首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
以海蜇新生螅状幼体为研究对象,采用实验生态学方法研究3种高温(室内恒温、夏季常温、夏季高温)、3种饵料投喂频率(无饵料投喂、每7 d投喂1次、每2 d投喂1次)及其交互作用对海蜇螅状幼体的死亡率、个体生长和足囊繁殖的影响,试验持续45 d。试验结果显示:高温条件下,饵料投喂频率显著影响海蜇螅状幼体的死亡率(P<0.05);而高温、饵料投喂频率及两者交互作用均显著影响海蜇螅状幼体的相对生长率(P<0.05);各高温组中螅状幼体生成的足囊数均随饵料投喂频率的增加而增多;足囊萌发率最多出现在夏季常温-每7 d投喂1次组,平均为34.34%;饵料投喂频率对海蜇螅状幼体生成足囊数及足囊萌发率影响显著(P<0.05),高温及两者交互作用对海蜇螅状幼体生成足囊数及足囊萌发率影响均不显著(P>0.05)。试验结果表明,尽管高温条件下海蜇螅状幼体死亡率高,但存活的螅状幼体足囊繁殖速度快,足囊繁殖速度随温度的升高而加快可能是螅状幼体应对高温死亡率增加的一种繁殖策略。试验结果可为提高海蜇育苗技术和准确预报苗种产量提供科学依据。  相似文献   

2.
环境因子对海蜇早期幼体发育影响的生态学研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
海蜇是经济价值很高的大型食用水母,历来是我国沿岸渔业的重要捕捞对象。本文综述了营养条件、温度、盐度、光照、溶氧、重金属、pH、氨氮对海蜇足囊繁殖与横裂生殖以及螅状体与碟状体生存的影响,对海蜇早期幼体发育的研究进展情况进行了概述。总结发现:环境因子对海蜇幼体发育影响的作用机理有待进一步探讨,环境突变对海蜇横裂生殖的影响以及海蜇碟状体到水母体系统发育过程的研究尚需补充完善。  相似文献   

3.
白色霞水母各发育阶段的形态   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
董婧 《水产学报》2006,30(6):761-766
对白色霞水母从受精卵到成体水母各发育期的形态进行了描述。受精卵发育成带纤毛的浮 浪幼虫,浮浪幼虫在定置前形成一种凸面的圆形浮浪幼体囊, 经脱囊狭窄柄部拉长进而变成一个细长颈瓶形状,萌发出4个触手成为早期螅状体;螅状体可产生足囊和通过产生匍匐茎形成囊胞进而发育成新的螅状体;横裂为典型的单碟型横裂;新释放的碟状幼体绝大多数为8个缘叶,8个感觉棍和8对钝圆的缘瓣,但畸形个体最多12个,最少6个缘叶,同时对海蜇与白色霞水母的碟状幼体形态进行了比较。成体水母伞径200~300 mm,大型个体超过500 mm。外伞表面光滑,近中央的伞顶上有许多密集的刺胞丛隆起, 8个缘叶,8个感觉棍,口腕非常发达,口腕上有大量刺细胞团。可根据感觉胃囊和触手囊是否连接、缘瓣水管的排列类型、外伞顶中央是否有刺细胞丛以及个体伞径和颜色对白色霞水母、发形霞水母、棕色霞水母和紫色霞水母进行鉴别。  相似文献   

4.
温度、盐度和光照对海蜇足囊繁殖的影响   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
在实验室条件下,就温度、盐度和光照对海蜇(Rhopilemaesculentakishinouye)足囊形成和萌发的影响进行观察。温度实验在0~30℃范围内设7组,盐度实验在2~32.1‰范围内设16个梯度,光照分为自然光和黑暗两组。实验显示:10℃以上海蜇无足囊繁殖迹象,15~30℃范围内,随温度升高,海蜇足囊繁殖能力增强;6‰以下盐度,海蜇不能进行足囊繁殖,20~22‰是海蜇足囊繁殖的最适盐度;黑暗有利于足囊繁殖。温度是足囊繁殖的关键因子,盐度和光照是足囊繁殖的充分条件。作者认为,适宜的环境因子是海蜇螅状体形成的必要条件,尽管足囊可以抵御外界的恶劣环境,但足囊形成并非需要不良环境因子诱导,足囊繁殖是海蜇螅状体一种正常的无性繁殖方式  相似文献   

5.
莱州湾海蜇人工育苗技术的研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
通过3年莱州湾海蜇人工育苗和放流试验,对育苗设施,亲蜇采捕,运输和暂养技术,对产卵孵化,对浮浪幼虫、螅状幼体、碟状体的培育技术,对足囊繁殖和横裂生殖习性以及出苗放流方法进行了研究,1995年7月专家鉴定认为,本技术在国内外尚无先例,在国内达到先进水平,其中检验海蜇放流增殖效果的方法属国内首例。  相似文献   

6.
四种大型水母横裂生殖的差异与其种群数量变动的初探   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
在实验室培养了4种大型水母:海蜇、海月水母、白色霞水母及沙海蜇的螅状体.在相同的生态环境下,观察了这4种螅状体的横裂生殖, 其横裂生殖率:海蜇100%、海月水母100%、白色霞水母0%、沙海蜇0%.经过横裂生殖螅状体的存活率:海蜇20%、海月水母100%.未横裂生殖螅状体的存活率为100%,同时探讨了这4种大型水母的种群数量变化原因.  相似文献   

7.
营养条件对海蜇螅状体形成足囊及足囊萌发的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
郭平 《水产学报》1990,14(3):206-211
用卤虫(Artemia)无节动体作为海蜇(Rhopilema esculenta)螅状幼体的饵料,按不同投饵频次划分为7个营养水平,考察不同营养水平对海蜇螅状体形成足囊及足囊萌发的影响。结果表明,营养条件不仅对螅状体形成足囊的数量有直接影响,而且对足囊萌发也有明显的间接影响。在具备丰富的营养条件下,螅状体形成足囊活跃,个体大,易于萌发;缺乏营养则抑制足囊形成,即使形成足囊,个体也小,不萌发或萌发率很低。  相似文献   

8.
以北部湾采捕黄斑海蜇Rhopilema hispidum vanhoffen,1888为亲体,通过人工繁殖的方法获得浮浪幼虫。在实验室培育条件下,对浮浪幼虫、螅状幼体、横裂幼体、碟状幼体和幼水母等多次变态发育过程进行了系统观察,描述了各发育阶段形态变化。首次报告了这个种的生活史,并比较了几种钵水母类螅状体的形态特征。  相似文献   

9.
温度、盐度和光照对海蜇足囊萌发的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
形成足囊是海蜇(Rhopilema esculenta Kishinouye)螅状幼体无性生殖的方式。但已形成的足囊,有的可萌发为新的螅状幼体,有的则不萌发乃致死亡。为探讨足囊的萌发机制,了解海蜇在自然条件下的种群数量变动规律,作者首先就温度、盐度和光度等环境因子对足囊萌发的影响进行观察,温度实验在0°—30℃范围内分7组,实验结果表明:10℃以下(包括℃)足囊不萌发;15℃—30℃范围内,足囊萌发率随温度升高而增加,25℃和30℃时足囊萌发率最大,为23.33%(实验进行22天)。盐度实验是在20°±1℃温度下,在盐度2~32.1‰范围内分16个梯度,每梯度又分别设黑暗与自然光两种光度水平,实验结果表明,盐度在8‰以下(包括8‰)足囊死亡,足囊萌发的最适范围为18~22‰,在盐度为22‰黑暗条件下,足囊萌发率最高为43.33%(实验进行24天),黑暗有利于足囊萌发。  相似文献   

10.
以日本白令海引进的咖啡金黄水母为亲本,通过人工繁殖的方法获得受精卵.在实验室培育条件下,对浮浪幼虫、螅状体、碟状体和水母幼体等多次变态发育过程进行了系统观察,描述了各发育阶段形态变化,首次报告了咖啡金黄水母的生活史.咖啡金黄水母为体外受精,卵为沉性,受精后6h内发育为浮浪幼虫,浮浪幼虫有明显的趋光性,在54 h内变态附着为4触手螅状体.螅状体能通过多种方式进行无性繁殖,于20℃横裂生殖,每个螅状体每次横裂产生8~21个碟状体,碟状体的数量和质量与横裂前螅状体的状态有关.合适的水流和充足的食物保证了碟状体在60 d内变态为伞径10cm的育成体.人工条件下,螅状体可长期保存,水母体能饲养8~10个月.  相似文献   

11.
增氧与投饵对海蜇足囊萌发的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对久置海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye)螅状体足囊在不同培养条件下的萌发状况进行了为期1个星期的连续观察.结果表明,海蜇进行横裂生殖苗种生产后的附着基,弃置3个月后其上的足囊仍然具有萌发能力.这些足囊在投饵并充气增氧、仅充气增氧不投饵、仅投饵不充气增氧3种情况下的萌发率分别为69.08%、48.83%、34.90%,充气增氧情况下的足囊萌发率显著高于不充气增氧的情况(P<0.01),投饵情况下的足囊萌发率高于不投饵的情况.结果说明,足囊作为海蜇度过不良环境条件的一种有效策略,其萌发与否在海蜇足囊繁殖过程中更为重要.在溶解氧含量并不成为限制因素的情况下,充气增氧所带来的涡旋水流刺激是促进海蜇足囊萌发更主要的因素,可能和所投喂饵料的体外分泌物一样成为食物丰歉程度的一种信号,进而促进或诱发海蜇足囊的萌发.本研究旨在探讨提高海蜇足囊前发率的有效手段,为提高海蜇苗种培育效率提供基础依据.  相似文献   

12.
In order to obtain optimum feeding frequency in young red-spotted grouper, 25 000 fish averaging 4.7 cm in total length were divided into five groups in duplicate floating net-cages. Each group was reared with the same feeding ration to the fish weight but with different feeding frequencies: one, two, four, six, and eight times daily, respectively. High feeding frequencies resulted in high weight gain, high feed conversion efficiency, and high survival rate. The highest muscle mass and the highest levels of muscle protein were obtained at a feeding frequency of six times daily. While muscle lipid decreased with increasing feeding frequency, lipid levels of the liver and intraperitoneal fat body tended to be elevated by high feeding frequencies. Triglyceride accumulation in the whole body increased with increasing feeding frequency, but was lower in the group fed eight times daily than in the other groups.

Based on the above results, a feeding frequency between four and six times daily is suggested to be optimum for achieving optimum growth rates and lipid reserves in young red-spotted grouper.  相似文献   


13.
Plasma growth hormone concentrations of rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss, fasted for six weeks, were significantly (p < 0.01) higher than in comparable fed animals; in the fasted fish, the levels fell progressively following acute stress (by displacing the fish within their home aquarium), with significant differences from pre-stressed fish evident between one and thirty-two hours after application of the stressor. Plasma growth hormone concentrations also fell significantly in the fed group, but differences were evident only between two and eight hours after stressor application.Plasma cortisol concentrations in pre- and post-stressed fed and fasted fish were similar. There was a bimodal response to stressor application in both groups, with significantly higher values relative to the pre-stressed sample evident one and eight hours after disturbance, but not after two, four or thirty-two hours. The changes in plasma cortisol levels between the initial (09:00h) sample and the sample taken eight hours later resembles the diet pattern seen in trout given access to self-demand feeders.Plasma glucose concentrations in pre-stressed fed animals were higher than in pre-stressed fasted fish. This relationship was also evident between one and four hours and thirty-two hours after stressor application. The post-stress rise in plasma glucose concentration was evident between one and four hours in the fed group, and between four and eight hours in fasted fish.The diel changes in plasma growth hormone and glucose concentrations could not be attributed to normal circadian patterns, and there was no apparent correlation between changes in plasma growth hormone and cortisol concentrations. There was a significant inverse correlation between plasma glucose and growth hormone concentrations when the total data set were analyzed, but these correlations were not apparent when the treatment groups were analyzed separately.  相似文献   

14.
研究青刺果种粕粉对鸡免疫器官及其免疫细胞动态变化的影响。将7日龄鸡分成实验组和对照组,每组设3个重复,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组的饲粮中分别添加10g/kg、15g/kg青刺果种粕粉,饲喂30d。第14、21、28日龄时分别取胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏制作切片。测定免疫器官中T淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞数量。实验结果表明,试验组在初期14、21日龄的脾脏、14日龄的法氏囊和28日龄的胸腺中的T淋巴细胞数量较对照组均升高显著(P<0.05或P<0.01);而试验组在后期21、28日龄的法氏囊、14日龄的脾脏和28日龄的胸腺中的巨噬细胞较对照组也同样升高显著(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结果提示,青刺果种粕粉能提高鸡的免疫力。  相似文献   

15.
选取400尾草鱼,平均体质量(62.15±9.78)g,随机分成4组,每组100尾鱼,其中1个对照组(投喂基础饲料),3个试验组[投喂复方中草药:基础饲料中分别添加2%(20g/kg)复方中草药Ⅰ(T1)、Ⅱ(T2)和Ⅲ(T3)]。每组分别在第0、7、14、21、28d采样,进行红细胞及白细胞计数和白细胞分类计数,且在第28d时测定肥满度和内脏指数。在第0、30d时称量质量测定生长指标。试验结果表明,饲养30d后,T1组、T2组、T3组的平均质量增加率分别比对照组提高了41.77%、90.38%和8.56%;在第14d,各试验组的单核细胞百分比极显著高于对照组(P0.01),14~21d,T2组在各试验组中淋巴细胞分类计数值最大。所以,在基础饲料中添加2%复方中草药Ⅱ可显著提高草鱼的生长性能和免疫力(P0.05),在3种试验复方中效果最佳,在生产中具有应用价值。  相似文献   

16.
In spring 2008, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) was detected for the first time in the Netherlands. The virus was isolated from rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), from a put‐and‐take fishery with angling ponds. IHNV is the causative agent of a serious fish disease, infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN). From 2008 to 2011, we diagnosed eight IHNV infections in rainbow trout originating from six put‐and‐take fisheries (symptomatic and asymptomatic fish), and four IHNV infections from three rainbow trout farms (of which two were co‐infected by infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, IPNV), at water temperatures between 5 and 15 °C. At least one farm delivered trout to four of these eight IHNV‐positive farms. Mortalities related to IHNV were mostly <40%, but increased to nearly 100% in case of IHNV and IPNV co‐infection. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis revealed that these 12 isolates clustered into two different monophyletic groups within the European IHNV genogroup E. One of these two groups indicates a virus‐introduction event by a German trout import, whereas the second group indicates that IHNV was already (several years) in the Netherlands before its discovery in 2008.  相似文献   

17.
Mature black sea bass, Centropristis striata L. (200–800 g), were captured in coastal South Carolina during the spawning season and administered hormones for ovulation induction and strip spawning. During both study years, control groups of females were incorporated into the study design and administered sham injections containing physiological saline solution. In 2004, females received a single intramuscular injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (330 IU kg−1) (n=8) or two injections of hCG at 24‐h intervals (n=8). In 2005, females received a single injection of hCG (n=10) or an analogue of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRHa) (n=10). In 2004, all fish administered a single dose of hCG ovulated at least once. Six fish ovulated on two consecutive days and one fish ovulated on 3 days consecutively. In contrast, six of eight fish receiving two doses of hCG ovulated once, five ovulated on 2 days successively and three fish ovulated 3 days in succession. Of the fish that spawned, no differences were found in any reproductive parameters. In 2005, all fish administered hCG or LHRHa ovulated at least once. Three fish administered hCG ovulated twice, four fish ovulated on three consecutive days and one fish 4 days successively. All fish administered LHRHa spawned at least twice, six fish ovulated thrice and three fish ovulated 4 days, successively. A significant difference in fertility was found between hCG (75.6±11.4%) and LHRHa (55.6±27.4%). The results of this study indicate that both hCG and LHRHa are effective for ovulation induction in prespawning black sea bass.  相似文献   

18.
赵智华 《畜禽业》2002,(4):X004-X006
本试验选用1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭600只,随机分为10个组(9个试验组+1个对照组),每组2个重复,每个重复30只肉仔鸭。试验组采用二因素,每个因素3个水平的完全随机设计,以研究抗生素(1~7日龄添加)和益生素(8~42日龄添加)组合使用对1~42日龄肉鸭生产性能的最佳水平组合。结果表明:土霉素用0.1%,益生素0.075%组合使用饲喂肉鸭的效果最佳。  相似文献   

19.
Recently, it has been found that the thermal experience during the earliest phases of development could determine the larval and postlarval growth characteristics of teleosts. In order to investigate the effects of the early temperature regime on the advanced stages of growth of sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L., this species was reared during the vitelline phase at two temperatures: natural temperature (15 °C) and 17.7±0.1 °C, and then larvae transferred to common temperature (natural temperature). Muscle growth was studied by morphometric and histochemical techniques (mATPase and NADH-TR). Body length and body mass were also measured. During the vitelline phase, muscle growth was similar in both experimental groups, but at 25 days, both hypertrophy and hyperplasia of white muscle fibres were greater in the prewarmed group (p<0.05). At the end of metamorphosis (80 days) and at 120 days, the average diameter of white muscle fibres, as well as the body length, were greater in the prewarmed group (p<0.05), but the number of white fibres did not differ significantly between groups. The morphological mosaic of white muscle fibres was observed at the end of metamorphosis, and the histochemical mosaic appeared gradually since the early postlarval stages. Thus, at 120 days, some specimens in both experimental groups showed three or four different mATPase staining white fibres: low (L), moderate (M), high (H) and/or very high (vH), whereas in other specimens, only L or M mATPase activity fibres were observed. Early T influenced the histochemical maturity of the white muscle. By 120 days, the proportion of H and vH fibres was greater in the prewarmed group (p=0.027; p=0.051, respectively). By 154 days, the four mATPase staining profiles (L, M, H, vH) were observed in all specimens of both groups, but the proportion of vH fibres was still higher in the prewarmed group. By 188 days, 3774 °C-day for the prewarmed group and 3759 °C-day for the natural temperature group, only slight differences between groups were observed in the histochemical properties and no differences were found in the number and size of white muscle fibres, neither in the body length and body mass of specimens.

In conclusion, a slight increase of temperature during the vitelline phase of sea bass increased the muscle growth and body length of fish in subsequent larval and postlarval stages, and advanced the histochemical maturity of the white muscle.  相似文献   


设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号