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1.
东海区拖网新伏季休渔渔业生态和资源增殖效果的分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
为了更好地养护和合理利用海洋渔业资源,中国政府于2009年开始实施新的伏季休渔制度,其中从6月1日~9月15日在东海区禁止拖网作业,较原3个月的伏季休渔期提前增加半个月。本研究依据2006~2008年每年6月上半月拖网监测资料,从渔业生态和资源增殖的角度,着重分析研究拖网在6月上半月这一时段休渔的渔业生态效果和资源增殖效果。结果表明,6月上半月禁止拖网作业,主要养护了带鱼、小黄鱼和日本鲭等资源群体,并在一定程度上保护了带鱼的产卵亲体繁殖,对带鱼资源数量的补充起到了增殖作用,同时在较大程度上养护了带鱼和日本鲭幼鱼的自然生长,起到了资源增重作用,但对分布在拖网渔场外的小黄鱼幼鱼保护作用甚微。应用R icher动态综合模型估算,以带鱼为代表种,提前增加半个月伏季休渔期其资源增殖效果较以往3个月伏季休渔期可使年平均资源量增加11.86%,渔获量增加8.06%,平均渔获体重增加9.33%。东海区以拖网占捕捞主导地位的伏季休渔时间的延长,可进一步改善繁殖群体栖息地生态环境。  相似文献   

2.
东海区伏季休渔渔业生态效果的分析研究   总被引:38,自引:9,他引:29  
以1990 ~1998 年我国东海区的海洋渔业统计资料和渔业资源动态监测资料为依据,分析研究1995 ~1998 年伏季休渔对东海区渔业生态效果的影响。结果表明,带鱼等主要经济鱼类的产卵群体得到了有效保护;经济幼鱼的渔获比例及其资源密度指数有所提高,幼鱼群体养护效果也较明显;渔获个体的生物学特征值具有转好的趋势;主要经济鱼类资源生物量明显增加;渔业资源的种间结构得到一定程度的改善;年渔获产量明显增加,单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE) 有所提高。  相似文献   

3.
延长拖网伏季休渔期的渔业资源养护效应   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
海洋伏季休渔制度是当前中国最主要的渔业资源管理制度之一,并在实践中得到不断调整与完善,新的海洋伏季休渔制度已于2017年发布实施。为论证新制度延长拖网休渔期的渔业资源养护效应,本研究依据2015—2017年每年5月东海区拖网大面定点调查资料,利用Ricker动态综合模型,从拖网的渔获结构特征和带鱼(Trichiurus japonicus)的种群动力学过程视角开展了相应的量化分析研究。研究结果表明, 5月拖网利用主体为带鱼和小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis),带鱼和小黄鱼的性成熟比例分别为92.04%~95.57%和13.82%~29.55%,幼鱼比例分别为74.94%~88.90%和0.03%~4.19%;带鱼种群经过4.5个月的休渔,其单位补充量资源量、单位补充量渔获量和平均渔获质量与3.5个月休渔期相比较,分别增加了7.04%、8.96%和20.78%。以上结果表明,提前并延长拖网休渔期,东、黄海主要经济渔业资源带鱼与小黄鱼的产卵群体和幼鱼得到进一步保护,资源增殖效果随着休渔期的不断延长而增加,新制度的休渔时间设置更趋合理。但由于开捕后的带鱼与小黄鱼渔获仍主要以当龄鱼为主,有必要同时配套执行现已颁布的最小网目尺寸和开捕标准等其他渔业资源管理措施,以确保伏季休渔制度主导下的渔业资源养护效果能真正得到巩固,渔业资源的种群结构能够得到切实好转与不断合理化。  相似文献   

4.
应用改进的Leslie法估算东海区小黄鱼资源量   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张寒野  刘勇  程家骅 《海洋渔业》2012,34(3):357-360
针对Lesile法未考虑自然死亡因素的不足,提出了改进形式的Lesile法,使得该方法也能适用于长渔获周期的资源群体,并结合2009~2010年全国海洋捕捞信息动态采集网络评估的渔业统计结果和东海区渔业资源监测调查资料,估算东海区小黄鱼(Lartmichtlys polyaetis)资源量。结果表明,伏季休渔开捕后可供利用的小黄鱼资源量为16.99×104t,到4月底余存4.65×104t,年平均资源量7.70×104t,最大持续产量8.93×104t,全年开发率达到0.87,处于过度开发状态。  相似文献   

5.
2004年夏季东海区带鱼资源状况及其秋冬汛渔况的分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
东海带鱼为我国最重要的捕捞对象之一,其产量多年来一直位居我国海洋捕捞鱼类产量的首位。由于6月~9月是东海带鱼的繁殖与索饵盛期,因此,自1995年以后伏季休渔制度实施以来,每年的伏季休渔期间,带鱼群体得到了有效的生长和补充,伏季休渔结束后,渔获产量显著提高。本文以东海区渔业资源动态监测调查资料为依据,对2004年东海区伏季休渔期间带鱼资源状况进行了分析,并预测了秋冬汛的带鱼生产趋势。一、研究材料与方法利用1999年~2004年东海区渔业资源动态监测网重点渔场的常规监测和大面定点调查的资料,对历年的夏季带鱼资源密度、…  相似文献   

6.
2003年夏季东海区带鱼资源状况及其秋冬汛渔况的分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
根据东海区渔业资源动态监测网调查资料,对2003年伏季休渔期间的带鱼资源状况进行了分析,并展望了秋冬汛带鱼生产前景。结果表明,2003年伏季休渔前期(6月),东海区带鱼资源重量密度、资源尾数密度及发生量均比常年偏低、产卵期个体重量较常年偏大,亲鱼量属低水平年份;伏季休渔中期(7月、8月),带鱼的产卵群体比例下降,个体平均肛长偏小。同时,海区的水温较2002年偏低,不利于带鱼生长和发育。预计伏季休渔结束后,渔获状况不容乐观,秋冬汛生产前景将差于2002年。  相似文献   

7.
东海区延长伏季休渔期渔业资源增殖效果分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为评价2017年东海区延长伏季休渔期的渔业资源增殖效果,依据2014—2017年每年5月上旬和8月下旬东海区拖网大面定点调查资料,分析了2017年和2014—2016年的8月下旬(休渔后期)的渔业资源密度、资源结构和资源补充能力的同比差异,以及5月上旬和8月下旬的资源密度环比差异。结果表明,总渔业资源、鱼类及3种典型资源种带鱼(Trichiurus japonicus)、小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)、银鲳(Pampus argenteus)的资源密度同比和环比均以2017年为高;2017年资源密度相对增长率鱼类甲壳类头足类;2017年休渔后期主要经济种类的生物量或尾数合计比例均高于2014—2016年,生态优势种更为集中;以带鱼、小黄鱼和银鲳为代表种的休渔后期资源补充数量和单位亲鱼量补充量均以2017年为最高。研究认为,东海区延长伏季休渔期具有渔业资源增殖效果,其中对鱼类的贡献最大;但现有休渔制度对渔业资源仅起到短期暂养的养护作用,延长休渔期的渔业增产效果仅仅限于当年。  相似文献   

8.
中国政府于1995年正式宣布在东海区实施伏季休渔制度,休渔范围为27°00′N~35°00′N海域,时间为每年的7月1日至8月31日;1998年将范围进一步扩大到26°00′~35°00′N海域;时间延长,定为每年的6月16日至9月15日,并在中国的南海和黄渤海全面推广伏季休渔制度。自该制度的贯彻执行以来,取得了显著的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益。本研究以东海区的主要经济鱼———带鱼(Trichiurus japonicus)为研究对象,应用Ricker动态综合模型,解析东海区实施3个月的伏季休渔效果,揭示在不同的开捕年龄(tc)与捕捞死亡系数(F)组合下对带鱼渔业资源保护和利用之间的规律。结果表明,在目前开捕年龄偏低、网目尺寸偏小和捕捞压力较大的现实状况下,东海区实施伏季休渔制度很有必要;在带鱼开捕年龄为0.5龄、年捕捞死亡系数为1.5~3的渔业格局下,实施3个月的伏季休渔制度后,其年平均资源量、渔获量和渔获平均体重的增幅分别达到57.8%~104%、22.2%~32.2%和32.5%~42.9%,但带鱼群体所提供的资源量水平、所获取的渔获量和渔获平均体重仍显偏低,对其合理利用尚需要进一步完善;若将开捕年龄从0.5龄提高到1龄,则年平均资源量、渔获量和渔获平均体重的增幅分别达到173%~356%、72%~101%和149%~187%。鉴于东海区总体渔业资源状况呈衰退之势,且中国尚未实施TAC渔业管理制度,建议目前继续实施伏季休渔制度,并把提高起捕规格、放大网目尺寸作为首选管理目标。[中国水产科学,2006,13(1):85-91]  相似文献   

9.
东海区帆式张网渔业资源利用结构的动态分析   总被引:21,自引:1,他引:20  
以1997、1998年“苏海研1、2号”帆式张网资源监测调查船4020网次的调查结果及114次渔获随机取样的分析结果为依据,对东海区帆式张网渔业资源利用结构的动态进行分析研究,结果表明,东海区帆式张网渔业资源结构春季以小黄鱼、银鲳、黄鲫,夏季以小黄鱼、带鱼、黄鲫,秋季以小黄鱼,带鱼、银鲳、冬季以小黄鱼、带钱赤主要利用对象;主要经济鱼类小黄鱼,带鱼,银鲳的幼鱼渔获得比例以夏季最高为76.06%,其余  相似文献   

10.
2004年夏季东海区渔业资源状况初析   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
本文利用2000-2004年夏季东海渔业资源监测调查的资料,初步分析了2004年夏季东海区渔业资源状况。结果表明,2004年夏季监测海域的种类组成以带鱼、小黄鱼、太平洋褶柔鱼、黄、剑尖枪乌贼、刺鲳等为主,渔业资源种间结构较2003年同期略有改善。2004年春夏季水温较2003年同期偏高,有利于渔业生物资源的补充和生长,各类群和主要经济种类的渔获率显著提高,除银鲳外,带鱼、小黄鱼、刺鲳等资源状况趋好,预计伏季休渔结束开捕后,秋汛生产的渔况将好于2003年。  相似文献   

11.
12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

17.
18.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

19.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

20.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

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