额尔齐斯河贝加尔雅罗鱼单殖吸虫群落多样性及感染情况

研究贝加尔雅罗鱼(Leuciscus baicalensis)感染的单殖吸虫的群落多样性及感染情况,为额尔齐斯河鱼类寄生虫病防治提供基础资料。2009年8月到2016年7月,剖检贝加尔雅罗鱼296尾,共感染了6种单殖吸虫,分别为号筒指环虫(Dactylogyrus tuba Linstow,1878)、双髻指环虫(D. sphyra Linstow, 1878)、小刺指环虫（D. micracanthus Nybelin,1937）、多小枝指环虫（D. ramulosus Malewitzkaja,1941）、普氏三代虫（Gyrodactylus prostate Erergns,1963）和斯氏拟双身虫（Paradiplozoon skrjabini Achmerov,1974）;贝加尔雅罗鱼单殖吸虫的总感染率为20.27 %,平均感染强度为3.05只/尾(1~18只/尾),平均感染丰度为(0.62±2)只/尾;混合感染率相对较低,仅占2.36%;各单殖吸虫的感染率均小于10%,平均感染强度均小于5,其中小刺指环虫为优势种;在5个体长段中,在14cm≤L＜16cm体长段感染单殖吸虫的种类、感染率及感染强度均达到最高;体长段之间的多样性指数、优势度指数、均匀度指数及丰富度指数结果相差不大,不同体长段宿主中单殖吸虫种群的分布类型均为聚集分布;体长段14cm≤L＜16cm与16cm≤L感染强度差异显著,其余体长段之间的感染强度差异均不显著。     

南方地区黄尾鲻的繁育和养殖技术

黄尾鲻学名为鲮鱼（Mugil so—iuy），属鲻形目鲻科。鲻形目鱼类大多为食用鱼，我国常见的鲻科鱼类有鲻鱼和簸鱼，是我国沿海地区主要的养殖对象之一，近年已发展成为国际养殖对象。我国南方主要以养鲻鱼为主，而北方沿海主要养殖鲅鱼，故有“南鲻北鳆”之称。经养殖试验表明，与在北方养殖鲮鱼相比，鳆鱼在南方养殖生长速度快、个体大、养殖成本低、不相互残杀、免疫力强、不易得病。而且，南方养殖的鳆鱼味道鲜美、金黄体色亮丽吉祥，比鲻鱼更受养殖户和消费者欢迎，也因此得到了“黄尾鲻”的俗称。     

太白湖主要经济鱼类寄生蠕虫种类调查

2015年12月,采用形态学方法对长江中游的太白湖鱼类鳃和肠道寄生蠕虫进行了初步调查和种类鉴定。结果显示:在调查的15种131尾鱼中,共分离鉴定了36种寄生蠕虫,其中单殖吸虫30种,复殖吸虫1种,绦虫5种;对其中6种单殖吸虫的形态特征进行了重新描述。大部分鱼类的鳃部都感染单殖吸虫,只有4种鱼类的肠道感染寄生蠕虫,较低的体内寄生蠕虫多样性表明该湖泊的生态环境可能受到较严重的干扰。     

水生动物致病菌——柱状黄杆菌研究进展

柱状黄杆菌（Flavobacterium columnaris）属于黄杆菌目，黄杆菌科，黄杆菌属，是一种严格需氧的革兰氏阴性菌，菌体呈细长弯曲状，具有滑动能力和团聚性，在世界范围内的水体环境和土壤中均有分布，其宿主范围极其广泛，可以感染包括鲑科、鲤科、鲶科、鲻科、太阳鱼科、鲈科等多个科的鱼类，几乎所有的淡水鱼类均对该菌敏感，而自然和养殖条件下的海水鱼类以及观赏鱼类也可感染发病。     

高传染性复殖吸虫病的诊断与防控

复殖吸虫属吸虫纲、复殖吸虫目,全营寄生生活。种类繁多,大小、形态、生活习性各异,虫体小的可在0.5毫米以下,最大可达10厘米以上。一般为扁平叶状或卵形、肾形等。具吸盘。生活史过程中需要更换中间宿主,中间宿主为软体动物腹足类及瓣鳃类、环节动物多毛类、水生昆虫、植物和鱼类等。复殖吸虫分布极为     

建阳市崇阳溪鱼类资源现状调查与保护对策

2007年10月至2012年2月对崇阳溪鱼类资源进行了调查,共设4个断面采样。结果共采集到鱼类75种,分属5目16科54属。种类组成以鲤形目鱼类为主,共4科39属51种,占总种数的68．0%,鲶形目次之,共4科6属11种,占14．7%;按科统计,鲤科鱼类最多,共40种,占总种数的53．3%,鮠科次之,共7种,占9．3%。4个断面渔获物的鱼类种类组成基本相同,但单种鱼类重量占总渔获物重量的百分比大于5%的主要种类组成差异较大。4个断面的单船（排）平均日捕捞量不同,回瑶断面的最高,芦上断面的最低。渔获物中个体小型化、低龄化现象严重。     

鲻鱼人工繁殖技术

鲻鱼Mugil caphalus Linnaeus属鲻形目Mugiliformes，鲻亚目Mugiloide，鲻科Mugihdae，鲻属Mugil鱼类。俗称：乌鱼、乌头、乌头鲻、黑耳鲻、追鱼、齐鱼、头鲻等。     

象鼻岭水电站库区江段鱼类资源现状及评价

牛栏江象鼻岭库区江段计有鱼类63种,隶属5目24科(亚科)44属,其中鲤形目有13科(亚科)39属(亚属)50种,鲇形目有4科5属7种,鲈形目有3科3属4种,合鳃目有1科1属1种,鳉形目有1科1属1种。鲤形目和鲇形目为主,占调查河段鱼类种数的90%,数量较多的有裂腹鱼、墨头鱼、盘鮈、圆口铜鱼、长鳍吻鮈、白缘鱼央、叉尾鮠。分析了资源现状,提出了保护和利用措施。     

高传染性复殖吸虫病的防治技术

<正>复殖吸虫属吸虫纲、复殖吸虫目,全营寄生生活。种类繁多,大小、形态、生活习性各异,虫体小的可在0.5毫米以下,最大可达10厘米以上。一般为扁平叶状或卵形、肾形等,具吸盘。生活史过程中需要更换中间宿主,中间宿主为软体动物腹足类及瓣鳃类、环节动物多毛类、水生昆虫、植物和鱼类等。复殖吸虫分布极为广泛,为鱼类常见的寄生虫,其传染率高、传播快、治疗困难,对鱼类养殖危害极     

江口水库鱼类寄生单殖吸虫区系调查

调查了江口水库鱼类寄生虫单殖吸虫区系，检查鱼类２８种１６３尾，发现单殖吸虫６属４０种，其中指环虫属３０种，占虫种类的７５％。     

母猪胎衣不下的病因与防治要点

猪的胎盘属于弥散型胎盘,这种胎盘的结构特点和饲养管理的不当,常常导致母猪胎衣不下发生,给生猪的生产繁殖带来极大损失。本文针对母猪胎衣不下发生病因、综合防治进行详细阐述,旨在对预防和治疗胎衣不下能有所帮助。     

Estimation of variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum by survival analysis of experimental infection of salmonid fish

The variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum , the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonid fish, was studied by infecting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with two isolates (strains 325 and 932) from diseased Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and one isolate (strain 4366) from an apparently healthy Atlantic salmon. Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), were injected with the strain 932 to estimate difference in fish species resistance. Fish were removed by random sampling for other study purposes, a study design possible with analysis of lifetime distributions incorporating both sampling-, death- and survival-times. At the end of the experiment, the rainbow trout infected with strains 325, 932 and 4366 had a survival probability of 33%, 51% and 72%, respectively. The coho salmon infected with strain 932 had a 26% survival probability. The strain differences were significant according to the log-rank test, and the risk ratio between the strains ranged from 1·8 to 5·4. The strain from the apparently healthy fish was least virulent. The survival of the fish species was different over time. Rainbow trout were more likely to die early in the time course, but high numbers of coho died later, resulting in an overall risk of mortality of 1·4 in favour of rainbow trout. Differences in virulence may reflect changed selective pressure on R. salmoninarum when introduced from feral stocks into the environment of fish farms.     

水硬度对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼发育的影响

采用不同硬度的水对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼进行饲养。6周龄幼鱼在硬度为7.94°dH±0.30°dH时饲养84d后,比在硬度为14.71°dH±0.23°dH水中的幼鱼个体大,生长速度快。表明较高硬度的水有利于七彩神仙鱼幼鱼的生长发育。     

虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄营养成分分析

本实验对虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄的营养成分进行分析,旨在探讨其幼体的营养需求量,为其幼体配合饲料研制提供参考数据。随机选取大约800个虎斑乌贼受精卵的卵黄,采用国家标准方法测定其水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素含量。结果表明:1)虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄中粗蛋白质含量为76.33%(干重基础);总氨基酸(TAA)和必需氨基酸(EAA)含量分别为71.22%和32.38%(干重基础),EAA/TAA为45.46%,氨基酸中以谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高(9.97%),必需氨基酸中亮氨酸(Leu)含量最高(7.58%)。2)其粗脂肪含量12.71%(干重基础);共检出17种脂肪酸,包括8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、5种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),SFA、MUFA和PUFA分别占脂肪酸总量的43.47%、7.54%和49.25%,其中以DHA含量最高,达32.80%,EPA含量为7.70%,DHA/EPA为4.26。3)检测出Na、K、Ca、Mg、Sr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Al和As 矿物元素,微量元素中富含Zn、Al和Fe,含量分别为 0.77、0.71和0.43 mg/kg(鲜重基础)。由此可见,卵黄具有高蛋白、低脂肪,富含n-3PUFA的特点;虎斑乌贼幼体饲料中蛋白质需求量参考值为76.33%;氨基酸需求量参考值,如赖氨酸(Lys)为5.49%,蛋氨酸(Met)为2.63%;脂肪的需求量参考值为12.71%,DHA为4.17%,EPA为0.98%;微量元素需求量参考值,如Zn为2.77 mg/kg,Cu为0.19 mg/kg(干重基础)。     

斑节对虾虾苗活力检测方法

该研究通过肉眼观察、镜检，进行干露、饥饿、盐度突降、福尔马林等抗性试验，并采用病毒检测等方法，以期建立评估斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）虾苗活力和质量标准。结果表明，斑节对虾健康虾苗具有趋光性、集群性，体表光洁，肌肉透亮，肠胃食物充盈等特性。测试虾苗干露时间以15min为宜，健康虾苗干露后能立即恢复活力，而病弱虾苗多出现死亡、昏迷现象；虾苗的成活率随饥饿时间的延长而降低，随福尔马林浓度升高和时间延长而降低，随盐度突降幅度增加而降低。健康虾苗能忍受100～200μL·L^-1福尔马林溶液30min，成活率近100％；在盐度20～30下虾苗的成活情况较好，而其在淡水中仅能存活1h。对虾苗进行病毒检测，可以避免养殖中因虾苗携带病毒而可能导致的病毒性疾病的暴发。     

金鳟、虹鳟苗种长途运输实例

鳟鱼发眼卵和旨种运输是养鳟生产的重要环节。发眼卵多在冬季和早春运输，苗种多在晚春和夏季运输。苗种运输大多以鱼篓充氧进行短距离汽车运输，长途运输冷水性鱼苗种的实例很少。本文总结了金鳟和虹鳟苗种长途运输方法，以期与养鳟业界共同交流提高。一、包装材料和方法内包装材料是苗种运输专用塑料袋，规格54×104cm，外包装是泡沫塑料箱，规格63.5×45.5×30．5cm，纸箱规格64×46×32．5cm。塑料袋采取双层式，内装苗种和水共12.5kg，其中苗种0.5-1．3kg，100－2000尾。起运前苗种停食1－2天。运鱼用水水温调至6℃，鱼、水入袋后袋内…     

Characterization of protease inhibitors of seminal plasma of cyprinids

Anti-proteinase activity was demonstrated in the seminal plasma of cyprinid fish species (bream, chub, ide, dace, asp, goldfish, roach, common carp) using electrophoretic techniques combined with a detection method based on inhibition of bovine trypsin. We found species-specific protease inhibitors in the seminal plasma of cyprinids. At least three bands of protease inhibitors with different migration rates could be identified by native PAGE. Higher variability was characterized for bands with slower migration rates. Visualization of inhibitors after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions allowed estimation of their molecular weights. Apparent molecular weights were within the range of 51–59 and 47–54 kDa for the bands with slower and moderate migration rates, respectively. The molecular weight of fast migration bands for roach and common carp were estimated to 23 and 30 kDa, respectively. Inhibitors of common carp seminal plasma differed in their affinity toward serine proteases. Three inhibitors in common carp seminal plasma could be visualized using cod and bovine trypsin, but only two inhibitors (of high molecular weight) were recognized with chymotrypsin. There were differences in anti-proteinase activity and seminal plasma protein concentration in relation to the origin of common carp seminal plasma (breeding lines) and time of milt collection (spawning vs. post-spawning season).     

鱼类热忍耐温度研究进展

The paper is a review of the studies on the temperature of the thermal tolerance in fishes. It was described from four aspect: (1) The key parameters of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (2) The influence factors of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (3) The research methods of thermal effect of fishes; (4) The evaluation of effects of thermal pollution on fishes, especially, with the coastal power station will be‘built in China recent years, the effects of thermal discharge water on the marine fisheries resource wered iscussed.     

Histopathology of respiratory organs of certain air-breathing fishes of India

Air-breathing fishes have evolved bimodal respiratory mechanisms for exploitation of water (through gills and highly vascularized skin) as well as atmospheric air (through aerial respiratory organs, ABO). Mucous cells in these respiratory organs of variously stressed fishes exhibit periodic fluctuations in their density and staining properties. The main types of damage in the gills include congestion of blood capillaries (BLCs), periodic lifting and sloughing of respiratory epithelia of the secondary lamellae causing haemorrhage, extensive fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia due to uncontrolled regeneration leading to asphyxiation, altered excretion, and death of the fish. Haemolysis has also been observed following lead exposure. The damage in the ABO of Heteropneustes fossilis includes sloughing of the epithelial cells, leading to haemorrhage causing decreased red blood corpuscles density and degeneration of the secondary gill lamellae with reduced respiratory area. Subsequent hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia and fusion of gill lamellae increase the respiratory barrier distance. The BLCs often bulge out and protrude into the lumen, bringing blood nearer to air. The ladder-like pillar cell (PLC)-BLC components of the gill lamellae frequently collapse. Damage to the ABO of Channa striata is less severe. Often haemorrhaging due to bursting of extensively stretched BLCs causes aerial respiratory failure. Chloride cells of the ABOs also show hyperplasia. While the highly mucogenic epidermis of C. striata shows less damage, the epidermis of Clarias batrachus and H. fossilis shows severe wear and tear, sloughing, and haemorrhage. Side-by-side regeneration continues, causing altered histomorphology of the epidermis. The different gland cells also show periodic fluctuations in their density and staining. The dermis also shows severe damage with loosening of their connective tissue fibres. These fibres give stronger reactions for sulfated mucin that not only retain additional water molecules for continuance of skin breathing, but also bind the toxic ambient pollutants.     

不同年龄细鳞鱼的繁育效果

研究了不同年龄组(3～8龄)细鳞鱼(Bachymystax lenok Pallas)亲鱼的繁育效果,分析其繁育主要技术,包括亲鱼培育、繁育技术、受精卵孵化、鱼苗培育等,结果发现,5～6龄和7～8龄细鳞鱼产卵量没有明显差异,产卵量、孵化率、出苗率均较高,繁殖效果明显好于3～4龄亲鱼。