJS 4, a strain with low virulence and adherence capacity. Haemagglutination was partially inhibited after incubation of the bacteria with d-glucose and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and after treatment of the bacteria at 41_°C for 10_min (minor heat treatment). It was completely abolished following incubation of the bacterial cells with sodium metaperiodate and intensive heat treatment (65_°C, 25_min). Haemagglutination was also in-sensitive to pronase and trypsin treatment. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the high virulence strain had a thick capsule (120–130_nm) with a regular, dense appearance, whereas the capsule of the low virulence strain was much thinner (80–90_nm) and less dense. TEM also demonstrated the loss of the capsule of the high virulence strain after treatment of the bacterial cells with minor heat and sodium metaperiodate. These results indicate that a lectin-like carbohydrate-binding substance incorporated in the capsule is responsible for the attachment of F. columnare to the gill tissue.  相似文献   

16.
采用十二烷基肌氨酸钠(Sarkosyl)和苯甲基磺酰氟(PMSF)2种方法提取秦皇岛弧菌HQ010712-1(Vibrio qinhuangdaora sp.nov.)外膜蛋白,结果显示 Sarkosyl法提取效果较好,且所提取的主要外膜蛋白分子量为102kD、45 kD、39 kD、36 kD、30 kD、28 kD、24 kD、22 kD;为比较该菌株与弧菌属其他细菌外膜蛋白组分及抗原性异同,以鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)、副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)、溶藻胶弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)为对照,电泳图谱显示4种弧菌外膜蛋白的分子量主要集中在22~48 kD之间;利用抗秦皇岛弧菌HQ010712-1血清的免疫印迹表明菌株HQ010712-1外膜蛋白中分子量为45 kD、36 kD的蛋白条带呈现阳性反应,其他3种弧菌外膜蛋白中均有与该抗血清反应的条带,且分子量为36 kD的反应带为菌株HQ010712-1、副溶血弧菌、溶藻胶弧菌共有.本研究旨在为进一步筛选和研究致病性弧菌的共同保护性抗原提供参考.  相似文献   

17.
The ability of Flavobacterium columnare ( Flexibacter columnaris ) to attach to the gills of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., was evaluated using a gill perfusion model. A comparison between a high and a low virulence strain of F. columnare was made and evaluated in comparison to results obtained previously with an in vivo model. The ion composition of the water of the organ bath in which the gills were suspended was varied and the influence on adhesion processes assessed. Experiments were carried out to examine the influence of water quality (i.e. nitrite and organic matter) and temperature on the capacity of the bacteria to adhere. It was found that the high virulence strain adhered more readily than the low virulence strain, as was found during the in vivo experiments. Moreover, it was observed that adhesion of the high virulence strain was enhanced by a number of factors. These were immersion of the gill in bivalent, ion-rich water, the presence of nitrite or organic matter, and high temperatures.  相似文献   

18.
Phenotypic smooth cells of the fish pathogenic bacterium Flavobacterium psychrophilum have previously been reported to be more adhesive to polystyrene surfaces than corresponding rough cells. In this study, the adhesion ability of smooth and rough cells of F. psychrophilum to polystyrene surfaces was investigated in detail with a crystal violet staining method. By treating both polystyrene surfaces with fish mucus and carbohydrates and the bacterial cells with carbohydrates, the involvement of lectins in the adhesion process was investigated. Smooth cells showed significantly higher adhesion ability to untreated polystyrene surfaces compared with corresponding rough cells and increasing water hardness had an inhibitory effect on the adhesion. Treatment of polystyrene surfaces with D‐glucose, D‐galactose and fish mucus increased the adhesion ability of smooth cells to polystyrene. Furthermore, treatment of the smooth cells with D‐glucose, D‐galactose and sialic acid decreased the adhesion ability of the cells, indicating that the adhesion is likely mediated by complementary lectins on the surface of the cells. Sodium (meta)periodate treatment of smooth cells also decreased the adhesion ability to polystyrene, suggesting that the lectins, such as the dominating sialic acid‐binding lectin, are probably localized in the extracellular polysaccharides surrounding the cells.  相似文献   

19.
Vibrio alginolyticus is a leading aquatic pathogen, causing huge losses to aquaculture. rpoS has been proven to play a variety of important roles in stress response and virulence in several bacteria. In our previous study, upon treatment with Cu2+, Pb2+, Hg2+ and low pH, the expression levels of rpoS were downregulated as assessed by RNA‐seq, while impaired adhesion ability was observed, indicating that rpoS might play roles in the regulation of adhesion. In the present study, the RNAi technology was used to knockdown rpoS in V. alginolyticus. In comparison with wild‐type V. alginolyticus, RNAi‐treated bacteria showed significantly impaired abilities of adhesion, growth, haemolytic, biofilm production, movement and virulence. Meanwhile, alterations of temperature, salinity, pH and starvation starkly affected rpoS expression. The present data suggested that rpoS is a critical regulator of virulence in V. alginolyticus; in addition, rpoS regulates bacterial adhesion in response to temperature, pH and nutrient content changes. These are helpful to explore its pathogenic mechanism and provide reference for disease control.  相似文献   

20.
为了示踪研究拟态弧菌感染草鱼的动态过程,将增强型绿色荧光蛋白编码基因EGFP克隆至质粒pBAD24,并转化到拟态弧菌04-14菌株构建荧光标记重组菌.重组菌经阿拉伯糖诱导后,能高效表达EGFP蛋白;荧光显微镜观察和流式细胞仪检测均发现重组菌能够发出明显的绿色荧光信号,且传至30代后质粒稳定率仍为100%;生物学特性检测结果显示,与野生株相比,重组菌的形态、生长特性和细胞黏附性均未发生明显改变.用标记重组菌浸泡感染草鱼,定点采集鳃、肠道、肌肉、头肾、脾脏和肝脏,借助荧光信号检测4d内细菌在不同组织脏器中的动态分布.结果发现感染4h后即可在肠道和鳃中检测到绿色荧光信号,标记菌检出量分别为3.60×108和2.36×106 CFU/g,直至10 h,其含量无明显变化,12 h后含菌量逐渐下降,但持续存在直至鱼死亡.标记菌在肌肉、头肾、脾脏和肝脏中呈现相似的动力学,感染24 h后才检测到荧光信号,24~ 85 h时间段含菌量呈现先增加后下降的变化,48 h达到峰值,检出量分别为9.58×104(肌肉)、8.75×104(头肾)、1.50×104(脾脏)和4.50×104 CFU/g(肝脏),但均低于肠道中的检出量,结果表明肠道是拟态弧菌黏附定植与繁殖的主要靶器官.  相似文献   

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