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1.
黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor是一种高蛋白、高脂肪的饲用昆虫。本文主要研究黄粉虫虫粉及虫皮对南美白对虾非特异性免疫的影响,结果表明:用黄粉虫虫粉、虫皮调节7种饲料营养水平,饲喂南美白对虾28d后,饲料中添加不同水平的黄粉虫虫粉、黄粉虫虫皮对南美白对虾酶活力无显著差异(P0.05);不同水平的黄粉虫虫粉、黄粉虫虫皮对血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和酚氧化酶(PO)的酶活力无显著差异(P0.05),但对血清中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)的酶活力有显著影响(P0.05);没有额外添加黄粉虫虫粉、黄粉虫虫皮的饲料组除PO外,各种酶活力显著低于实验组。  相似文献   

2.
以添加不同浓度复方中草药的药饵饲喂中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)幼蟹,2 d后将水温从18℃升至34℃(24 h内),并持续7 d,检测不同时间幼蟹血蓝蛋白(HMC)浓度、血清酚氧化酶(PO)和溶菌酶(LSZ)活性变化。结果表明:急升温阶段各组HMC浓度、PO和LSZ活性均急速下降,实验组降幅分别为对照组的77.4%、45.9%和22.7%,实验组与对照组间有显著性差异(P<0.05);在持续性高水温阶段,各组存活个体的HMC浓度、PO和LSZ活性均有明显回升,实验组HMC、PO和LSZ的上升幅度分别高于对照组3.24倍、2.71倍和1.33倍,实验组与对照组间差异显著(P<0.05)。HMC、PO和LSZ活性存在明显的性别差异(P<0.05),中草药对雌性的影响大于雄性;但0.5%和1%中草药添加组间的酶活性变化差异不显著(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

3.
盐度升高对中华绒螯蟹几种非特异性免疫因子的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
采用逐步增盐法, 结合生物酶学测定, 研究了从淡水升高盐度到 7、14、21、28和35对二秋龄雌、雄中华绒螯蟹血清总蛋白、氧合血蓝蛋白含量及碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酚氧化酶(PO)活力的影响。结果显示, 随着盐度的升高, 中华绒螯蟹的血清总蛋白、氧合血蓝蛋白含量逐渐降低; AKP活性先略升高, 而后逐渐降低; 与雄蟹的PO活力逐渐降低相比, 雌蟹的PO活力先降低, 当盐度高于21后维持稳定水平; SOD活性先略降低, 盐度高于21被激活。除SOD外, 雌蟹血清各测定指标均显著高于雄蟹(P<0.05)。研究结果表明, 盐度接近或超过28将显著影响中华绒螯蟹3种免疫酶的活性及总蛋白和氧合血蓝蛋白的含量, 进而影响其免疫防御能力。  相似文献   

4.
杨留冰  潘鲁青 《水产学报》2013,37(9):1378-1388
为研究磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)对凡纳滨对虾血蓝蛋白合成、酚氧化酶活性的影响,并探讨PS激活凡纳滨对虾血蓝蛋白发挥酚氧化酶活性的机制,实验采用5、10和20μg/mL 3个PS浓度对凡纳滨对虾尾节肌肉进行注射,注射量为50μL,对照组注射生理盐水,各处理组设3个平行组,取样时间为0、6、12、24、36、48和60 h,分别测定了血浆血蓝蛋白含量,肝胰脏血蓝蛋白p75、p77亚基和mRNA的表达以及血浆血蓝蛋白酚氧化酶活性。结果显示:与对照组相比,血蓝蛋白含量在6 h内略有下降,6~36 h内呈峰值变化,24 h时达到最大值(P<0.05);血蓝蛋白亚基p75、p77和mRNA表达在0~36 h内呈峰值变化,12 h时达到最大值(P<0.05);血蓝蛋白酚氧化酶活性在36 h内呈峰值变化,12 h时达到最大值(P<0.05)。研究表明,PS能够激活凡纳滨对虾血蓝蛋白的酚氧化酶活性,表现出明显的时间剂量效应,同时在短时间内引起血蓝蛋白含量下降,随后机体启动血蓝蛋白的合成机制,证实PS是凡纳滨对虾血蓝蛋白发挥酚氧化酶活性的激活因子,为对虾血蓝蛋白免疫活性的研究奠定了理论基础。  相似文献   

5.
南美白对虾人工感染细菌后肝胰脏中主要变化蛋白的研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
以采自汕头的南美白对虾为研究对象,运用病原菌人工感染、十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)、基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱分析(MALDI-TOF/MS)、生物信息学和免疫印迹(Western-blot ting)等现代分子生物学方法,探索和鉴定对虾感染后肝胰脏中的主要变化蛋白。结果表明,南美白对虾人工感染溶藻酸弧菌6h之后,实验组和对照组肝胰脏的SDS-PAGE图谱出现12条明显差异条带,其中分子量分别为75kDa(命名为p75)和73kDa(命名为p73)的两种蛋白变化最为明显,进一步研究显示,p75和p73分别为血蓝蛋白的两个不同的亚基。提示,肝胰脏中的血蓝蛋白可能在对虾抗感染免疫中发挥重要的作用。  相似文献   

6.
凡纳滨对虾血蓝蛋白酚氧化酶活性的研究   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
试验结果表明,凡纳滨对虾血蓝蛋白在胰蛋白酶诱导下可表现出一定的酚氧化酶活性,与对照组相比,其酚氧化酶活力单位显著上升。同时,其活性可被D-半乳糖、α-葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、甘露醇和N-乙酰神经氨酸不同程度地抑制,其抑制率分别为67%、100%、33%、33%、67%和100%。血蓝蛋白与胰蛋白酶孵育后经SDS-PAGE分析和L-Dopa显色,其75 kDa单体呈明显的棕褐色,添加抑制剂N-乙酰神经氨酸之后,其显色强度显著减弱。由此进一步证实凡纳滨对虾血蓝蛋白在胰蛋白酶诱导下确实具有酚氧化酶活性,其活性可被不同的糖所抑制,其发挥活性的单体为75 kDa单体。  相似文献   

7.
饲料中添加植酸酶对南美白对虾生长及磷利用率的影响   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
在半精制饲料中分别添加1000IU/kg、2000IU/kg、3000IU/kg的植酸酶以及2%Ca(H2PO4)2,以不添加外源磷及植酸酶组为对照,研究以植物蛋白为主要蛋白源的饲料中添加植酸酶对南美白对虾生长和磷消化率的影响。40天的养殖实验结果表明,饲料中添加2%Ca(H2PO4)2,能提高南美白对虾的增重率,但与对照组无显著差异。饲料中添加1000IU/kg植酸酶组的南美白对虾增重率达到最高,但与其它各组没有显著差异。饲料的磷消化率在2%Ca(H2PO4)2组达到最高,蛋白质消化率在各组之间没有明显差异。综上所述,饲料中添加1000IU/kg植酸酶即能有效改善南美白对虾的生长和磷利用率,降低磷排泄。  相似文献   

8.
维生素C缓解南美白对虾应激状况的应用研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
研究了在三种模式下,通过向养殖水体中泼洒维生素C(Vc)来缓解南美白对虾应激状况,其浓度分别为0、0.3、0.6、0.9、1.21、.5 g/m3,测定虾的存活率、血清蛋白含量和血清酚氧化酶活力(PO)。结果表明,随着水体中的Vc浓度增加到0.9 g/m3,虾的存活率有显著提高,进一步提高水体中Vc浓度,存活率无显著变化;血清蛋白含量和血清酚氧化酶活力(PO)均有较大幅度的变化。在三种模式下,预防模式的效果较好,可以提前提高虾的免疫力,增强其抗应激能力;治疗模式是在虾出现应激时,作用效果不如预防模式;有条件的可以采取预防加治疗模式。  相似文献   

9.
肽聚糖制剂对南美白对虾体液免疫因子的影响   总被引:19,自引:4,他引:15  
按一定梯度配制5种含不同水平肽聚糖制剂的饲料,投喂南美白对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei),35 d后取实验对虾血样,用于测定血清中酚氧化酶活力、磷酸酶活力、溶菌活力及超氧化物歧化酶活力.结果显示,饲料中肽聚糖质量分数为500×10-6的实验组,对虾血清中酚氧化酶活力最高,肽聚糖质量分数为2 500×10-6的实验组,对虾血清中酸性磷酸酶与碱性磷酸酶活力最高,肽聚糖对对虾的血清溶菌活力影响不明显(P>0.05).由此表明饲料中添加适量(质量分数500×10-6左右)的肽聚糖制剂可使对虾体液免疫因子总体活力达到较高水平,饲料中肽聚糖制剂含量过高对对虾非特异免疫力的作用效果反而不佳.南美白对虾血清中酚氧化酶活力对饲料中肽聚糖含量变化较敏感,可作为肽聚糖使用效果的评价指标之一.  相似文献   

10.
复方马齿苋影响南美白对虾非特异性免疫功能研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
复方马齿苋添加质量分数分别为1%、2%、3%。检测结果显示,实验组南美白对虾的血细胞吞噬活力、血清溶菌酶活力、血清酚氧化酶活力显著或极显著的高于对照组,表明复方马齿苋可以提高南美白对虾的非特异性免疫功能。用溶藻弧菌对南美白对虾做攻毒试验,实验组的免疫保护率分别为20%、26.7%和40%。  相似文献   

11.
12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
17.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

19.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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