强降雨对粤西凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘微生物群落的影响

于强台风"莫拉菲"环流云系带来的持续强降雨天气前后(2009年7月14日和7月28日),对广东省茂名市电白县凡纳滨对虾半集约化养殖土池的水样和泥样进行调查,研究施用微生态制剂和未施用微生态制剂的虾池水体及底泥中的异养细菌、弧菌和芽孢杆菌的变化情况,并利用BIOLOGECO微板对水体和底泥的微生物群落代谢变化进行探讨。结果发现,定期施用微生态制剂的虾池水体和底泥中的细菌数量和微生物群落功能在强降雨前后基本保持稳定;未施用微生态制剂的虾池在强降雨后,水体的弧菌数升高,Simpson指数和McIntosh指数显著降低(P0.05),水体和底泥微生物群落对碳源的利用率变化明显。研究结果表明,与施用微生态制剂的虾池相比较,未施用微生态制剂的虾池在强降雨后,水体及沉积物环境波动变化明显,强降雨对其水域环境产生很大的影响。因此建议在对虾养殖过程中定期施用微生态制剂,并针对恶劣天气采取有效措施,以稳定虾池水体及沉积物的微生物生态。     

Biolog-ECO方法探究饲喂益生菌对凡纳滨对虾肠道微生物代谢及有效作用时间的影响

以霍氏肠杆菌(E3)和乳酸菌(R3)2株益生菌对凡纳滨对虾进行为期4周的养殖饲喂实验，饲喂后期利用Biolog-ECO方法对实验组及空白组的凡纳滨对虾肠道微生物菌群多样性的差异进行比较分析，以评价益生菌对凡纳滨对虾肠道微生物菌群代谢功能的影响。结果显示，添加霍氏肠杆菌(E3)或乳酸菌(R3)的实验组，与空白组相比较，平均每孔颜色变化率显著上升，表明益生菌增强了肠道微生物活性；凡纳滨对虾肠道微生物利用各类碳源的整体能力显著增强，表明益生菌可以促进水产动物的代谢功能；肠道微生物多样性指数(包括Shannon、Simpson和McIntosh指数)有明显差异，表明饲喂2株益生菌可以提高凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群的丰富度。其中，停喂霍氏肠杆菌后第1天和第5天取样结果表明，Shannon指数显著降低，Simpson和McIntosh指数显著升高；停喂乳酸菌后的第1天和第5天取样结果表明，Shannon指数无显著差异，Simpson和McIntosh指数显著升高；二者在第10天取样的结果中均无显著差异，表明饲料中添加益生菌可以改变凡纳滨对虾肠道内原有菌群的数量和结构，促进对虾肠道内微生物群落间复杂的相互作用，进而在维持或者促进对虾健康方面发挥着重要的作用，同时也表明此两株益生菌在凡纳滨对虾肠道中停留时间最少为5 d。     

碳菌调控对虾、蟹混养系统微生物群落功能多样性的影响

利用Biolog生态板方法和冗余分析(RDA)等方法,分析了菌碳调控对虾、蟹混养系统水体细菌群落功能多样性的影响,探讨了水体微生物群落多样性与不同环境因子间的关系。实验通过添加益生菌制剂和糖蜜调节养殖水体中菌群结构,共设6个处理,分别是为短小芽孢杆菌(C2)、蜡样芽孢杆菌(C3)、硝化细菌制剂(C4)、EM制剂(C5),以未添加菌制剂的处理为对照组(C1),另外以未添加碳源和菌制剂的处理为对照组(C0)。研究结果表明,不同菌碳下细菌群落对底物碳的利用数量和代谢强度存在较大差异。随着养殖时间的延长,处理组C3的碳代谢活性和对碳源的利用强度总体上高于其它处理组,而处理组C4较低和对照组C0相差不大。PCA分析结果表明,不同处理的细菌群落处于动态变化之中,反映出细菌群落的组成和代谢特征出现了显著差异,其中处理组C3和C4间差异最为显著。处理组C3的多样性指数如Simpson指数Shannon指数和S-E均匀度均较高,而处理组C4则较低。RAD分析表明,碳菌调控条件下,影响细菌群落碳代谢功能的主要环境因子7月为:Chl a、PO4--P、NO2--N、NH4+-N;8月为:NO3--N、NO2--N、TP、TN和PO4--P;9月为:TP、Chl a、PO4--P和NO2--N。综合水质指标和细菌群落对碳源的代谢功能的分析结果,本实验初步表明在C/N为15的虾、蟹混养水体中添加蜡样芽孢杆菌,细菌群落的多样性指数及对碳源的代谢功能为最佳。     

养殖池塘水质理化因子与微生物群落碳代谢的定量关系

应用Biolog Eco微板技术和统计学方法,分析了循环水养殖池塘水质理化因子与微生物群落碳代谢特性的关系。结果显示:水质理化因子主成分分析表明循环塘与对照塘具有不同的水质理化特征;池塘水体总氮TN、总磷TP、细菌总数BN与微生物代谢活性正相关,TN、BN与微生物代谢多样性Shannon指数、Simpson指数、McIntosh指数正相关;冗余分析表明,循环塘的微生物群落代谢活性与对照塘具有明显的差异,且TN、化学需氧量COD Mn、总溶解固体TDS、TP等环境因子对养殖池塘微生物群落代谢的差异性贡献最大。     

强天气干扰条件下粤西凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘细菌群落动态特征

于暴雨频发的华南雨季（2009年5月-8月）对粤西凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）养殖池塘水体和底泥进行调查,研究在强天气干扰条件下养殖池塘细菌数量动态及多样性指数变化情况。结果发现,水体异养细菌在104-106 cfu？mL-1间波动,弧菌数量在养殖初期高达105 cfu？mL-1, 虾池301# 和404# 自6月18日开始施用芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）等微生态制剂后,其弧菌（Vibrio sp.）数量维持在104 cfu？mL-1以下,403# 和305# 波动较大且多次超过105 cfu？mL-1;4口虾池水体弧菌与异养细菌的数量比值在养殖初期均超过20%,之后301# 和404# 保持在12%以下,403#和305# 在养殖后期分别达到21%和33%。底泥异养细菌先升高后稳定,弧菌数量除305# 较稳定外,其他虾池波动较大（103-107 cfu？g-1）。施用微生态制剂池塘301#和404#水体微生物群落多样性较前期降低,305#和403#较前期升高;底泥微生物群落多样性则呈现相同的变化规律,群落的丰富度、常见种的优势度和群落均度较前期有所降低。结果表明,施用微生态制剂的虾池可在气候多变的情况下保持养殖水体细菌群落的相对稳定,抑制弧菌滋生,降低微生态环境风险。     

长毛对虾海水养殖环境以及虾肠道微生物群落结构研究

为了研究长毛对虾养殖环境以及对虾肠道微生物种群结构的特征,实验分别采集养殖区进水口水体、养殖池底泥、养殖池水体以及长毛对虾肠道样品,采用构建16S rRNA基因克隆文库的方法对不同样品间的微生物群落组成进行了研究。结果表明,4组样品中共获得621条序列,操作分类单元(OTU)总数达212个,表明养殖环境微生物群落结构具有高度的多样性。从遗传进化树分析发现,进水口水体中细菌优势种群为蓝细菌(53.97%)、α-变形杆菌(13.76%)和γ-变形杆菌(10.58%);养殖池水体细菌优势种群为蓝细菌(33.55%)、γ-变形杆菌(14.84%)、厚壁菌(14.19%)、拟杆菌(12.26%)和α-变形杆菌(9.68%);养殖池底泥细菌优势种群大部分属于厚壁细菌(79.12%);对虾肠道细菌优势种群为厚壁细菌(75.79%)、梭杆菌(13.68%)和γ-变形杆菌(10.53%)。在目分类水平上,养殖池底泥、养殖池水体和对虾肠道中芽孢杆菌占有较高的比例,分别占克隆数的69.78%、13.55%和72.63%;进水口水体和养殖池水体中红细菌的比例较高,分别占克隆数的10.05%和9.68%。本研究分析了养殖环境以及对虾肠道微生物的群落结构,揭示微生物从水源到对虾肠道内的演替规律。总体上,本养殖系统微生物群落结构良好,但在养殖池水体和对虾肠道中也检测到黄杆菌类群和少量的弧菌。本研究有助于了解养殖环境对于对虾肠道微生物组成的影响,并为长毛对虾病害的预防提供参考。     

高通量测序法分析两株益生菌对凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群结构的影响

为分析荚膜红细菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌2株益生菌对凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群结构的影响,本实验对凡纳滨对虾进行为期30 d的养殖饲喂实验,饲喂后期利用高通量测序凡纳滨对虾肠道微生物的16S rDNA V4区,来分析不同益生菌饲喂后凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群的结构特征,并结合对虾体质量增加率和攻毒后累计死亡率的宏观指标来进行分析。结果显示：①空白组（CK）、荚膜红细菌组（Rc）和蜡样芽孢杆菌组（Bc）样品OTU范围为374~506,其中CK组对虾肠道菌群OTU数量最低,饲喂益生菌后的2组对虾肠道菌群中OTU数量相对较高;②在门分类水平上,3组的变形菌门数均为最多,CK组主要为变形菌门和少量拟杆菌门,Bc组主要有变形菌门、拟杆菌门、无壁细菌门、厚壁细菌门和假单胞菌,Rc组主要是变形菌门、拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、酸杆菌门、放线细菌、梭杆菌门和蓝细菌;③稀释曲线和Shannon指数结果可见,CK组样品物种丰度和复杂度最低,且Bc组样品丰度和复杂度相对较高;④PCA分析发现,Rc组和CK组样品微生物组成较为接近,结合宏观对虾体质量增加率和攻毒后累计死亡率的结果分析,可见相较于荚膜红细菌,蜡样芽孢杆菌对凡纳滨对虾肠道微生物菌群影响更显著,且益生效果更佳。研究表明,饲喂益生菌可以扩增对虾肠道微生物菌群丰度,并能抑制弧菌属等有害菌群的生长,提高对虾体质量增加率并降低死亡率,从而达到益生效果,其中以饲喂蜡样芽孢杆菌菌株效果更佳。     

江苏高邮罗氏沼虾池塘养殖可培养微生物组成调查

为了探明罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)池塘养殖环境中重要微生物的组成, 以提升健康养殖管理技术, 分别于 2019 年 7 月、8 月和 10 月, 在江苏高邮市罗氏沼虾主养区开展了罗氏沼虾池塘养殖系统可培养环境微生物的组成调查。采用 LB 培养基分离纯化了罗氏沼虾肝胰腺、肠道、鳃及养殖水体中可培养的细菌, 利用细菌 16S rRNA 基因分子鉴定技术对分离菌株进行初步鉴定; 采用高通量测序技术分析了“铁壳”虾(养殖期生长缓慢)及铜绿微囊藻暴发池塘水环境微生物群落组成。以达卡气单胞菌(Aeromonas dhakensis)为受试病原菌, 分析了池塘养殖系统中潜在病原拮抗菌的种类及效果。3 次调查共分离可培养细菌 605 株, 成功鉴定 601 株, 分别属于 37 个属 119 种, 其中罗氏沼虾体内分离到菌株 23 属 76 种, 养殖水体中分离到 28 属 81 种。确定了池塘养殖系统中存在气单胞菌(Aeromonas spp.)、肠杆菌(Enterobacter spp.)、乳球菌(Lactococcus spp.)、弧菌(Vibrio spp.)等属的潜在病原菌。发生“铁壳”虾症的虾池优势环境微生物种类组成及占比与健康虾池相近, 但微小杆菌属(Exiguobacterium)与不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)细菌占比高于健康虾池。铜绿微囊藻暴发影响环境微生物的组成结构, 嗜水气单胞菌属细菌占比增大。从池塘养殖系统筛选到甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus)、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌 (B. velezensis)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B. amyloliquefaciens)等潜在益生菌对气单胞菌具有较强拮抗作用。调查结果可为掌握罗氏沼虾池塘养殖系统细菌性病原组成及建立防控技术提供理论依据。     

健康与患病凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群结构及功能差异研究

为探究病害发生后健康与患病凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群结构和功能的差异,并筛选肠道指示菌群来评估宿主健康状况,评价凡纳滨对虾肠道菌落的功能冗余性。实验采集健康和患病凡纳滨对虾样品,通过Illumina高通量测序技术测定肠道菌群组成,并利用PICRUSt进行功能预测,以此比较健康与患病凡纳滨对虾肠道微生物的群落结构和功能差异,并预测功能与群落组成的相关性。结果显示,病害的发生伴随着肠道菌群结构的显著变化,而多样性无显著差异。与健康凡纳滨对虾肠道细菌组成相比,患病凡纳滨对虾肠道中放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)相对丰度降低,而γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)增加。同时,筛选出16个指示细菌科,能够很好地指示宿主健康状况。与健康组相比,患病凡纳滨对虾中参与弧菌侵染的过程显著增加,而溶酶体和过氧化物酶等免疫功能代谢过程显著减弱。此外,肠道微生物群落结构与功能组成呈显著正相关,表明凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群组成具有较低的功能冗余性。研究表明,健康与患病凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群结构存在显著差异,并且由细菌介导的功能随之发生改变,能够用指示微生物评估宿主健康状况。     

生物净水栅对凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群组成的影响

利用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术和生物信息学分析手段,采集传统养殖池塘和添加生物净水栅养殖池塘凡纳滨对虾肠道样品,比较分析两个池塘凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群组成及其多样性。试验结果表明,对照组和试验组凡纳滨对虾肠道测得的可操作分类单元分别为239和296。对照组和试验组对虾肠道样品菌群的物种丰度和优势菌种存在一定差异,试验组和对照组样品细菌Shannon指数分别为2.04、1.80,前者细菌Shannon指数高于后者13.33%(P0.05)。对照组和试验组对虾肠道样品所鉴定出的细菌门类组成基本相似,组成比例存在一定差异,前三大优势细菌门类均为变形菌门、拟杆菌门和软壁菌门,分别占试验组细菌总数和对照组细菌总数的97.56%和98.54%。在优势菌群方面,试验组对虾肠道的优势群为弧菌属、希瓦氏菌属、Cloacibacterium、黄质菌属、红杆菌属,分别占细菌总数的70.83%、18.29%、1.97%、1.38%和1.06%,对照组对虾肠道的优势群为弧菌属和希瓦氏菌属,分别占细菌总数的58.51%和37.67%。本研究分析了两种养殖池塘下对虾肠道菌群结构,试验组对虾菌群丰富度高于对照组,其多样性也高于对照组,这有助于生物净水栅更好地应用于池塘养殖。     

三种不同养殖品种池塘水质变化特征分析及比较

研究了养殖泥鳅、翘嘴红鲌和青虾池塘的水质变化特点,并用VIKOR算法比较了三种养殖品种的池塘水环境质量。结果表明:三种养殖品种池塘的水质变化特点基本相同,但是三种池塘中,青虾养殖池塘水质最优,泥鳅池塘次之,翘嘴红鲌池塘最差。     

The effectiveness of a commercial microbial product in poorly prepared tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius), ponds

The efficacy of a commercial microbial product was tested in commercial tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius), ponds for one culture period in Kuala Selangor, Malaysia. Four ponds with replicates for treatment and control were used. The pond bottom was dried but the organic sludge was not removed as normally practised in pond preparation. The ponds were stocked with 15 post‐larvae at the rate of 31.m^?2. Physical, chemical and biological parameters of the pond were analysed every 2 weeks during the culture period. Water quality parameters remained within the optimum range for shrimp culture except for ammonia‐nitrogen being significantly higher in control ponds and silica in treated ponds. Benthic organisms were not found in any of the ponds. The average counts of different bacteria were not significantly higher in treated ponds than control. Because of poor health, the shrimp were harvested earlier (72 days) than the usual 120 days. An average of 875.60 ± 67.00 kg shrimp ha^?1 was obtained in treated ponds with a feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.57 ± 0.10 and survival rate of 42.35 ± 5.37% compared with 719.50 ± 130.94 kg shrimp ha^?1, 2.99 ± 0.70 and 21.25 ± 3.26%, respectively, in control ponds. Neither the microbial product nor the frequent water exchange was effective in overcoming the problems caused by the poor pond bottom.     

Diet supplemented with probiotic for Nile tilapia in polyculture system with marine shrimp

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum) supplemented diet on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in a polyculture system with marine shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) as regards culture performance, hematology, and gut bacterial microbiota. Ten 20-m2 pens were arranged in one earthen pond and stocked with 2 fish (41.9 g) m⁻² and 10 shrimp (2.3 g) m⁻², in total of 40 Nile tilapias and 200 shrimp per experimental unit. Tilapia groups in five of the experimental units were fed a commercial diet supplemented with L. plantarum and the other five with an unsupplemented commercial diet (control). After 12 weeks of culture, the tilapia groups fed the probiotic-supplemented diet presented values 13.6, 7.5, and 7.1% higher for feed efficiency, yield, and final weight, respectively. Viable culturable heterotrophic bacteria counts were reduced, and the number of lactic acid bacteria was increased in the gut of fish and shrimp fed the probiotic-supplemented diet. Hematological analyses showed higher number of thrombocytes and leukocytes in tilapia fed the supplemented diet. L. plantarum utilized in this study colonized the gut of tilapia and shrimp and resulted in reduced number of total bacteria and increased tilapia final weight and feed efficiency.     

凡纳滨对虾不同生长阶段肠道可培养细菌耐药性研究

在凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖过程中多使用微生态制剂来调节水质,为避免破坏池塘菌群结构,很少使用抗生素.为了解凡纳滨对虾肠道细菌耐药性与不同生长阶段的关系,本研究选取江苏地区4种主要养殖模式凡纳滨对虾成虾和虾苗作为研究对象,利用K-B纸片法和qRT-PCR技术,研究对虾样本肠道可培养细菌对...     

Enhancement of innate immune system,survival and yield in Penaeus monodon reared in ponds using Streptococcus phocae PI80

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary and water supplementation of probiotic Streptococcus phocae PI80 on growth, immune response and feed utilization of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon in earthen ponds. The probiotic bacterium S. phocae PI80 was cultured in large fermenter (50 L) by adding additional carbon source in the form of molasses and glucose along with yeast extract as nitrogen source to enrich S. phocae PI80 biomass. This enriched S. phocae PI80 was administered to shrimp in feed (6.5 × 10¹³ bacterial cells mL^?1) as well as in pond water (5 L/pond). Shrimp growth performance was significantly improved (P < 0.05) in 120 days culture when the average body weight of treated molasses + yeast extract (MY) (28.41 ± 0.874 g), glucose + yeast extract (GY) (27.013 ± 0.698 g) was significantly higher than control (23.63 ± 0.684 g). Food conversion ratio FCR was also found to be reduced significantly in ponds treated with probiotics when compared with control pond (1.89 ± 0.09). Vibrio and luminescent bacteria were found to be lower in the treatment receiving MY group, and we hypothesize that this may lead to greater shrimp survival. Furthermore, fermentation product of S. phocae PI80 added to pond water and feed additives enhanced the shrimp immune system. The results indicated that total haemocytes count (THC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, NBT reductase assay and phagocytic activity significantly increased in shrimps treated with S. phocae PI80. Our study demonstrates that administration of S. phocae PI80 in the water and feed at 6.5 × 10¹³ colony‐forming units (CFU) mL^?1 bacterial cells induce immune modulation and enhances the immune ability of P. monodon in pond‐reared shrimp and increased the shrimp production.     

The effectiveness of commercial probiotics in northern white shrimp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Penaeus vannamei</Emphasis> ponds

ABSTRACT:   The effectiveness on water quality, population density of bacteria, and shrimp production in ponds treated with commercial probiotics was tested in Penaeus vannamei ponds in Hai-yan, China. Six ponds with replicates for treatment and control were used. Results showed that the probiotics could improve the population density of beneficial bacterial flora, reduce concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, and increase yields of shrimp. The average counts of Bacillus sp., ammonifying bacteria, and protein mineralizing bacteria were found to be significantly higher in treated ponds compared to control ponds ( P  < 0.05). In control ponds, an increase in presumptive vibrios was observed and the average density was up to 2.09 × 10³ cfu/mL, whereas that was only 4.37 × 10² cfu/mL in treated ponds ( P  < 0.05). The use of probiotics also significantly increased dissolved oxygen ( P  < 0.05) and reduced dissolved reactive-phosphorus, total inorganic nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand ( P  < 0.05). An average of 8215 ± 265 kg shrimp/ha was obtained in treated ponds with a feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.13 ± 0.05 and survival rate of 81.00 ± 6.25% compared with 4985 ± 503 kg shrimp/ha, 1.35 ± 0.12 and 48.67 ± 3.51%, respectively, in control ponds. This indicates that the addition of the commercial probiotics had a noticeable influence on water quality of shrimp ponds and shrimp production.     

Carbon and nitrogen budgets in shrimp ponds of extensive mixed shrimp–mangrove forestry farms in the Mekong delta,Vietnam

Mass balance estimates of carbon and nitrogen flux through two extensive shrimp ponds in the Mekong delta, Vietnam, were constructed to identify major sources and sinks of organic matter potentially available for shrimp production. Nutrient transformations in the sediments were measured to further assess rates of decomposition and burial and quality of organic matter. Tidal exchange was the major pathway for inputs and outputs of carbon and nitrogen in both ponds, with net primary production, nitrogen fixation and precipitation being minor inputs. No fertilizers or artificial feeds were added to either pond. The nutrient budgets identified burial and respiration as the next most important outputs after tidal exchange losses of particulate and dissolved carbon and nitrogen. There was no measurable denitrification in either pond, and volatilization was negligible. Mineralization efficiency of carbon in the water column was high (> 100%) in pond 23 reflecting rapid respiration rates; efficiency was lower (36%) in pond 12 waters. Mineralization efficiency of sediment nutrients averaged 34% for C and 41% for N in the pond with a higher annual shrimp yield (pond 12); lower mineralization efficiencies (11% for C, 10% for N) were calculated for the lower yield pond (pond 23). High burial efficiencies for both C (66–89%) and N (59–90%) in the sediments of both ponds suggest that little organic matter was shunted into biological production. Conversion efficiency for shrimp averaged 16% for C and 24% for N from pond 12, and 6% for C and 18% for N from pond 23. The high quantity but low quality of organic matter entering the ponds coupled with other factors, such as poor water quality, limits shrimp productivity. On average, nutrient outputs were greater than inputs in both ponds. This imbalance partly explains why shrimp yields are declining in these ponds.     

虾肝肠胞虫感染对脊尾白虾肠道菌群的影响

为探究虾肝肠胞虫(Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei, EHP)感染对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)肠道菌群的影响,本研究基于16S rRNA基因的测序结果,对感染EHP的脊尾白虾肠道菌群进行了分析。结果显示,感染虾与健康虾肠道菌群差异较大,且其肠道菌群结构多样性显著低于健康虾。研究发现,病虾中归属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的脱硫弧菌科(Desulfovibrionaceae)、弧菌科(Vibrionaceae)、未分类蓝细菌科(unidentified Cyanobacteria)、支原体科(Mycoplasmataceae)和未分类α变形菌科(unidentified Alphaproteobacteria)为优势菌,而归属于厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的乳杆菌科(Lactobacillaceae)、双歧杆菌科(Bifidobacteriaceae)、芽孢杆菌科(Bacillaceae)及噬几丁质杆菌科(Chitinophagaceae)细菌在健康虾中占据优势地位。EHP侵蚀导致感染虾肠道内潜在致病菌显著增加(P<0.05),增加了其他疾病的易感性。此外,通过Tax4Fun功能预测,发现感染虾肠道菌群主要用于新陈代谢,从而抵抗EHP侵染,维持机体正常功能;健康虾肠道菌群则多用于个体生长与环境信息处理,进而保证生长与存活。本研究从虾肠道菌群结构方面入手,进一步探究了EHP感染对脊尾白虾肠道菌群的影响,以期为EHP的防治提供帮助。     

微生态净水剂对凡纳滨对虾生理生化指标的影响

为了证实微生态净水剂(含菌量10×109/g)可以提高虾体免疫力和对污染物(如农药)的抵抗力,在凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannmei)养殖过程中,设置了施用微生态净水剂的实验组和未用微生态净水剂的对照组,采用肌肉注射的方式,对2组凡纳滨对虾进行乙酰甲胺磷毒性实验。注射乙酰甲胺磷后,采样测定血细胞吞噬化学发光情况,组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、溶菌酶(LSZ)、酯酶活性以及酯酶(EST)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)同工酶表型变化。结果表明:施用微生态净水剂组明显好于对照组。施用微生态净水剂的虾注射乙酰甲胺磷后死亡率降低,血细胞的吞噬功能也有所增加,虾体组织内SOD、POD、LSZ、酯酶活性变化较未用组的虾变化幅度较小,其中,SOD、POD活性等高于未用组,EST、MDH同工酶酶带数目也有增加。说明微生态净水剂从本质上增强虾体内代谢、提高虾体的免疫力、增强其对外界环境变化适应能力,并具有提高虾体防御功能,增强抵抗疾病能力的作用。