缢蛏快长选育系早期生长性状的遗传参数估计

采用平衡巢氏设计方法,按照1雄配2雌的方式,构建缢蛏7个半同胞家系和14个全同胞家系,分别测定各个家系60日龄、90日龄及150日龄的壳长、壳高。雄内雌间半同胞个体间具有较大的变异程度,存在显著的母性效应,故以父系半同胞组内相关法计算的狭义遗传力为缢蛏快长选育系生长性状遗传力的无偏估计值。60日龄、90日龄和150日龄壳长的狭义遗传力分别为0.298、0.541、0.574;60日龄、90日龄和150日龄壳高的狭义遗传力分别为0.139、0.519、0.518。壳长和壳高在3个日龄的遗传力属于中等遗传力水平,显示出较高的选择育种潜力。缢蛏幼贝壳长、壳高两个指标间的遗传相关和表型相关均为正相关(P0.05)。60日龄、90日龄和150日龄壳长-壳高性状间遗传相关系数分别为0.980、0.755、0.942,表型相关系数分别为0.910、0.882、0.912。表明缢蛏幼贝期以壳长或者壳高作为选育参数进行选择育种,可达到改良缢蛏快长选育系生长性状的效果。     

日本囊对虾早期生长性状遗传参数估计

基于68个日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)全同胞家系,采用混合线性模型和约束极大似然法对日本囊对虾生长性状进行遗传参数的估计。结果表明:1)45日龄、75日龄体长性状的遗传力估计值分别为0.1545±0.0505、0.1933±0.0475,腹节长性状的遗传力估计值分别为0.1672±0.0473、0.1937±0.0468,体重性状的遗传力估计值分别为0.1934±0.0439、0.1992±0.037,均为中等遗传力;2)不同日龄下日本囊对虾生长性状间的表型相关与遗传相关均为高度正相关,45日龄体长–腹节长、体长–体重、腹节长–体重的表型相关为0.7121±0.0188、0.5147±0.0277、0.5052±0.0280,遗传相关为0.9896±0.00340、0.9304±0.0321、0.9429±0.0301,75日龄体长–腹节长、体长–体重、腹节长–体重的表型相关为0.6710±0.0236、0.6555±0.0181、0.6534±0.0160,遗传相关为0.7637±0.0161,0.7479±0.0148,0.7177±0.0131。本研究表明对日本囊对虾生长性状进行选择是有效的,以体长、腹节长、体重任一性状作为指标进行选育均可达到生长改良的目的,本研究结果可为日本囊对虾的早期选择育种和多性状选择提供数据参考。     

脊尾白虾耐盐碱性状遗传力和遗传相关的估计

应用数量遗传学原理和全同胞组内相关法估计50日龄脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)耐盐碱性状的遗传力和遗传相关。采用定向交尾方式构建脊尾白虾50个全同胞家系(包括42个半同胞家系)，利用SPSS软件的一般线性模型(GLM)对各家系盐碱胁迫的存活时间进行方差分析，估计脊尾白虾耐盐碱性状的遗传力和遗传相关。结果显示，脊尾白虾耐盐碱性状的遗传力为0.18~0.60，其估计值未达到显著水平，属于中等遗传力；50日龄脊尾白虾耐盐碱性状与体长的遗传相关和表型相关分别为–0.401和0.127，耐盐碱性状和体重的遗传相关和表型相关分别为–0.196和0.033，耐盐碱性状与体长、体重的相关程度较低。本研究表明，选择育种对于脊尾白虾耐盐碱性状的改良具有较大潜力，且以耐盐碱性状为选育指标，不会对脊尾白虾体长和体重产生显著影响。     

罗氏沼虾生长性状的遗传参数及其相关性

对106个罗氏沼虾家系(包括32个半同胞家系)5月龄的5个生长性状进行测量。采用动物模型,把性别、雌虾出池时是否抱卵作为固定效应,并以日龄为协变量,借助DFREML方法估计头胸甲长、腹长、最后腹节长、体长和体重等性状的方差组分,进行遗传参数的估算。结果表明,5个生长性状的变异系数中体重的变异系数最大,为36.80;罗氏沼虾5月龄头胸甲长、腹长、最后腹节长、体长和体重的遗传力分别为0.06、0.07、0.02、0.07和0.07,生长性状的遗传力属低遗传力;5个生长性状的表型相关系数在0.398～0.910之间,遗传相关系数在0.35～1.0之间,其中头胸甲长与体长的遗传相关程度最高,遗传相关系数为1.0,体长与体重的遗传相关程度次之,遗传相关系数为0.98。本研究可为罗氏沼虾的进一步选育提高和杂交利用提供科学依据和理论参数。     

草鱼生长性状的遗传参数和育种值估计

利用草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)生长性状选育核心群亲本,采用人工授精方式构建21个全同胞家系,并选用动物模型对16月龄草鱼生长性状进行遗传参数和育种值估计。结果显示,草鱼选育种群的生长性状存在丰富变异。采用约束极大似然法估计方差组分,发现草鱼体重、体长和体高性状的遗传力分别为0.39,0.47,0.21,属于中高遗传力;肥满度性状遗传力为0.11,属于低遗传力;4个性状的共同环境效应值相近且较小,范围为0.07~0.17。采用两性状动物模型分析相关性,发现体重、体长和体高性状间表型和遗传相关系数均达到高度正相关(r=0.88~0.97),而肥满度性状与三者间相关系数接近零,只与体高性状存在一定遗传正相关(r=0.43)。结合各性状遗传变异系数和相对遗传进度,分析表明,以体重为目标性状可便捷有效地改良草鱼生长性能。采用最佳线性无偏估计法预测个体育种值,发现4个性状育种值与表型值的相关系数范围为0.77~0.93。基于单性状育种值和表型值分别进行个体选择,按10%留种率,各性状选留个体相同率为68.75%~81.82%,秩相关系数范围为0.19~0.81,两种选择方式显示出较大差异,且差异大小与性状遗传力成反比例。本研究为草鱼生长性状选择育种提供了理论依据和技术支撑。     

鳜鱼生长性状遗传参数的估计

为深入了解选育过程中鳜鱼(Siniperca chuatsi)生长性状的遗传变化规律,本研究以来自湖南、江苏、广东的翘嘴鳜为基础群体,构建了21个同胞半同胞家系,利用动物模型对不同家系进行了遗传分析:鳜鱼210日龄体重、体长的遗传力为0.40、0.45,属于高遗传力;体高的遗传力为0.29,属于中遗传力。相关分析表明,鳜鱼体重?体长间的遗传相关为0.96;体长?体高间的遗传相关为0.92,体重?体高间的遗传相关为0.94,因此进一步选育采用个体选育或者个体选育与家系选择法相结合的方法都能获得较好的结果;对某一生长性状进行选育时,其他两个相关性状也会得到间接选育。经过选育鳜鱼F2群体平均体重遗传进展为7.5 g,较第一代增加7.5%,F3群体平均体重的遗传进展为9.75 g,较第二代增加9.0%。F3群体平均体长与F1比较无显著提高。F3群体平均体高的遗传进展为0.22 cm,较第一代增加9.9%。本研究旨在为提高鳜鱼育种效率提供重要参数,加速育种进程。     

九孔鲍幼鲍生长性状的遗传参数估计

采用不平衡巢式设计方法和人工授精技术,1个父本配3个母本,建立九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor super-texta)12个半同胞家系和36个全同胞家系.在40日龄、120日龄、180日龄、240日龄时分别对所建36家系个体测量壳长,壳宽与体质量.采用单性状约束最大似然法(Restricted Maximum Likelihood Method, REML)估计九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor supertexta)各阶段体质量,壳宽与壳长性状的遗传参数.结果表明,九孔鲍幼鲍在40、120、180、240日龄时壳长遗传力估计值为(0.13±0.09)~(0.56±0.15),壳宽遗传力估计值为(0.13±0.06)~(0.62±0.13),体质量遗传力估计值为(0.18±0.15)~(0.26±0.08),均属于中等遗传力.另外,从性状的表型相关与遗传相关可以得出,九孔鲍稚鲍在不同日龄壳长、壳宽与体质量的表型相关和遗传相关均为正相关(P≤0.05).表型相关系数为0.66~0.94,遗传相关系数为0.85~0.98,研究结果表明,以3个主要生长性状之一作为选育目标,均能达到遗传改良的目的.     

斑点叉尾鮰基础群体生长和存活性状遗传参数估计

研究估计了斑点叉尾基础群体(G0)体质量、体长和存活性状的遗传参数,为制定育种目标、综合选择指数和选择方法提供基础参数。实验利用5个斑点叉尾引进群体,通过双列杂交和巢式交配设计,产生全同胞和半同胞家系。每个家系内的稚、幼鱼经过中间暂养、个体标记等阶段后,混合放入一个池塘进行生长和存活测试。利用两性状动物模型和公母畜阈模型分别估计生长和存活性状的方差组分和遗传参数。通过最佳线性无偏预测法估计所有个体生长和存活性状的育种值。斑点叉尾基础群体收获体质量和体长遗传力分别为0.41±0.074和0.32±0.064,属于高遗传力水平,并且统计检验显著(P<0.05)。尽管在两性状动物模型中设置标记体质量和标记体长作为协变量进行校正,但是由于加性遗传效应和共同环境效应混淆在一起无法剖分,遗传力估计值偏高。收获体质量和收获体长的表型和遗传相关系数分别为0.93和0.97,表现为高度线性正相关。存活性状的遗传力为0.037±0.016,表现为低遗传力,但统计检验仍达到显著水平(P<0.05)。家系生长(收获体质量和收获体长)和存活性状育种值间的相关系数分别为0.065和0.100,表现为低度线性遗传正相关,并且统计检验不显著(P>0.05)。因此在制定育种方案时,生长和存活性状都可纳入育种目标,利用多性状选择指数方法同时选择。     

斑点叉尾基础群体生长和存活性状遗传参数估计

研究估计了斑点叉尾基础群体(G0)体质量、体长和存活性状的遗传参数,为制定育种目标、综合选择指数和选择方法提供基础参数。实验利用5个斑点叉尾引进群体,通过双列杂交和巢式交配设计,产生全同胞和半同胞家系。每个家系内的稚、幼鱼经过中间暂养、个体标记等阶段后,混合放入一个池塘进行生长和存活测试。利用两性状动物模型和公母畜阈模型分别估计生长和存活性状的方差组分和遗传参数。通过最佳线性无偏预测法估计所有个体生长和存活性状的育种值。斑点叉尾基础群体收获体质量和体长遗传力分别为0.41±0.074和0.32±0.064,属于高遗传力水平,并且统计检验显著(P0.05)。尽管在两性状动物模型中设置标记体质量和标记体长作为协变量进行校正,但是由于加性遗传效应和共同环境效应混淆在一起无法剖分,遗传力估计值偏高。收获体质量和收获体长的表型和遗传相关系数分别为0.93和0.97,表现为高度线性正相关。存活性状的遗传力为0.037±0.016,表现为低遗传力,但统计检验仍达到显著水平(P0.05)。家系生长(收获体质量和收获体长)和存活性状育种值间的相关系数分别为0.065和0.100,表现为低度线性遗传正相关,并且统计检验不显著(P0.05)。因此在制定育种方案时,生长和存活性状都可纳入育种目标,利用多性状选择指数方法同时选择。     

大菱鲆生长和耐高温性状的遗传参数估计

对来自40个家系的753尾大菱鲆个体进行耐高温实验,测定其生长和耐高温性状.基于是否考虑全同胞家系效应,建立了两种动物模型,用于估算大菱鲆生长和耐高温性状的遗传参数.利用WOMBAT程序采用平均信息约束极大似然法估计各模型中性状的方差组分,用似然比检验法进行不同模型的差异检验.方差组分分析结果显示,估计体质量遗传参数时,采用模型Ⅰ效果较好,相应遗传力为(0.22±0.09)；估计肥满度时,两模型间差异不显著,其遗传力范围为(0.21±0.18)～(0.39±0.11)；估计耐热性时,采用模型Ⅰ比较理想,遗传力为(0.026±0.034).表型和遗传相关分析结果表明,体质量与肥满度、耐热性的表型相关系数分别为0.13和0.04,肥满度与耐热性的表型相关系数为0.13；体质量与肥满度、耐热性遗传相关系数分别为0.01和-1.00,肥满度与耐热性的遗传相关系数为0.05.研究结果表明,没有考虑全同胞家系效应的模型Ⅰ是估计大菱鲆生长和耐高温性状遗传参数的较好模型.     

牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)家系生长性状遗传效应分析

牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)优良养殖新品种培育是防止其品种退化和提高经济效益的主要途径,数量性状遗传评估是牙鲆育种的主要方法之一.本研究利用已建立的牙鲆核心群体建立42个牙鲆家系,分别测量140、170、200、380日龄各家系生长相关性状(体重、全长和体宽),通过MINQUE、REML和BLUP方法对其进行数量遗传分析.结果显示,不同时期生长性状的变异系数为10.56％-38.62％,其中,体重的变异系数最大,全长和体宽的变异系数都较小,不同性状的变异系数均随着日龄的增加而减小.3个性状的加性方差分量比率为(0.13±0.01)-(0.29±0.06),随机方差分量比率为(0.71±0.06)-(0.87±0.01),狭义遗传力为(0.13±0.01)-(0.29±0.06),广义遗传力为(0.15±0.01)-(0.54±0.06),以上遗传参数均达极显著性水平(P＜0.01).综合比较3个性状在不同时期的遗传效应,结果发现,F0990、F1005、KS和F0719这4个群体亲本都为极显著正向效应,F0751、F0768、F0780、F09121、F0927和RS这6个群体亲本都为极显著负向效应(P＜0.01),其余的亲本均为一般效应.表型相关系数在0.82-0.96之间,遗传相关系数在0.72-0.97之间.利用BLUP方法对380日龄测量的数据进行育种值估算,结果发现,亲鱼体重育种值为14.63-100.05,其中,体重育种值最高的亲鱼个体为F1005-8、F09119-11、F09125-4、F0915-57、F09104-12、F1264、F0908-38、F0927-20、F1005-53、F0990-6、F09125-7、F0751-14和F1005-42.家系平均体重育种值为20.87-35.60,其中,平均体重育种值最高的家系为F1416、F1428、F1442、F1418、F1427、F1408、F1402、F1412和F1446.以体重育种值为依据选留的家系育种值与根据表型值选留的家系育种值比较可得:体重育种值选择比其表型值的选择效率高81.91％,育种值选育更好.本研究为牙鲆优良家系的建立及新品种的培育筛选出了性状优良的亲本和家系,同时为牙鲆育种计划的制定提供了重要理论依据.     

草鱼幼鱼生长性状和肌肉成分的遗传参数估计

为了研究草鱼幼鱼阶段生长性状和肌肉成分的遗传改良潜力。随机采集288尾人工繁育的4月龄草鱼幼鱼，基于12对微卫星标记，鉴定出来自16个家系（8个母本，9个父本）的273尾个体，各家系、母本和父本对应子代贡献率存在极显著差异（P<0.01）。对草鱼3个生长性状（体质量、体长和肥满度）和2个肌肉成分指标（粗蛋白含量和粗脂肪含量）比较发现，3个生长性状和粗蛋白含量在家系和母系半同胞间存在显著差异（P<0.05），而3个生长性状和2个肌肉成分指标在父系半同胞间差异均不显著（P>0.05）。基于动物模型和限制性最大似然法，草鱼4月龄体质量、体长、肥满度、粗蛋白含量和粗脂肪含量的遗传力估值分别为0.34、0.33、0.17、0.17和0.20，其中3个生长性状遗传力估值统计检验显著（P<0.05）。遗传相关分析显示，体质量与体长之间呈极显著的高度正相关（0.82, P<0.01），肥满度与体质量和2个肌肉成分之间存在显著的正相关（0.17-0.29, P<0.05）。研究表明，草鱼4月龄生长性状具有较高的选育潜力，并可通过体长选择实现对体质量的遗传改良；推测在草鱼生长改良过程中，可能会伴随肥满度和粗脂肪含量的变化，这应当引起重视。     

Heritability estimates for growth‐related traits in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) using a molecular pedigree

Pacific oyster is one of the leading species in world aquaculture, but heritability estimation applying mixed‐family approach has not been actively pursued. In this study, heritability for growth‐related traits in the Pacific oyster was first estimated by creating a single cohort of 45 families in a full‐factorial mating design consisting of nine sires and five dams. A total of 270 offspring were analysed and parentage assignment inferred by six microsatellite markers achieved 100% success. All parents contributed to the spawn and a total of 42 full‐sib families were represented. Using an animal model, heritability estimates at 12 months of age were 0.49 ± 0.25 for shell height, 0.36 ± 0.19 for shell length, 0.45 ± 0.23 for shell width and 0.35 ± 0.17 for wet weight. Genetic correlation between shell height and wet weight was quite high (0.79 ± 0.25), suggesting that direct selection of shell height, which is an easily measurable trait, also improves wet weight. The results obtained in this study indicate that growth‐related traits could be improved by exploiting additive genetic effects through selective breeding.     

Genetic parameter estimation of nine quantitative traits by a marker‐based method in Large Yellow Croaker,Larimichthys crocea (Richardson)

Large yellow croaker accounts for the largest biomass production of any maricultured fish in China. However, very little is known about the genetic parameters of its commercially important traits. As an initial step towards developing a selective breeding programme, genetic parameters of nine quantitative traits were estimated using a marker‐based method. Dorsal fin samples were collected to extract genomic DNA, and GBS method was employed to construct the libraries for sequencing. Genetic parameters were estimated by REML method through a genomic relationship matrix (G matrix) constructed by abundant genomewide SNPs. The nine traits were body weight (BWT), body length (BL), body height (BH), length/height ratio (LTH), body width (BWH), eviscerated weight (EW), gonad weight (GW), eviscerated weight/body weight ratio (REB) and swim bladder index (SBI). Estimates of heritability were 0.63 ± 0.11, 0.60 ± 0.11, 0.53 ± 0.11, 0.34 ± 0.11, 0.55 ± 0.11, 0.66 ± 0.11, 0.37 ± 0.10, 0.25 ± 0.08 and 0.71 ± 0.10 for the nine traits respectively. The relatively high heritability values may be derived from calculating the genetic relationship by high‐density SNPs. To illustrate that, we had studied on the variation of the heritability estimates with different number of SNPs evenly sampled from 29748 SNPs. The results showed that the estimates of heritability generally decreased when the number of SNPs reduced. There were relatively high phenotypic and genetic correlations between the pairs of BWT, BL, BH, BWH and EW, which indicated that genetic improvement for these traits could be accomplished merely by selecting one trait. The results obtained in this study may provide a reference for the later selective breeding programme.     

Estimating the heritability for growth-related traits in the pearl oyster,Pinctada fucata martensii (Dunker)

Twelve paternal half-sib families (or 36 full-sib families) of the pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata martensii (Dunker), were produced according to the requirements of hierarchical genetic mating design. A total of 4320 individuals, aged 15 months, were measured for seven growth-related traits. Predicated upon the additive-dominance genetic analysis model, varying genetic variance components and then heritabilities of the growth-related traits of interest were estimated using analysis of variance. Results showed that seven growth-related traits had larger additive genetic variances (P<0.05); the dominance genetic variance of shell weight (SW) was smaller (P>0.05), the dominance genetic variances of other six traits were all larger (P<0.05). Narrow- and broad-sense heritabilities for the seven traits were, respectively, 0.64 ± 0.10 and 0.78 ± 0.12 for shell length, 0.49 ± 0.06 and 0.63 ± 0.09 for shell height, 0.38 ± 0.14 and 0.54 ± 0.16 for shell breadth, 0.41 ± 0.17 and 0.56 ± 0.11 for hinge length, 0.53 ± 0.11 and 0.68 ± 0.08 for body weight, 0.35 ± 0.07 and 0.55 ± 0.08 for tissue weight and 0.67 ± 0.10 and 0.75 ± 0.16 for SW. All heritability estimates were statistically significant (P<0.05). According to these results, the mass selection procedure is suggested for the breeding of P. martensii.     

虾夷扇贝家系早中期生长性状比较与遗传参数估计

为获得虾夷扇贝快速生长家系及早中期生长性状遗传参数,以2011年培育的虾夷扇贝F28个半同胞和16个全同胞家系为实验材料,在其7~13月龄期间,测量其各生长性状,进行各生长性状变异分析、各生长性状多重比较分析,估计虾夷扇贝早中期各性状的遗传力和重复力,并对壳高、壳长、壳宽与活体质量各性状进行表型相关性和遗传相关性分析。结果表明,虾夷扇贝早中期生长性状中活体质量的变异系数最大,为37.40%~69.81%;壳高的变异系数最小,为12.74%~22.77%,表明虾夷扇贝各生长性状均有较大的选育空间。研究获得壳高、壳长、壳宽和活体质量快速生长家系Py11-02、Py11-03和Py11-15号家系。虾夷扇贝壳高、壳长、壳宽和活体质量的遗传力分别为0.220~0.586、0.151~0.511、0.200~0.742、0.219~0.617,为中高等遗传力;重复力分别为0.11~0.29、0.08~0.25、0.10~0.36、0.11~0.30,为中低等重复力;壳高、壳长、壳宽与活体质量间的表型相关分别为0.926~0.935、0.929~0.943、0.692~0.937,均达到极显著水平(P0.01);遗传相关分别为0.908~0.984、0.921~0.975、0.946~0.981,均表现出高度遗传相关。研究为虾夷扇贝良种培育提供一定的理论依据。     

三角帆蚌紫色选育系1龄阶段内壳色及生长性状的遗传参数估计

采用群体选育辅助种内群体间杂交选育的方法,以内壳色、体质量作为选育性状,经过连续4代的选育获得了紫色选育系F4。本实验以F4为亲本进行繁殖,利用6对微卫星标记,对15个同批繁育的F4母蚌的1龄后代进行亲子鉴定,鉴别出了来自12个父本、15个母本的42个全同胞家系,使用ASREML软件的约束极大似然法对三角帆蚌内壳色及生长性状进行了遗传参数分析。结果显示,内壳色颜色参数L*、a*、b*、dE*的遗传力分别为0.31±0.22、0.11±0.08、0.36±0.18、0.29±0.19,L*、a*、b*之间的遗传相关和表型相关均较低,范围为0.08~0.47和0.04~0.32,L*与dE*相关性最大,遗传相关为-0.94±0.06,表型相关为-0.96±0.01;生长性状壳长、壳高、壳宽、体质量和壳重的遗传力分别为0.24±0.19、0.37±0.27、0.26±0.16、0.26±0.17、0.31±0.19,各性状间遗传相关和表型相关均为正相关,分别为0.71~0.92、0.66~0.94;颜色参数与生长性状的遗传相关和表型相关均很低,为0.02~0.18。三角帆蚌紫色选育系1龄阶段内壳色和生长性状的遗传力多为中高水平,对其继续进行遗传改良预期能够获得良好遗传进展。内壳色与生长性状的相关度很低,无法实现相互选择,体质量与其他生长性状相关均较紧密,表明将内壳色、体质量作为目标性状进行同步选育的方法合理,可实现同时改良壳色及生长性能的目的。     

Phenotypic estimates and heritability values of Artemia franciscana

Artemia, in all stages of its life cycle, is suitable food for most diversified groups of aquatic animals. Although its size at different stages restricts its use as a food for some groups of fish, this problem can be overcome using selective breeding techniques. The formulation of any selective breeding programme calls for a proper understanding of the genetic architecture of the economically important traits of the population under study. Thus, heritability for certain important life history and reproductive traits was estimated in Artemia franciscana from the Great Salt Lake, Utah. In the present study, the sexwise heritability values for growth and reproduction traits were estimated using parent–offspring regression. The phenotypic parameters for the same traits are also recorded. The naupliar length was 487.0±2.0 and 490.6±1.8 μm for males and females, respectively, whereas the heritability values for naupliar length were 0.5851±0.2153 and 0.3766±0.1899 respectively. The length at 3 and 6 days of age were 1.87±0.03 and 4.10±0.08 mm, respectively, for males whereas 1.87±0.03 and 4.30±0.08 mm, respectively, for females. The heritability values for length at 3 and 6 days of age for males were 0.3272±0.3651 and 0.4965±0.2466, respectively, whereas the respective values for the females were 0.1167±0.3841 and 0.0222±0.2971. The estimates of length at first brood, pre‐reproductive period and number of offspring in first brood were 10.09±0.23 mm, 16.00±0.23 days and 53.57±1.37 days, respectively, whereas the heritability values for respective traits were 0.0403±0.1078, 0.3234±0.2874 and 0.3404±0.2202.     

Effects of the individual rearing stage on the growth traits of candidate giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)

In most breeding programs of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the candidate parents will go through an overwintering period of individual rearing stage (IRS) after the communal rearing stage (CRS). To study whether environmental differences affect the growth traits of candidate parents, the heritability (h²) and genotype by environment (G?×?E) interaction were estimated for harvest body weight (HBW) and average daily weight gain (ADG) in CRS and IRS. The HBWs and ADGs of 3,242 candidate parents from 111 families were recorded at the two stages. The h² estimated for the HBW and ADG in the CRS were medium to high (0.333?±?0.205 and 0.284?±?0.173) and decreased to a medium magnitude in the IRS (0.158?±?0.032 and 0.171?±?0.034). The heritabilities for HBW and ADG were higher in females than that of males in CRS, but the situation reversed in IRS. No significant differences were found in heritabilities of HBW and ADG between males and females in the two stages (P?>?0.05). For HBW, the genetic correlations between the two stages were 0.32?±?0.18 for all candidates, 0.98?±?0.021 for females and 0.073?±?0.24 for males. For ADG, the genetic correlations between the two stages were???0.37?±?0.16 for all candidates,???0.079?±?0.20 for females and???0.51?±?0.18 for males. The IRS had an obvious influence on the growth traits of candidates, especially for males. To select parents more accurately, growth in the IRS should also be taken into consideration in parent selection and mating schemes in breeding programs of M. rosenbergii.