不同饵料对花鲳鱼苗生长影响的初步研究

本文研究了蛋白质含量为28% (第Ⅰ组),32% (第Ⅱ组),42% (第Ⅲ组),水蚯蚓(第Ⅳ组)4种不同饲料对花鲭鱼苗生长的影响,试验时间为42d.试验结果表明:随着蛋白质含量的升高,花鱼骨鱼苗的增重率、特定生长率和饵料效率都相应提高.第Ⅲ组显著高于第Ⅰ、Ⅱ组,而第Ⅰ组和第Ⅱ组变化不明显.投喂水蚯蚓的第Ⅳ组具有明显的生长优势.本文还对花鱼骨鱼苗饲料的适宜蛋白质含量进行了讨论.     

饲料蛋白质含量对翘嘴红Bo生长影响的初步研究

本报道了饲料蛋白质含量对翘嘴红Bo生长的影响。试验分别用5种不同蛋白质含量饲料饲养平均体长8厘米、平均体重2克的2龄翘嘴红Bo30天，以观察饲料蛋白质含量对翘嘴红Bo生长的影响。5种试验饲料的蛋白质含量分别为30%、36%、42%、48%、54%。（1-5组）试验结果表明：饲料蛋白质含量在30%-54%的范围内，随着蛋白质含量的增加翘嘴红Bo的生长比速、饲料效率都相应提高。第4组较前3组提高较多，而第3组较第4组变化不明显。蛋白质效率1-4组呈递增趋势，第5组开始下降。因此，我们认为翘嘴红Bo实用配合饲料的蛋白质含量在48%-54%之间较为适宜。     

蛋白质与饱食度对工厂化养殖半滑舌鳎

在封闭循环水养殖条件下,进行5×3双因素随机设计动物试验,即5种饲料蛋白质水平（43％、46％、49％、52％和56％;以A—E组表示）和3种饲喂饱食度水平（100％、90％和80％;以I、Ⅱ和Ⅲ水平表示）,共15个处理,每处理3重复,试验期108d。探寻蛋白质营养与饱食度对工厂化养殖半滑舌鳎幼鱼（110±25g）生长与免疫的影响。结果表明,（1）高蛋白水平与高饱食度投喂的增重效果最佳,E组增重率极显著高于其他组13．75％～50．16％,工水平比Ⅱ和Ⅲ水平分别极显著提高7．57％和14．08％;中蛋白水平蛋白效率较高而死亡率最低,C组死亡率比其他组降低50％～759／6;低饱食度的饲料利用率和蛋白质效率最高,Ⅲ水平比I、Ⅱ水平分别显著高4．78％和5．32％。（2）中蛋白水平和高饱食度有利于提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力,C组比其他组显著提高4．2％～34．79％,I水平分别比Ⅱ和Ⅲ水平极显著高15．27％和25．70％;中蛋白水平和90％饱食度有利于提高溶茵酶（LZM）活力,C组比其他组极显著提高4．61％～18．07％,Ⅱ水平比工和Ⅲ水平分别极显著高12．03％和4．58％;中高蛋白水平和高饱食度有利于提高补体C3和C4活力。（3）获得工厂化养殖半滑舌鳎幼鱼最大生长的饲料蛋白质水平为56％;最佳免疫力和蛋白效率的饲料蛋白质水平为499／5～52％。     

人工饲料和活饵料对长吻鱼种生长的影响

长吻鱼种在室内分别用活饵料（水蚯蚓）、人工配合饲料和混合饲料（人工配合饲料＋水蚯蚓）饲养了３０天，测定和分析了各种饲料对其生长和成活的影响。结果显示：混和组具有最佳效果：生长率最快，饲料利用和鱼种成活率都较好，其平均体重从０．５２ｇ增加到３．０６ｇ．每日生长率４．５２％，成活率６５％．而人工配合饲料组具有最好的成活率（８０％）．平均增重（１．６６ｇ）好于水蚯蚓组（１．４５ｇ）。水蚯蚓组饵料系数（０．７７，干重）最低，但其成活率差（３０％）．初步认为长吻　鱼种早期阶段的培育，以混合饲料投喂效果最佳，人工配合饲料次之，水蚯蚓相对较差。     

人工饲料和活饵料对长吻Wei鱼种生长的影响

长吻Ｗｅｉ鱼种在室内分别用活饵料（水蚯蚓）、人工配合饲料和混合饲料（人工配合饲料＋水蚯蚓）饲养了３０天，测定和分析了各种饲料对其生长和成活的影响。结果显示：混和组具有最佳效果：生长率最快，饲料利用和鱼种成活率都较好，其平均体重从０．５２ｇ增加到３．０６ｇ，每日生长率４．５２％，成活率６５％。而人工配合饲料组具有最好的成活率（８０％），平均增重（１．６６ｇ）好于水蚯蚓组（１．４５ｇ）。水蚯蚓组饵料系     

泥鳅苗期适宜饲料研究

为寻找适宜饲料提高泥鳅苗期生长速度和成活率,将泥鳅分为3组,每组3重复,每重复放养均重为0.19g的泥鳅180尾,分别投喂水蚯蚓、微粒饲料和鱼糜,在常温下饲养2周.结果:泥鳅外形均正常,色泽亮丽,体态均匀,活动能力强,成活率达到97％以上各组差异不显著(P>0.05);水蚯蚓组个体均匀度好,与微粒饲料、鱼糜组差异较大;水蚯蚓组特定生长率为8.43％±0.166,显著高于鱼糜与微粒饲料(P<0.05),微粒饲料组特定生长率为5.84％±0.237,显著高于鱼糜组,低于水蚯蚓组(P<0.05),鱼糜特定生长率最低,显著低于水蚯蚓与微粒饲料(P<0.05);全长增长,水蚯蚓组的终末全长也显著长于微粒饲料组、鱼糜组(P<0.05),而微粒饲料组和鱼糜组终末全长无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论:本实验表明泥鳅苗饲料适宜可获得较佳生长速度,微粒配合饲料仅次于水蚯蚓喂养鳅苗能获得较佳生长性能,单纯投喂鱼糜效果不够理想,水蚯蚓为泥鳅苗期最佳饵料.     

大菱鲆幼鱼的蛋白质与能量需求

饲料中蛋白质的含量对大菱鲆幼鱼的生长起着决定性作用，适宜的能蛋比，既有利于能量的利用，又有利于蛋白质的利用，提高了饲料的利用率。设计4个蛋白质含量梯度和4个能量梯度的16组饲料，试验证明，蛋白质含量大于42％、能蛋比小于115，鱼体日增重率明显增大，饲料系数明显降低，表现出较高的饲料效率，本研究认为大菱鲆幼鱼配合饲料适宜的蛋白质含量为42％～45％、适宜的能蛋比为92．7～102．5。     

不同驯化方式对哲罗鱼仔、稚鱼生长和存活的影响

在水温8．9～14．2℃下,在平列糟（长3m,宽0．4m,高0．2m）中采用A、B和C组三种投喂方式驯养刚开口摄食、体质量0．129±0．07g的哲罗鱼（Huchotaimen）苗60d,以探讨驯化方式对哲罗鱼仔、稚鱼生长、存活和种群变异系数的影响：A组以浮游动物开口,投喂浮游动物3d,投喂水蚯蚓15d后,改投人工饲料;B组以水蚯蚓开121,投喂水蚯蚓15d后,改投人工饲料;C组直接以人工饲料开口。结果表明：C组体质量特定生长率（3．577±0．78％／d）,明显大于A组（3．132±0．87％／d）和B组（3．024±0．91）;A、B、C组的成活率分别为75．67％、74．87％和84．36％,C组明显大于A、B组;A、B和c组鱼体质量变异系数依次为21．47％、22．59％和11．32％,实验表明,直接以人工饲料开口是哲罗鱼规模化养殖中合理的驯化投喂模式。     

不同饵料对胭脂鱼生长和肠道消化酶活性的影响

研究了不同饵料(卤虫、饲料、水蚯蚓、水蚯蚓+饲料)对胭脂鱼生长和消化酶活性的影响。在水温(18±2)℃将初始体质量为(6.60±0.40)g的胭脂鱼随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复放养10尾鱼,分别饲喂卤虫、饲料、水蚯蚓、水蚯蚓+饲料,试验周期56d。试验结果表明,水蚯蚓+饲料混合组和水蚯蚓组生长效果最佳,混合组优于水蚯蚓组(P0.05),饲料组和卤虫组次之,饲料组优于卤虫组(P0.05);肠道消化酶活性卤虫组饲料组水蚯蚓组混合组,卤虫组和饲料组3种消化酶活性均最低,水蚯蚓组与水蚯蚓+饲料混合组差异显著(P0.05)。     

饲料蛋白水平对不同规格凡纳滨对虾蛋白质表观消化率和消化酶活性的影响

研究了7个蛋白质水平（32%、34%、36%、38%、40%、42%和44%）饲料对3个规格（Ⅰ：0.6-4.0 g;Ⅱ：4.0-10.0 g;Ⅲ：10.0-18.0 g）的凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）蛋白质表观消化率、肝胰脏蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性的影响。规格Ⅰ对虾投喂36%的饲料组具有最大蛋白质表观消化率（85.61%）,规格Ⅱ和规格Ⅲ均在40%饲料组达到最大蛋白质表观消化率（分别为84.19%和84.67%）且显著高于其他组。规格Ⅰ40%饲料组具有最高的蛋白酶活力（26.67 U·mg-1）且显著高于44%饲料组,32%饲料组淀粉酶活力显著高于其他组,38%-44%饲料组淀粉酶活性无显著性差异;规格Ⅱ36%饲料组具有最高的蛋白酶活力（25.84 U·mg-1）,但各组之间差异不显著,32%-38%饲料组的淀粉酶活力显著高于40%-44%饲料组;规格Ⅲ44%饲料组蛋白酶活力显著高于32%饲料组,42%、44%饲料组淀粉酶活力均显著高于32%饲料组。     

花（♀）×唇（♂）远缘杂交的初步研究

为探索花（Hemibarbus maculates）（♀）×唇（H.labeo）（♂）远缘杂交的可行性,2009—2011年进行花（♀）×唇（♂）的远缘杂交试验。结果表明：采用常规人工干法授精获得花（♀）×唇（♂）杂交受精卵,受精卵在（20±1）℃水温下孵化,受精率、孵化率和出苗率分别达到89.3%、72.6%和67.9%。杂交子一代仔鱼在受精后68h,30min出膜。经过25～30d饲养,夏花鱼种体长达到3～4cm,成活率66%。试验结果证明花（♀）×唇（♂）杂交子一代受精卵能够正常发育,且鱼苗、鱼种及成鱼都能正常生长发育。     

花提早人工催产及孵化试验

2008年4月16-28日在浙江湖州地区进行了花于水温15℃条件下的人工催产生产性试验。用常规催产剂和方法,催产花亲鱼540尾,其中雌亲鱼355尾、雄亲鱼185尾。试验结果表明:排卵率为91.5%,催产效应时间为29.5 h,群体排卵时间为2.5 h;受精率为98.7%;孵化鱼苗(下塘鱼苗)380万尾。与常规生产水温17～18℃以上催产情况比较,在水温15℃条件下,花也完全可以进行人工催产;除效应时间和孵化时间延长及卵膜难以溶解外,其排卵率、受精率、群体排卵时间和孵化率等均无明显差异。     

花[鱼骨]人工繁殖技术的研究

本文主要研究了花[鱼骨]的繁殖生物学和人工繁殖技术。经过实验摸清了花的性成熟年龄和成熟最小型,性腺的发育状况,花的繁殖力、产卵时间和水温、雌雄鉴别等;比较了不同催产药物对花的催产效果,2008年催产率达100%,受精率95.3%,孵化率95%,获鱼苗14.12万尾。     

棉粕酶解蛋白肽对建鲤生产性能和生化指标的影响

以2%棉粕酶解蛋白肽(以下简称蛋白肽)分别等质量替代基础日粮中2%鱼粉和2%植物蛋白原料(1.0%豆粕+0.5%菜粕+0.5%棉粕),考察蛋白肽对(48.56±1.39)g建鲤(Cyprinus carpio var.Jian)生长性能、血清及肠道相关酶活的影响。结果表明:蛋白肽替代鱼粉或植物蛋白后试验组增重率和特定生长率均显著性高于对照组(P<0.05),同时饵料系数显著降低(P<0.05);蛋白肽可降低脏体比和肝体比,并显著性提高鱼体粗蛋白含量(P<0.05);同时可提高试验组建鲤血清溶菌酶、碱性磷酸酶和肠道中蛋白酶的活性。     

Growth response and fatty acid composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry fed diets containing different levels of soybean and egg lecithin

We investigated the effect of soybean and chicken egg lecithin on the growth performance, fatty acid profile and body composition of rainbow trout fry. Seven isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were prepared by replacing 0, 2, 4 and 6 % soybean and egg lecithin instead of soybean oil in diets. Trout fry with initial average weight 120 ± 4.08 mg were randomly distributed in twenty-one 90-L tanks. Triplicate groups (165 fish per tank) of fry were fed to visual satiation at six meals per day for 40 days. Incorporation of 2 and 4 % egg lecithin led to increase in final weight, specific growth rate and weight gain compared with control group. Also, 4 % soybean lecithin had moderate effects on growth performance of fry. The fatty acid compositions of fry were influenced by dietary fatty acid. Fish fed egg lecithin showed higher amount of monounsaturated fatty acid than soybean lecithin and control groups. Fry fed soybean lecithin had significantly higher levels of polyunsaturated and n-6 fatty acid than egg lecithin and control groups. Soybean and egg lecithin induced higher amount of highly unsaturated fatty acid in lecithin groups compared with control group. The lipid and ash content of whole-body tissues were positively affected by percentages of soybean and egg lecithin in the diets. So 6 % soybean and egg lecithin induced higher amounts of lipid and ash body content. The results of our study indicated that dietary egg lecithin had growth-promoting effect, and rainbow trout fry had moderate lecithin requirement (at least 2 % as fed).     

饲料中不同蛋白质及不同蛋白质含量对倒刺鲃鱼苗生长的影响

采用4种不同动、植物性蛋白质及其不同含量的饲料分别喂养4组倒刺鲃鱼苗别。试验结果：植物性蛋白质含量较高的饲料比含量较低的饲料更好促进鱼苗的生长；饲料中含有一定比例动物性蛋白质比不含动物性蛋白质会更好促进鱼苗的生长，并对有关问题进行了讨论。     

The dietary protein requirements of Cichlasoma synspilum Hubbs, 1935 (Pisces: Cichlidae) fry

A 12 week feeding trial was conducted in a closed recirculating system with Cichlasoma synspilum (Hubbs) fry (280 mg) in order to determine their protein requirements. Six diets containing increasing protein levels (30, 35, 40, 45, 50 and 55%) were formulated using brown fish meal as the protein source. The fish were fed by hand daily at a rate of 6% body weight: at 2-week intervals, the fish were bulkweighed and the feeding rate was adjusted accordingly After 90 days, a direct relationship was observed between dietary protein content and fmal body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate (P < 0,05), with the best results for diets containing 50,45,40 and 55% of protein: feed intake, food conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, carcass nitrogen deposition and apparent N utilization were also statistically higher (P < 0,05) for fish fed diets with 50, 45, 40 and 55% of protein content. The lower performance was obtained in those fish fed diets with 30 and 35% protein content. Applying the broken-line response method with SGR data, the protein requirement of C. sytispilum fry was established as 40.81%.     

两种免疫增强剂对黄颡鱼生长、消化及免疫性能的影响

将180尾黄颡鱼随机分成3组,即Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,每组3重复,Ⅰ组为对照组,投喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ为试验组,分别在投喂基础日粮中添加0.01%的芽孢杆菌与0.01%低聚糖复合制剂(Ⅱ)和1%中草药免疫增强剂(Ⅲ),连续投喂60天,测定了黄颡鱼增重率,成活率及胃肠消化酶,肝胰,血清免疫酶活性。结果显示:与对照组相比,Ⅱ,Ⅲ组均显著提高了黄颡鱼的增重率,成活率(P<0.05)。Ⅱ组胃消化酶,肠蛋白酶和和Ⅲ组胃消化酶活性与对照相比提高显著(P<0.05),但Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组肠淀粉酶活性有所下降。与对照组相比,试验组肝胰ACP,肝胰AKP,肝胰SOD,血清ACP,血清AKP活性均不同程度提高。结果表明:在饲料中添加免疫增强剂,能够提高黄颡鱼的生产性能及消化免疫能力。     

Effect of varying levels of dietary protein on the growth performance and feed conversion efficiency of snakehead Channa striata fry

Six isocaloric test diets, based on fishmeal-groundnut oil cake and containing 350–600 g kg^?1 protein at 50 g kg^?1 incremental levels were fed to snakehead, Channa Striata (Bloch), fry at a rate of 10% of body weight per day under laboratory conditions to determine the effect of varying level of dietary protein on the growth response. On the basis of percentage weight gain, daily weight gain, specific growth rate and daily tissue protein deposition, the dietary protein requirement of fry was found to be 550 g kg^?1 when fish meal was used as the major source of protein. There was a significant increase in carcass protein and a significant decrease in ash content with progressive dietary protein substitution. Fry fed with high protein diets tended to have lower carcass lipid contents and higher moisture contents.     

Effects of dietary protein on growth and body composition of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L.

The effects of dietary protein (25%, 30%, 35%, 40% and 45%) on growth, survival, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and body composition were investigated for four sizes (0.51, 45, 96 and 264 g) of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L. In all four experiments, there was a progressive increase in growth with increasing dietary protein. In fry (0.51 g), significantly higher growth, survival and feed conversion were recorded for fish fed 40–45% rather than 25–35% protein diets. Similar trends for growth and FCR were also noted in 45 g fish. For larger (96 and 264 g) tilapia, significant differences in growth and FCR were found only between fish fed 25% and 30–45% protein diets. FCR and PER decreased with increasing weight of fish, and both were found to be negatively correlated with dietary protein level. Whole-body composition of the smallest fish was significantly influenced by dietary protein content. Percentage body protein of the fish fed 40–45% protein was higher than that of fish fed 25–35% protein diets, whereas lipid content decreased with increasing dietary protein level. In 45 g fish, both protein and lipid contents were higher in fish fed 25% and 30% protein diets than in those fed 35–45% protein diets. In larger tilapia, no significant influence of dietary protein level on body protein content was found. Percentage lipid decreased with increasing dietary protein level, and no definite trends in ash content were found. The results of these studies indicate that O. niloticus fry (0.51 g) should be reared on a practical diet containing 40% protein, and larger tilapia (96–264 g) on a diet containing 30% protein.