海州湾人工鱼礁海域生态环境的变化

根据2003-2004年对海州湾人工鱼礁海域进行4个航次的调查结果，运用对比方法，分析了该海域的水质、底泥和浮游生物等在人工鱼礁投放前后的变化。结果表明，人工鱼礁投放所产生的上升流将沉积于底泥的氮营养盐携带至上层，使得鱼礁区的海水特性由氮限制转变为磷限制；鱼礁区与对照区点的浮游植物组成相似度由投礁前极高的0.963下降到投礁后3个月的0.863和7个月后的0.685，群落结构发生了较大变化；同时，鱼礁区的浮游动物个体增重率明显，达到了对照区的5倍之多，十分有利于渔业资源的增殖，人工鱼礁对于海域生态环境的改善作用得到了确认。     

海洋鱼类的“安全屋”

正鱼礁是海底的隆起物和堆积物,其上附着和生长着大量饵料生物,人工鱼礁设置的目的是为了保护和改善海洋生态环境,为鱼类构建一个觅食、生长、繁殖的"安全屋",以达到增加海洋水生动物多样性的目的。目前国内外已经广泛的开展人工鱼礁建设。作为最早开展人工鱼礁建设试点省份之一,广东省先后投入资金8亿元,建成人工鱼礁50座,礁区核心区面积达300平方公里,国家级海洋牧场示范区已达到8处。人工鱼礁的投放,犹如神来的一笔,人工鱼礁不仅能保护、增殖鱼类,还     

象山港人工鱼礁区浮游植物群落特征

于2011年7月(投礁前)和2012年7月(投礁后)在象山港人工鱼礁海域进行网采浮游植物调查,采用群落结构特征公式及灰度关联分析方法,探讨了鱼礁区与对照区的浮游植物群落特征以及鱼礁区浮游植物丰度与环境因子关联度的变化。结果显示:投礁前除均匀性指数J'外,对照区浮游植物种类数(4门21属33种)、丰度(56.50×103cells·m-3)及多样性指标(H'=2.85、d Ma=1.02)均比鱼礁区(4门19属30种、40.57×103cells·m-3、H'=2.67、d Ma=0.76)高;投礁后鱼礁区(3门17属27种、275.35×103cells·m-3、H'=1.14、d Ma=0.62、J'=0.34)各指标均较对照区(3门16属23种、234.66×103cells·m-3、H'=1.02、d Ma=0.58、J'=0.29)高,且鱼礁区优势种间的优势度差异较对照区的大;投礁前后鱼礁区各生态因子与浮游植物丰度的关联度不同,投礁前氮营养盐及COD对藻类生长影响较大,投礁后透明度的降低影响了藻类对氮营养盐的吸收,促进了硅酸盐对藻类的影响。综上所述,初步认为象山港人工鱼礁的投放对浮游植物的生长具有一定的积极成效。     

山东近岸3处人工鱼礁区许氏平鲉生长异质性及资源评价

为探究人工鱼礁区许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)生长异质性及资源开发状况,本研究基于2017─2021年山东近海3处典型鱼礁区(长岛鱼礁区、西霞口鱼礁区和前三岛鱼礁区)的海洋环境和许氏平鲉资源调查数据,利用Bootstrap的ELEFAN方法探究了许氏平鲉的生长特征、基于变换体长渔获曲线法探究了许氏平鲉死亡特性,运用线性混合效应模型研究了许氏平鲉体长–体重关系时空异质性,基于Beverton-Holt模型和开发率探究了许氏平鲉资源利用状况。结果显示,前三岛鱼礁区许氏平鲉条件因子(a)明显高于西霞口鱼礁区和长岛鱼礁区;前三岛鱼礁区许氏平鲉渐进体长和渐进体重最大,西霞口鱼礁区次之,长岛鱼礁区最小;长岛鱼礁区总死亡系数和自然死亡系数分别为0.87和0.44,均高于西霞口鱼礁区和前三岛鱼礁区;线性混合效应模型得到参数a、b范围分别是1.48×10^–5～5.92×10^–5、2.85～3.13,相同体长条件下, 2020年春秋季前三岛鱼礁区许氏平鲉个体重最高, 2021年、2018年和2017年冬季西霞口鱼礁区个体重次之, 2019年夏...     

组合式金字塔型人工鱼礁水动力学分析

人工鱼礁是海洋牧场的重要组成部分,对于修复海洋生态环境、提高渔获量有重要价值。人工鱼礁的投放可以使得鱼礁周围流场发生变化,对于鱼类摄食、庇护都有重要的影响。本研究对人工鱼礁的水动力学特性进行研究,采用计算流体动力学软件Fluent和基于N-S方程对组合式金字塔型人工鱼礁的流场进行分析。比较了4种流速(0. 1、0. 2、0. 3和0. 4 m/s)下鱼礁流场的变化情况,得到了周围涡量和压力的分布特征,给出了该型人工鱼礁的三维紊流区,并同其他类型人工鱼礁进行了对比。结果显示:涡量主要分布于导流盘后方区域,且越远离导流盘的地方涡量越弱;不同来流速度下,上升流的最大高度约为鱼礁高度的1. 53倍,鱼礁涡量区高度约为鱼礁的高度,背涡区长度随着水流速度的增加而增加;不同流速下,紊流区的范围基本不变。     

粤东柘林湾溜牛人工鱼礁建设选址生态基础评价

采用层次分析法,构建了基于生态系统效应的资源保护型人工鱼礁建设选址评价方法,通过选择水文、水质、底质和浮游生物、鱼卵仔鱼、大型底栖动物、游泳动物、初级生产力、潮间带大型底栖动物等30个海洋环境与海洋生物因子,建立了人工鱼礁建设选址生态评估模型;以柘林湾溜牛人工鱼礁区选址区域为例,对所选因子进行了春、夏、秋、冬4个季度的跟踪监测,探讨了该海区进行人工鱼礁建设的适宜性,根据该模型计算得出各季度人工鱼礁建设选址生态基础评价指数分别为0.65、0.71、0.63、0.64,平均为0.66,计算结果表明,该区域建礁生态基础良好,适宜选址开展人工鱼礁建设,其中生态基础最优的季节为夏季。     

人工鱼礁区的增殖鱼类资源效果初步研究

2009年春季采用地笼网分别对山东省西港小石岛、牟平养马岛、威海寻山和日照前三岛附近人工鱼礁区及对照区的鱼类资源进行调查.结果表明,人工鱼礁区的鱼类种类数比对照区增加了1.8倍,平均数量和平均质量分别比对照区增加了3.5倍和1.9倍.人工鱼礁区的主要优势种为岩礁性鱼类大泷六线鱼和许氏平鲉.人工鱼礁区鱼类资源的物种丰富度指数、物种多样性指数和物种均匀度指数的均值分别大于对照区相应生态指数数值.人工鱼礁的建设可以增加鱼类资源的种类、数量及鱼类群落的丰富度和多样性.     

布设间距对多孔方型人工鱼礁流场效应影响的数值模拟研究

采用计算流体动力学(CFD)技术,研究了不同布设间距下,多孔方型人工鱼礁周围水流运动的规律,旨在为深入研究人工鱼礁的集鱼原理和海洋牧场建设中人工鱼礁的投放和布设提供更多参考。本研究采用了4种布设间距,分别为0.5、1、1.5和2倍鱼礁高度,基于计算机数值模拟技术,模拟了速度为0.8m/s的水流流经2个礁体的过程,分别观察鱼礁周围水流运动情况。结果显示,多孔方型人工鱼礁内部和周围存在缓流区、背涡流区、上升流区、死水区等有显著特征的区域;多孔方型人工鱼礁上升流的最大速度与来流速度的比值约为0.95倍;多孔方型人工鱼礁周围上升流最大抬升高度与鱼礁高度之比约为2.1;多孔方型人工鱼礁的结构在一定程度上为鱼礁周围的流态多样性提供了较有利的作用;多孔方型人工鱼礁的布设间距对2个鱼礁单体间的旋涡数量和旋涡方向有较大影响,也对涡量大小和涡量分布范围产生影响。研究表明,在一定范围内,布设间距越大,涡量越大,分布范围越广,但超过一定范围后,涡量不再增大,分布范围也不再扩大;多孔方型人工鱼礁的布设间距越大,背涡流在X方向和Y方向的影响面积越大。研究结果清晰地展现了不同布设间距下的人工鱼礁的流场效应,对在特定条件下进行人工鱼礁投放和布设具有重要意义。     

建设人工鱼礁 保护青岛近海资源环境

人工鱼礁作为改善近海生态环境、保护和增殖近海渔业资源的重要措施之一,已为人们所共识.青岛市是我国开展人工鱼礁工作较早的沿海城市之一,早在1981年起,就先后在胶南市的灵山岛和胡家山海域投放人工鱼礁510个,礁区面积近7万m2,在人工鱼礁的理论与实践上进行了卓有成效的工作.然而,在全国新一轮的人工鱼礁建设工作中,青岛市的发展则相对滞后.本文根据国内外人工鱼礁建设的成功经验,从履行国际海洋义务、保护海洋环境与资源、开发"立体式、环保型、多元化"生态增养殖模式和发展休闲渔业等几个方面,论述了青岛市建设人工鱼礁的必要性;从青岛沿海的环境与资源条件、已有工作基础和科研力量等分析了青岛市建设人工鱼礁的可行性.建议在青岛沿海开展人工鱼礁建设,使其成为实施"青岛市碧海行动计划"、建设生态城市、促进海洋经济可持续发展和造福子孙后代的高层次公益事业.     

吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼（GIFT）在池塘养殖条件下的生长试验

在池塘养殖条件下初次选育吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼,主养密庹1 200尾/666.7 m2,经过100d生长,平均规格达273.0 g,其中雌、雄规格分别大于258.0 g和345.0 g.在生长过程中,体重趋于直线型增长(W=48.53L-603.8,R2=0.812),个体体重差异趋于减小,体型趋向变宽变厚,试验期间每月间隔差异极其显著(P<0.0001).溶氧和温度为限制生长的主要环境因子.     

海州湾人工鱼礁养护资源效果初探

20 0 3年 7月至 2 0 0 3年 12月在连云港海州湾投放了第一批人工鱼礁 ,2 5 0个单体大礁 ,75 0个小礁体 ,30只船礁 ,共计 135 30m3 (空方 )。为了探讨海州湾人工鱼礁投放后鱼礁区的渔业资源养护情况 ,对该海区进行 6个航次的调查 ,投礁前调查 3次 ,投礁后调查 3次。调查结果表明 :人工鱼礁投放后鱼礁区生物多样性指数和丰度均有所增加 ;鱼礁区CPUE比投礁前增加 1倍左右 ,其中鱼类的CPUE增加最多。鱼礁区比对照区相对应时期的CPUE要高许多 ;优势资源种类也有一定的变化。     

The influence of seagrass donor source on small‐scale transplant resilience

1. Concern for conservation of seagrass habitat has prompted international transplantation‐style restoration efforts. A recent review of these restoration efforts has highlighted the low success associated with small‐scale restorations, yet scaling up transplantation effort may be too costly for underfunded regions. Small‐scale transplant survival can be enhanced with alleviation of two underlying issues: restoration site selection and donor site selection.
2. To investigate appropriate donor source selection, donor site environmental influence on seagrass (Halodule wrightii) transplant survival was examined by transplanting donor cores from two environmentally disparate sites to a transplantation site with limited environmental uncertainties. Donor sites were chosen to represent either end of a benthic light gradient (high versus low) to elucidate seagrass resilience to transplantation stress, with respect to donor site conditions.
3. After total loss of the first trial, a second trial was conducted with stabilizing mesh placed over transplants to reduce stingray bioturbation. The second trial resulted in 100% survival of high light transplants after 12 months and moderate survival (30–60%) of low light transplants for the first six months.
4. At 18 months, the second trial ended after sediment burial from a hurricane. One year post‐burial, a patch of H. wrightii recovered at the high light transplant site; after six years the patch expanded to approximately 74 m², an area 37‐fold larger than originally planted.
5. Results from this transplant experiment provide evidence that donor environment plays a role in transplant resilience. The transplants sourced from high light had 47% greater leaf area per shoot, were more resistant to transplantation stress, and recovered following an extreme event relative to low light transplants. Therefore, selection of donor plants with more resilience features, a transplantation site with limited environmental uncertainties, and adaptive intervention can enhance seagrass resilience at a small planting scale.

     

Diplodus spp. assemblages on artificial reefs: importance for near shore fisheries

Abstract  Artificial reefs have been deployed along the southern coast of Portugal (Algarve) since 1990 to enhance artisanal fisheries. The objectives of this study were to: (1) describe the colonisation process; (2) assess the role of the artificial reefs in terms of juvenile recruitment and growth and as mating/spawning areas and (3) evaluate the potential of artificial reefs as near shore artisanal fishing grounds for three economically important fish species, Diplodus bellottii (Steindachner), Diplodus sargus (L.) and Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire). The fish assemblages were monitored after the deployment of a large artificial reef (Faro/Ancão) in 2002. Colonisation rates for the three species were fast. Artificial reefs play a multiple role for Diplodus spp., acting as recruitment, growth and nursery areas for juveniles, and spawning/mating areas for adults, and can thus be considered essential fish habitat. Three months after deployment of the artificial reefs, exploitable biomass was 16, 29 and 8 kg per reef group, respectively, for D. bellotti , D. sargus and D. vulgaris . These results indicate that artificial reefs quickly become good fishing grounds, where suitable financial yields may be obtained by fisher. Moreover, the artificial reefs became new and alternative fishing grounds, allowing reduction of fishing effort over traditional rocky areas that are scarce along the Algarve coast. Management measures for artificial reefs, in terms of fishing strategies, are discussed.     

澄海莱芜人工鱼礁集鱼效果初步评价

2003和2007年分别对澄海莱芜人工鱼礁区进行了投礁前的本底调查和投礁后的跟踪调查。结果表明，投礁后礁区海域游泳生物的资源密度明显比投礁前高，增加了25．63倍；礁区海域各类资源种类均比投礁前丰富，总种数由投礁前的23种增加至41种，比投礁前增加了0．78倍，其中，蟹类种数增加最多，增加了1．75倍；在本底调查中没有出现的经济种类龙头鱼Harpodon nehereus和红星梭子蟹Portunus sanguinolentus在跟踪调查中已成为主要优势种；Shannon—Wienver多样性指数（H’）在礁区和对比区均比投礁前有所增加。表明鱼礁投放后，鱼礁区集鱼效果和群落结构明显改善，人工鱼礁建设取得了明显的生态效益和经济效益。     

Artificial reef placement: a red snapper,Lutjanus campechanus,ecosystem and fuzzy rule‐based model

Abstract This study on reef placement involves two aspects: (1) the development of a bioenergetics model for red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus (Poey), in Gulf of Mexico waters off the coast of Alabama, where significant numbers of artificial reefs are thought to exist, and (2) a fuzzy rough set model by which parameters determined from the bioenergetics model can provide a decision tool for optimally spacing artificial reefs during deployment. The bioenergetics and consumption rates of L. campechanus by age class foraging on artificial reefs in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Alabama provided input into the fuzzy rule‐based model. After conducting multiple simulations, highest certainty in optimal reef spacing was achieved for reef distances between 0.50 and 0.95 km such that no more than two fit within a 1‐km² area. Results can inform fisheries managers about placement of artificial reefs to affect the health and survival of reef‐associated species.     

现场海域人工鱼礁分布状态聚类分析

人工鱼礁的流场营造、鱼类诱集等建设目标,一般是通过单位鱼礁、鱼礁群等不同规模的形式实现的;实际投放的成千上百个人工鱼礁处于何种分布状态、它们是否满足单位鱼礁等规模要求,是非常值得关注的课题。本文利用空间聚类分析,借助基于划分的算法、基于层次的算法和基于约束的算法对投放后的鱼礁进行划分、归类或剔除,并选择单位鱼礁的重心、影响面积、鱼礁单体数量以及礁体间距4个指标进行比较分析,探讨人工鱼礁实际的组合聚类模式。结果显示3种空间聚类算法误差的排列顺序为：约束算法<划分算法<层次算法。通过对比分析,在基于约束的聚类算法下,最能反映人工鱼礁的实际集聚情况。     

不同材料类型人工鱼礁建设的经济效益浅析

对不同人工鱼礁造礁材料的成本和投放成本的调查,从经济学成本管理的角度出发,对不同造礁材料的人工鱼礁产生的经济效益进行了初步的测算和分析,进一步阐明不同人工鱼礁造礁材料的优越性,为人工鱼礁建设事业的可持续健康发展提供依据。同时对人工鱼礁建设所面临的问题及解决问题的具体措施也作了简要的阐述。研究结果表明：钢筋混凝土鱼礁、石料鱼礁可以作为较好的增殖型鱼礁、渔获型鱼礁、游钓型鱼礁的建礁材料;工程塑料鱼礁可以作为浮鱼礁的建礁材料;钢制鱼礁可以将其作为石块或混凝土等鱼礁的钢制框架或筋材,做成增殖型鱼礁、渔获型鱼礁以及游钓型鱼礁;旧轮胎鱼礁建议不要作为鱼礁材料使用;木竹制鱼礁不建议大规模选用为建礁材料。     

红纤维虾形草移植植株存活、生长和生理对不同水动力条件的响应

红纤维虾形草(Phyllospadix iwatensis)属鳗草科、虾形草属,与大多数分布于软底质(如泥沙)的海草不同,红纤维虾形草主要在岩石底质上生长,且通常生长在风浪流较强的环境中.为了探究通过移植的方式修复衰退虾形草床的可行性,于2019年4月-2020年8月在山东荣成马山里海域高、中、低3个不同水动力条件的区...     

Seasonal and sex differences in energy reserves of red snapper <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lutjanus campechanus</Emphasis> on natural and artificial reefs in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico

To evaluate the energetic condition of red snapper inhabiting natural and artificial reefs in the Gulf of Mexico, the liver-somatic index (LSI) and muscle tissue caloric density (CD) were measured for fish collected between September 2011 and October 2013. Liver energy reserves were highest in spring and decreased during summer, with greater LSI values at natural reefs in spring. While female red snapper LSI was greater than males at the natural reefs, indicating a larger energetic investment for spawning, it did not differ between males and females at the artificial reefs. Females at natural reefs have the ability to invest more energy in reproduction than females at artificial reefs, which is reflected in larger female LSI values at the natural reefs. Caloric density was highest in winter and decreased through fall at the natural reefs, with the opposite trend observed at artificial reefs. Muscle energy reserves are likely utilized for gonad development, while stored liver energy is utilized during and after spawning. Female red snapper at natural reefs can exhibit greater energy reserves, and thus a higher energetic condition than females at artificial reefs. Recognizing that energetic condition differs between habitats could enhance future red snapper stock assessments.