北太平洋鱿鱼肌肉蛋白质凝胶特性的研究

以北太平洋鱿鱼为原料,从擂溃工艺、弹性补强剂、品质改良剂以及加热方式对鱿鱼肌肉蛋白质凝胶特性进行了较为系统的研究.先利用正交试验设计分别确定擂溃参数,淀粉、植物蛋白和水的添加量,并在此基础上通过单因素试验确定转谷氨酰胺酶、柠檬酸钠、多磷酸盐的添加量及加热方式.研究结果表明,在试验范围内,擂溃温度3 ℃,空溃5 min,盐溃10 min;添加8%植物蛋白,10%淀粉,20%水分,凝胶弹性较好.采用二段加热,柠檬酸钠、转谷氨酰胺酶、多磷酸盐的添加量分别为0.2%、0.2%、0.3%,鱼糜的凝胶性能较好.     

北太平洋剑尖枪乌贼鱿鱼资源与渔场

l序言剑尖枪乌贼（Omnastrephesbartrami）从副热带至副极地海域，分布范围极广。个体重超过5kg，属大型鱿种。1978年～1992年大规模流网在北太平洋公海上作业。1992年末．流网作业因无针对性而破坏了其它资源、受到国际性的批评，从而由联合国作出限期禁止流网作业的决定。为此，从1992年开始、日本水产厅正式进行鱿钓作业的渔场调查并研究替代流网作业的渔法。本文就枪乌贼鱿鱼渔业的历史及其生态介绍其渔场的形成。2枪乌贼渔业概况70年代，日本周边太平洋柔鱼产量剧减．1973年开始在三陆、道东沿海进行枪乌贼钓捕作业．1977年达到12万吨…     

鱼肉脱脂对双轴挤压组织化的影响

鲱经采肉,脱脂等处理后,与大豆分离蛋白混合经双轴挤出机共同挤出,套筒温度为１６０℃,送料速度３３ｋｇ／ｈ,螺轴转速１２０ｒ／ｍｉｎ,实验结果表明,脂肪含量为２．８％,１．６％（干基）的两种脱脂鱼肉,呈现出优越的组织化性能,挤出物呈多孔膨松结构,并且具有类似畜肉的韧性和咀嚼感,电子显微镜扫描结果显示,该组织化产量具有良好纤维结构并没有挤出方向定向。     

北太平洋渔场鱿鱼钓船手钓对产量的影响

根据作业于北太平洋的鱿鱼钓船的产量数据,经过分析后指出,对于在北太平洋作业的鱿鱼多谢为说,手钓具有举足轻重的地位,机钓与手是相辅助订成,缺一不可的,应该通过经济论证来最后确定最佳船长,合理搭配机钓和手钓,使鱿鱼钓船获得最佳的经济效益。     

鱼肉蛋白质热塑挤压组织化中过程参数的优化模型

挤压蒸煮处理可以改变鱼肉蛋白质的功能特性,这些改变与挤压机的操作参数是密不可分的。利用响应面分析方法讲究Clextral BC-45型双轴挤出蒸煮机的操作参数对鱼肉蛋白质进行热塑挤压组织化的影响。研究的3个操作参数分别是末段腔体温度,螺杆转速和喂料湿度,每一个变量设5个水平。测量作为组织化产物功能特性的持水性指数及质构特性,分别建立持水性与操作参数,质构特性与操作参数的回归拟合方程。研究结果表明喂料湿度、螺杆转速和腔体温度对挤出物质构的影响是不同的;持水性与操作参数,质构特性与操作参数的回归拟合力方程的相关系数R^2分别是1.000和0.933,拟合的统计模型可信度高。     

东黄海鱿鱼渔场环境初步研究

<正> 一、前言 东黄海鱿鱼的捕捞自70年代以来,我国和日本已开始进行,产量高的年份可达6万多吨,但产量的年际变动较大。在东海区我国渔轮也曾兼捕到一些太平洋褶柔鱼,年产量有1.5千吨左右。近几年来生产渔船及科学考察船,在东黄海区曾发现了一些鱿鱼的中心渔场,产量虽有波动,但仍呈上升趋势。渔业界普遍认为鱿鱼是当前东黄海区     

黄海鱿鱼渔况的初步研究

<正> 太平洋褶柔鱼(Todarodes pacificussteenstrup,原名太平洋斯氏柔鱼,以下简称鱿鱼)是一种经济价值较高的头足类.近几年第三季度,烟渔公司把它作为主要捕捞对象,并取得了很大的经济效益.在鱿鱼的索饵场中,尤以黄海渔场(38°～39°N,123°E 以东和35°30′～37°30′N,124°E 以东)和东海北部渔场(30°～32°30′N,125°E 以西,简称南渔场)最为重要,故研究鱿鱼在黄海     

鱿鱼鱼精蛋白的提取工艺优化研究

通过单因素和正交试验研究了鱿鱼精巢提取鱿鱼鱼精蛋白的优化工艺,并对优化工艺提取的鱿鱼鱼精蛋白进行了分析.结果表明,最佳提取工艺为硫酸浓度0.3M、硫酸用量为3倍、提取次数2次、冷乙醇用量为3倍;该条件下,鱿鱼鱼精蛋白的得率为3.42％,蛋白质含量达93％,且氨基酸组成齐全,碱性氨基酸占26.20％,其中精氨酸占9.61％,Tricine-SDS-PAGE电泳结果分析表明其组成成分比较复杂.     

挤压蒸煮操作参数对鱼蛋白高水分模拟产物组织化效果的影响

对高水分鱼蛋白的挤压组织化进行研究, 以双轴挤压设备操作参数中的进料水分、腔体温度、螺杆转速、进料速率和电机转速为影响参数, 挤压模拟产物的纤维化程度、硬度、弹性、咀嚼性和色泽为响应因素, 通过中心组合设计及响应面分析法, 探讨了高水分挤压重组技术对鱼蛋白模拟肉类产物特性的影响。结果表明: 首先, 高水分组织化模拟产物具有明显的天然肉类的纤维结构、方向性、弹性和口感。其次, 进料水分对产物的纤维化度、硬度和咀嚼性影响相当显著(P<0.01), 对模拟物色泽中的L^*和a^*影响显著(P<0.05), 进料水分的增加使产物的纤维化度、硬度、咀嚼性和a^*降低, 但提升产物 L^*; 腔体温度对产物的咀嚼性和a^*影响特别显著(P<0.01), 对硬度影响显著(P<0.05), 升高腔体温度会增加的产物咀嚼性和a^*, 硬度则先上升后下降; 进料速率对产物的纤维化度影响极其显著(P<0.01)。     

北太平洋巴特柔鱼渔业2001年低产原因分析

中国在1993年开始试捕北太平洋巴特柔鱼后,数年间在该海域无论是船只数也好(年年维持在三、四百艘左右),渔获量也好(年产量在10×104t左右),中国的鱿钓船队已发展成为该渔业的主要生产力量。但2001年却遇到了前所未有的挫折,年产量跌到7×104t多。通过对2001年的渔海况进行综合分析研究,结果表明2001年度从海况方面而言,2001年存在的不利于柔鱼生长、集群的因素主要有:黑潮大蛇行、黑潮势力偏弱、北部水温过低和渔汛期流隔不明显。从资源情况而言,西部资源较大幅度的下降是使得渔获量减少的主要原因。而饵料不足也是渔获量降低的原因之一。此外,对东部渔场鱿鱼洄游、分布规律了解不够,使得这一群体未得到充分利用。所以,2001年低产是多方面因素造成的,且在不同海区其主要原因各不相同。     

Nutritive value of squid and hydrolyzed protein supplement in shrimp feed

Though some protein sources like squid and protein hydrolysates are assumed as growth enhancers for shrimp, little is known about the biochemical basis of this phenomenon. Low, heat-dried squid (Dosidicus gigas) (SQ) and two commercial protein hydrolysates from fish (FH) and krill (Euphasia sp.) (KH) were assayed in feeding trials with Penaeus vannamei. Feeds were prepared with the tested proteins at 3%, 9%, and 15% of the total crude protein. A total of nine experimental feeds plus a commercial one as control (C32) were tried. Additionally, digestibility in vivo and in vitro was evaluated. Survival was not different among groups. Weight gain of shrimp and total and specific proteolytic activity for trypsin and chymotrypsin were affected by type and quantity of supplemented protein. In vivo and in vitro digestibilities were also influenced by the source and quantity of the protein supplement. Shrimp fed feed with FH at 3% protein supplementation grew more than those fed with higher supplementations. Groups fed SQ had similar results as those fed FH, and gained more weight when fed the lowest SQ quantity. SDS-PAGE showed a large concentration of small peptides in SQ, which may explain results similar to FH. KH enhanced shrimp growth at all supplementations and had a lower degree of hydrolysis (DH) than FH. SQ also demonstrated good growth performance, but better at the lower supplementation, probably because of the presence of small peptides and possibly free amino acids from protein hydrolyzed by endogenous enzymes in the squid mantle. We conclude that hydrolyzed protein is a good supplement for shrimp feeds, but it must meet specific requirements for adequate assimilation.     

北太平洋公海秋刀鱼渔场初步分析

根据2004年7~11月“中远渔1号”调查船北太平洋公海秋刀鱼渔场探捕调查的生产情况,对秋刀鱼渔场进行分析。结果发现:①秋刀鱼渔场可根据渔场位置分为北部渔场和南部渔场,北部渔场范围为44°~45°N、156°~158°E,南部渔场范围为41°~42°N、150°~151°E,南部渔场的分布范围小于北部渔场。②秋刀鱼的生产以11月份生产最好,平均日产量达22.7t,其中最高日产量为60.42t;8月份的秋刀鱼生产最差,平均日产量为2.95t,与2003年的12.05t反差较大,主要是由于受到渔场环境因子变化的影响,鱼发位置偏至俄罗斯专属经济区内的缘故。③秋刀鱼舷提网作业平均日放网次数达7.6次,最高1天放网次数达到16次,而最高网次产量为11.05t。④秋刀鱼渔获组成以中小型鱼为主,占80%以上,除7月份渔获中特大型秋刀鱼占有较大比例外,其余月份很少有特大级秋刀鱼。⑤在相近的渔场位置,秋刀鱼个体随着生产月份的推迟,鱼体呈变小的趋势。     

利用小型低值鱼生产几种方便食品的加工工艺

一、美味鱼酥 １．原料：新鲜或块冻的梅童鱼为原料。２工艺流程： 预处理（去头、内脏）→洗净→浸泡→沥水→调味腌渍→干燥→二次调味→称量包装→真空封口→高温杀菌→冷却→检查擦干→套外包装袋→装箱 ３．操作要点： （ｌ）冷冻鱼解冻：气温＜２０℃时，隔天出库，平摊于盘中，自然解冻。气温＞２０℃时，当天出库，采用流水解冻。 （２）原料鱼预处理：将鲜鱼或解冻鱼摘除鱼头、内脏，以清水洗净。 （３）浸泡：将以上洗净的鱼沥干称重后投入水槽中，加入３－４倍的清水，浸泡２０ｍｉｎ，浸除血渍、污物。 （４）调味：沥水完毕的…     

利用分位数回归法估算西北太平洋柔鱼生长率

柔鱼(Ommastrephes bartramii是西北太平洋重要的经济头足类,其生长率估算是渔业生物学研究的主要内容之一.本文根据2007年7～10月西北太平洋海域连续采集的柔鱼样本,利用分位数法对其生长率进行估算.结果表明,分位数τ分别为0.05、0.1、0.25、0.5、0.75、0.9、0.95时,雌性在时间上...     

海上加工鱿鱼卷操作方案

鱿鱼含有丰富的蛋白质及人体需要的多种不饱和脂肪酸和微量元素,鱿鱼及其制成品已成为人们普遍喜食的水产品之一。鱿鱼的深加工亦是当前生产经营单位取得更好经济效益的出路。在海上直接将钓获的鱿鱼现场加工成鱿鱼卷,可大大提高鱿鱼卷的品质,更加符合当前市场消费的趋势。现结合实际经验,就海上加工鱿鱼卷的操作方案作如下概述。 一、加工前的准备工作 １．鱼钓上船之前,派专人将甲板、鱼槽、鱼卷盘和各种容、器具冲洗干净,符合卫生标准。 ２．在加工间工作台上,准备好一切工具、用具,并放在适当位置。 ３．检查平板冻结机及有关的…     

Seasonal potential fishing ground prediction of neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) in the western and central North Pacific

We explored the seasonal potential fishing grounds of neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) in the western and central North Pacific using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) models fitted with squid fishery data as response and environmental factors from remotely sensed [sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height (SSH), eddy kinetic energy (EKE), wind stress curl (WSC) and numerical model‐derived sea surface salinity (SSS)] covariates. The potential squid fishing grounds from January–February (winter) and June–July (summer) 2001–2004 were simulated separately and covered the near‐coast (winter) and offshore (summer) forage areas off the Kuroshio–Oyashio transition and subarctic frontal zones. The oceanographic conditions differed between regions and were regulated by the inherent seasonal variability and prevailing basin dynamics. The seasonal and spatial extents of potential squid fishing grounds were largely explained by SST (7–17°C in the winter and 11–18°C in the summer) and SSS (33.8–34.8 in the winter and 33.7–34.3 in the summer). These ocean properties are water mass tracers and define the boundaries of the North Pacific hydrographic provinces. Mesoscale variability in the upper ocean inferred from SSH and EKE were also influential to squid potential fishing grounds and are presumably linked to the augmented primary productivity from nutrient enhancement and entrainment of passive plankton. WSC, however, has the least model contribution to squid potential fishing habitat relative to the other environmental factors examined. Findings of this work underpin the importance of SST and SSS as robust predictors of the seasonal squid potential fishing grounds in the western and central North Pacific and highlight MaxEnt's potential for operational fishery application.     

海洋低值小杂鱼的加工现状和方向

目前,海洋主要经济鱼类资源枯萎,而低值小杂鱼由于其具有的种种缺点,造成捕捞与加工不足。因此,研究如何利用低值小杂鱼十分必要。一、海洋低值小杂色的加工现状1动物蛋白饲料：由于我国水产养殖及特种养殖的高速发展,动物蛋白饲料的需求量增长十分迅猛,1995年我国动物蛋白的加工量为26O995吨,1996年为359451吨,年均增长率超过37％,尽管如此,我国每年仍从国外进口35万吨左右的鱼粉。1999年上半年,鱼粉进口就达33万吨,占水产品进口总量的45％。这说明我国动物蛋白饲料的需求量较大,仍将有进一步扩大的可能性。动物蛋白饲料具有…     

北太平洋长鳍金枪鱼年龄与生长初步研究

北太平洋长鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus alalunga)是金枪鱼渔业的主要捕捞对象之一,其资源的养护和管理日益受到各方关注,鱼类年龄鉴定是渔业资源研究的重要内容之一。根据2013~2014年北太平洋长鳍金枪鱼探捕所采集的227个脊椎骨样本,用不同的染色方法分成4组进行年龄的鉴定,选用线性模型、指数模型和幂指数模型对叉长和脊椎骨半径进行拟合,最后选出结果最好的鉴定组和拟合模型,通过年龄鉴定估算长鳍金枪鱼的Von Bertalanffy生长方程。研究结果表明,北太平洋长鳍金枪鱼的叉长范围为52~104 cm,优势叉长组为81~90 cm,占总数的83.1%;年龄组成以5、6龄较多,占样本总数的80.86%。最终得到北太平洋长鳍金枪鱼生长方程为:Lt=109.180 2[1-e~(-0.258 783(t-1.991 28))],t_(tp)=2.25。     

Spatial distribution of the Japanese common squid, Todarodes pacificus, during its northward migration in the western North Pacific Ocean

The spatial distribution of Todarodes pacificus in and near the Kuroshio/Oyashio Transition Zone during its northward migration was examined by comparative surveys using two types of mid‐water trawl net and supplementary squid jigging from June to July 2000. The vertical and horizontal distribution patterns varied for different body sizes in relation to the oceanographic structure. Todarodes pacificus of 1–20 cm dorsal mantle length (ML) were widely distributed from the coastal waters of Japan to near 162°E longitude, probably due to transport by the Kuroshio Extension (KE). Todarodes pacificus smaller than 10 cm ML were mainly distributed in temperate surface layers at sea surface temperatures (SSTs) >15°C near the KE meander probably because of their poor tolerance to lower temperatures and limited swimming ability. Squid of 10–15 cm ML were distributed in the offshore waters of 10–15°C SST and in the coastal waters of northern Honshu, and underwent diel vertical migrations between the sea surface at night and deeper layers during the daytime. Squid larger than 15 cm ML were distributed in the coastal feeding grounds of northern Honshu and Hokkaido until they began their southward spawning migration. They also underwent diel vertical migrations, but remained deeper at night than the squid of 10–15 cm ML; this migration pattern closely matched that of their main prey such as euphausiids. We concluded that as T. pacificus grow, they shift their distribution range from the temperate surface layer around the KE toward the colder deeper layers, above 5°C, in the Oyashio and coastal areas.