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1.
《畜禽业》2016,(6)
四川某火鸡养殖场的20~40日龄的雏火鸡发生一起以呼吸困难,斜颈、头部肿大、鼻炎、眼炎、气囊炎、鼻窦和眶下窦有干酪样渗出物为主要临床表现的传染性疾病。采集发病火鸡眼分泌物进行细菌分离,然后通过细菌的纯化、培养特性、形态学特性、16sRNA序列测定和分析对分离菌进行鉴定,确定分离到1株奇异变形细菌并命名为SH株。SH株为革兰氏染色阴性、在LB平皿上画线呈扩散状生长、血平皿上有溶血性现象。SH株16SrRNA与奇异变形杆菌(Proteus mirabilis)的同源性为99.1~99.8%,与普通变形杆菌(Proteus vulgaris)的同源性为98.5%,与豪氏变形杆菌(Proteus hauseri)的同源性为98.1%,与产黏变形杆菌(Proteus myrofaciens)和潘氏变形杆菌(Proteus penneri)的同源性为98%。药敏实验结果表明对丁胺卡拉和环丙沙星敏感。实验结果对生产上该类疾病的预防和控制提供了参考。  相似文献   

2.
杀鲑气单胞菌一新亚种的生物学特性及系统发育学分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
从石鲽(Kareius bicoloratus L.)细菌性败血感染症的病鱼(濒死及死亡不久)中分离到相应病原菌,进行形态特征、理化特性等较系统的表观分类学指征鉴定及代表菌株DNA中G+Ct001%的测定。同时,选择代表菌株进行16S rRNA基因的分子鉴定,测定16S rRNA基因序列、分析相关细菌相应序列的同源性,构建系统发生树。结果表明,分离鉴定的60株菌为杀鲑气单胞菌的一个新亚种(subsp.nov.),定名为杀鲑气单胞菌杀鲽亚种(Aeromonas salmonicida subsp.flounderacia subsp.nov.)。代表菌株HQ010320-1及HQ010320-5的16S rRNA基因序列与GenBank数据库中的杀鲑气单胞菌的同源性在99%和100%。  相似文献   

3.
养殖大菱鲆腹水症病原菌SR1的分离及鉴定   总被引:20,自引:2,他引:18       下载免费PDF全文
从患腹水症的养殖大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)腹水分离到1株优势细菌SR1,人工感染实验证实其具有致病性。经API ID32E系统鉴定为溶藻弧菌(Viibrio alginolyticus),并测定了其16S rRNA基因序列和热激蛋白HSP60(Heat shock protein,HSP)基因序列。基于16S rRNA基因序列构建的系统树结果表明,菌株SR1与溶藻弧菌(AY967727)亲缘关系最近,然而置信度较低,仅有27%,不能有效地鉴定到种。HSP60基因序列分析表明,该菌株与溶藻弧菌(AF230931)同源性最高,为99.2%。系统发育树表明SR1确与溶藻弧菌(AF230931)聚为一个分支,且置信度较高,为84%。综合上述结果,菌株SR1可鉴定为溶藻弧菌。[中国水产科学,2006,13(4):603—609]  相似文献   

4.
从患病中华鳖(Trionyx sinensis)内脏中分离到一株细菌(LCJY-002)。ATBExpression型微生物鉴定系统艋示:该菌为弗氏柠檬峻杆菌(Citrobcwter fundii)。16SrDNA分析得到1条长度为1456bp的核甘=酸序列(genBank登录号为KC691177);Blast分析显示:该分离株与弗氏柠檬酸杆菌的同源性达99%,在系统发育树上与C.frgulldii聚为一支。鉴定结果确认:菌株LCJY-002为弗氏柠檬酸杆菌。人工回归感染试验证文:该菌具有敛病性,PCR检测表明:分离的弗氏柠檬酸杆菌具有c屈毒力因子。药敏试验结果显爪:该菌对16种抗菌药物中的庆大霉素等7种药物敏感。  相似文献   

5.
2018年从重庆某水产养殖场患有典型细菌性败血症的鲤鱼肝脏中分离到两株细菌(P-H1和P-B1),经菌体形态观察、回归感染试验、生化鉴定和16S rDNA分析,确认两株致病菌均为奇异变形杆菌(Proteus mirabilis)。对健康鲤鱼进行回归感染试验,结果与原病源鱼发病症状一致,且发现P-H1菌株的致病速度、致病强烈程度明显高于P-B1菌株。本研究可为鲤鱼细菌性败血症诊断和防治提供一定的参考依据。  相似文献   

6.
从广东佛山某养殖场发病死亡的加州鲈Micropterus salmoides肝、脾和肾中分离出2株病原菌(201901141和201901142),经形态学观察、生理生化特性测定、16S r RNA基因序列分析鉴定,通过人工感染试验确定病原,用改进的寇式法计算半数致死剂量(LD50),运用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验,分析加州鲈源普通变形杆菌病原,探明该菌药物敏感性和防治方法。人工感染试验表明,分离得到的2菌株具有很强的致病力,对健康加州鲈的半致死剂量LD50分别为5.13×105CFU/g和6.46×105CFU/g。2株病原菌的形态特征、理化特性都与普通变形杆菌Proteus vulgaris一致,其16S r RNA基因序列与普通变形杆菌同源性最高,综合判定病原菌为普通变形杆菌。药敏试验结果表明,2株菌株对哌拉西林、头孢曲松、四环素等抗生素高度敏感;对羧苄西林等中度敏感;对头孢呋辛、苯唑西林等不敏感。本研究首次报道了普通变形杆菌引发的加州鲈疾病。  相似文献   

7.
近两年来,一种严重的传染性疾病在广西斑点叉尾鮰养殖业中流行,造成鱼苗100%死亡;咸鱼的损失也高达30%~80%不等。为了确定该病病原,本试验对患病斑点叉尾鮰脑、肝脏、脾脏和肾脏组织进行了细菌的分离、鉴定及致病性试验。结果从南宁和合浦两地分离到NN和HP两株G短杆菌,人工感染试验表明,腹腔注射感染可引起健康斑点叉尾鮰100%死亡,浸泡感染可引起30%-55%死亡,并且感染发病的斑点叉尾鮰症状与自然发病症状相似。两株细菌的形态特征、培养特性和生理生化反应指标均与国外报道的鮰爱德华氏菌参考菌株(JCM1680)相同;两株细菌的16SrRNA基因序列与JCM1680菌株16s rRNA基因序列同源性均为99.3%。以上研究证实,NN和HP两株细菌为致病性鮰爱德华氏菌,其引起的传染性疾病为斑点叉尾鮰肠败血症。本研究首次对国内斑点叉尾鮰肠败血症进行病原菌的分离和鉴定,证实了斑点叉尾鮰肠败血症在广西斑点叉尾鮰养殖业中的流行及造成严重经济损失,对国内该病的控制及斑点叉尾鮰健康养殖具有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

8.
生物絮团中异养亚硝化菌的分离鉴定及其特性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
采用富集培养、分离纯化等微生物学手段,从对虾养殖池的生物絮团中筛选出两株对氨氮具有高转化率的菌株.16S rRNA测序及系统发育分析结果表明,两株菌均属于盐单胞菌属,菌株2011072708与食物盐单胞菌Halomonas alimentaria有99%的同源性,而菌株2011072709与胜利盐单胞菌H.shengliensis有100%的同源性.比较研究了两株菌在不同温度、盐度、pH、碳氮比条件下对氨氮的转化率,菌株2011072708在温度37℃、盐度30~40、pH 8、碳氮比28的条件下对氨氮的转化率最高;菌株2011072709在温度27~42℃、盐度40~50、pH 6、碳氮比21的条件下对氨氮的转化率最高.研究结果表明,胜利盐单胞菌(2011072709)对温度、盐度、pH、碳氮比等各方面的适应性优于食物盐单胞菌(2011072708),更适合在生物絮团技术中得到应用.  相似文献   

9.
草鱼肠道中香港海鸥型菌的选择性分离与鉴定   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
从广东省某市池塘采集商品规格(体重2.0~2.5k)的草鱼(Ctenoharyngodon idellus),利用加有头孢哌酮的麦康凯琼脂培养基,对其肠道中细菌进行选择性分离与鉴定。结果显示,12尾草鱼的肠道中,5尾可分离到具有以下特征的细菌:两端生鞭毛,菌体弯曲似海鸥状,革兰氏染色阴性,过氧化氢酶、氧化酶、尿酶和精氨酸双水解酶阳性,还原硝酸盐。不发酵、氧化或同化葡萄糖、甘露醇等15种常见的糖醇类,细菌形态、生化特性与报道的香港海鸥型菌相似,阳性率为41.7%。但在肌肉中未分离到此菌。进行分离细菌的16S rRNA基因序列分析,与GenBank中登录的4株香港海鸥型菌序列的同源性为99.7%~99.9%。由菌的培养特征、形态特点、理化特性、16S rRNA基因序列分析等多元鉴定的结果表明,从草鱼肠道中选择分离的细菌为香港海鸥型菌。药敏实验结果表明,所分离菌株对奥格门丁和亚胺培南的敏感性与报道的香港海鸥型菌有一定区别。  相似文献   

10.
对广西壮族自治区3个鸡场疑似沙门氏菌感染发病鸡进行细菌分离,并对分离菌株进行染色镜检、生化实验、血清学鉴定、DNA测序、动物回归试验和药敏试验。结果共分离到6株沙门氏菌,生化特征和血清学特征符合肠炎沙门氏菌特性;DNA测序结果与肠炎沙门氏菌同源性为100%;动物回归试验表明,分离菌株能致死SPF鸡,并复制出与临床表现一致的病例;药敏试验结果表明,分离菌株对诺氟沙星和阿米卡星高度敏感,为广西地区鸡源沙门氏菌病的防治提供参考依据。  相似文献   

11.
12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

14.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

17.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

18.
19.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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