云斑尖塘鳢♀×线纹尖塘鳢♂杂交育种的初步研究

利用从国外引进的云斑、线纹尖塘鳢的自繁后代,经过强化培育、性腺促熟后,2009年5-9月开展人工杂交试验。试验结果:孵化水温28~30℃时,云斑尖塘鳢♀×线纹尖塘鳢♂孵化时间68h,受精率为90.0%,孵化率为83.6%,培苗出苗率为60.51%,研究证明尖塘鳢属种间杂交可以成功。     

杂交尖塘鳢池塘养殖关键技术

<正>我国引进的尖塘鳢属鱼类有云斑尖塘鳢(O.marmoratus Bleeker)和线纹尖塘鳢(O.lineolatus Steindachner),而其杂交种具有摄食强、耐粗饲,生长快、病害少、成活率高等特点,养殖性能得以较大提高,深受业者青睐。近年来,广东珠海及周边地区杂交尖塘鳢养殖面积达6000亩。然而,与云斑尖塘鳢、线纹尖塘鳢养殖不同,杂交尖塘鳢具有自身的生长特性,在饲养管理方面需要相应的技术措施,才有     

不同杂交组合尖塘鳢形态性状和生产性能的比较研究

本试验由云斑尖塘鳢、线纹尖塘鳢的自交、杂交及其回交试验组合及其子一代在同一环境条件下进行持续360d养殖试验,通过测量各组试验鱼的形态性状和生产性能,并进行比较分析。试验结果表明,无论正反杂交还是回交,其子代在形态性状和生产性能方面均出现较大变化,通过杂交子一代与云斑尖塘鳢亲本进行回交所得到的回交杂种在体色上得到改良,成活率、生长速率、起捕率、饵料转化率等各项生产性能也得到较好的巩固。     

尖塘鳢(笋壳鱼)的生物学及养殖概况

对尖塘鳢属 (Oxyeleotris)主要种的分类位置以及引进我国的云斑尖塘鳢 (O marmoratus)和线纹尖塘鳢 (O Lineolatus)繁养殖生物学进行了综述 ,并对其发展制约因素、前景进行报道和探析 ,为尖塘鳢养殖业的形成和健康发展提供一些有益的依据     

云斑尖塘鳢与线纹尖塘鳢杂交种肌肉营养成分分析

为科学评价云斑尖塘鳢、线纹尖塘鳢及其杂交种肌肉的营养价值,采用国内外通用的营养测定方法对3种尖塘鳢的常规营养组分、氨基酸组分、脂肪酸组分以及矿物质元素进行测定与比较分析.试验结果显示,3种尖塘鳢水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量分别为75.80％～79.23％、18.33％～19.23％、0.62％～1.63％和1.20...     

尖塘鳢的池塘全人工养殖

本文介绍了从国外引进的线纹尖塘鳢和云斑尖塘鳢养殖生物学特性及池塘全人工养殖技术,包括人工繁殖、仔幼鱼培育、幼成鱼中间培育、幼成鱼单品种饲养等技术。     

云斑尖塘鳢微卫星标记在两种虾虎鱼亚目鱼类群体间的适用性研究

利用微卫星DNA-聚合酶链式反应(STR-PCR)技术对已开发的14对云斑尖塘鳢(Oxyeleotrismarmorata)微卫星标记在线纹尖塘鳢(Oxyeleotris lineolatus)和河川沙塘鳢(Odontobutis potamophila)群体间进行通用性分析。结果显示,14对云斑尖塘鳢微卫星标记在线纹尖塘鳢群体均能扩增出特异性条带,在河川沙塘鳢群体中也有10对引物可稳定扩增,其中9对在线纹尖塘鳢群体中具有高度多态性,6对在河川沙塘鳢群体中具有高度多态性。通过这10对通用微卫星标记检测3个种群的平均观测杂合度(Ho)为0.344 9,平均期望杂合度(He)为0.704 3,平均多态信息(PIC)含量为0.536 9。同时获得3个有着较高的通用性微卫星位点(H27、H142和H97),平均PIC值均大于0.5,具有高度多态性,在3种虾虎鱼亚目鱼类中具有较高的通用性,这3个位点在3种虾虎鱼亚目鱼类之间共检测得到6～22个不等的等位基因,并获得1个可以用于鉴别沙塘鳢科与塘鳢科特异基因型的等位基因位点(H97)。因此,通过已开发的云斑尖塘鳢微卫星标记来获得适用相近物种的微卫星标记是可行的。     

河川沙塘鳢(♀)与云斑尖塘鳢(♂)杂交子代胚胎发育研究

以河川沙塘鳢(Odontobutis potamophila)为母本、云斑尖塘鳢(Oxyeleotris marmorata)为父本进行科间人工远缘杂交,对杂交子代胚胎发育情况进行了观察和记录,描述了各个发育阶段的形态特征。结果显示:杂交子代的胚胎发育可分为受精、卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、体节、鳃、孵化期8个阶段。根据每个阶段的形态建成以及发育特点,分为31个主要时期,卵裂阶段从2细胞期至32细胞期和桑葚期;囊胚阶段有囊胚早期、囊胚晚期;原肠阶段有原肠早期、原肠中期、原肠晚期;神经胚阶段有神经胚早期、神经胚晚期;体节分化阶段从2体节期到41体节期;鳃阶段又可分为消化系统形成期、肝脏形成期、鳃裂期以及脾脏和口裂形成期;最后的孵化期分为出膜前期、出膜期。在温度为(20±2)℃的孵化条件下,杂交子代的受精卵经501 h孵出仔鱼。     

云斑尖塘鳢人工繁育技术的研究

云斑尖塘鳢(Oxyeleotris marmoratus)俗称褐塘鳢、尖塘鳢或褐虾虎鱼,属鲈形目、虾虎鱼亚目、塘鳢科、尖塘鳢属,为虾虎鱼亚目中个体较大的种     

尖塘鳢的育苗生产概况

我国没有尖塘鳢属鱼类的记载,世界上报道的有云斑尖塘鳢、线纹尖塘鳢、尾斑尖塘鳢等,主要分布在东南亚诸国及澳洲大陆.其中,云斑尖塘鳢(1986年)和线纹尖塘鳢(1996年)先后引进我国珠三角地区.前者在泰国和我国俗称"泰国笋壳鱼",后者在澳洲英文俗称"睡鲶",在我国因怕误认为与鲶鱼近似,故又译成"睡鳕",俗称为"澳洲笋壳鱼".澳洲笋壳鱼分布在澳大利亚的北昆士兰.目前,泰国笋壳鱼和澳洲笋壳鱼在广东已有了一定的市场,现就这两种笋壳鱼的繁殖生产现状作一概述.     

黄颡鱼(♀)、长吻[鱼危](♂)及其杂交F1代遗传多样性分析

利用SSR分子标记技术和从20对微卫星引物中筛选出的12对多态性较高的引物,分析1龄、体质量(14.20±1.20)g黄颡鱼(♀)和长吻[鱼危](♂)及其杂交F1代[黄颡鱼(♀)×野生长吻[鱼危](♂)]的遗传多样性。试验结果显示,这3个群体之间的平均等位基因数分别为4.583、3.667、5.000;平均有效等位基因数分别为2.382、2.221和2.535;平均观测杂合度分别为0.419、0.367和0.604;平均期望杂合度分别为0.477、0.383和0.597;多态信息含量分别为0.420、0.365和0.509。杂交F1代与父本长吻[鱼危]的遗传距离为0.8551,小于与母本黄颡鱼的遗传距离(1.7271),在亲缘关系树状图上先与父本聚为一支。杂交F1代从父本中获得较多的遗传物质,较双亲有丰富的遗传多样性和更高的基因杂合度。该试验结果将为研究黄颡鱼和长吻[鱼危]杂交后代的遗传多样性,探索鲿科鱼类属间杂交育种后亲本与子代的亲缘关系和遗传规律提供理论依据。     

云斑尖塘鳢精子的超微结构

采用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了云斑尖塘鳢(Oxyeleotris marmoratus)的精子结构。结果显示:扫描电镜下云斑尖塘鳢精子由头部和尾部(鞭毛)组成。头部近似圆形,直径1.98～2.12μm,尾部鞭毛长23.22～32.92μm。透射电镜下云斑尖塘鳢精子由头部、中段和尾部三部分组成。头部细胞核呈扁卵圆形,前端不具顶体,染色质致密,细胞核内偶见小空隙;核膜与质膜间有间隙,其间分布有细胞质、囊泡、溶酶体,在细胞核后端,还分布有5～7个呈环形单层排列的线粒体;植入窝较浅,中段不明显,包括中心粒复合体和袖套;精子尾部的鞭毛细长,轴丝为典型的"9+2"型结构;轴丝外侧具有较发达的侧鳍。     

RAPD and microsatellite analysis of diploid gynogens from allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp (Carassius auratus)×common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Genetic variation was comparatively analyzed between the artificially induced diploid gynogen population from F₁₀ allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp (♀) (Carassius auratus red var., 2n=100)×common carp (♂) (Cyprinus carpio L., 2n=100) and the normal F₁₀ allotetraploid hybrid population used as the control, using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay and microsatellite analysis. The specific 600-bp fragment for diploid gynogen population was detected by S45 and the specific 900-bp fragment for allotetraploid F₁₀ hybrid population was detected by S134. The results from RAPD assay and microsatellite analysis were in agreement with each other, that is to say, the diploid gynogens presented lower level of polymorphism than allotetraploid F₁₀ hybrids. Furthermore, as expected, microsatellite analysis revealed more detailed information on genetic diversity than RAPD assay. The mean percentage of polymorphic loci (12.71%) and Shannon's index of phenotypic diversity (0.25) from RAPD data for diploid gynogen population were significantly lower than those (30.69% and 0.63, respectively) for F₁₀ allotetraploid hybrid population. The mean number of alleles per microsatellite locus (1.73) in diploid gynogen population was considerably lower than that (2.55) in F₁₀ allotetraploid hybrid population. The average observed (0.36) and expected heterozygosity (0.26) in diploid gynogen population were lower than those (0.58 and 0.40, respectively) in F₁₀ allotetraploid hybrid population, indicating that the diploid gynogens presented lower genetic diversity than the allotetraploids. In addition, the mean effective number of alleles at 11 microsatellite loci (1.60) in diploid gynogen population was lower than that (1.88) in F₁₀ allotetraploid hybrid population. The significant differences between two populations in the average observed and expected heterozygosity, mean number of alleles and effective number of alleles, suggested that the effect of gynogenesis resulted in rather higher genetic homogeneity in diploid gynogens. The comparative RAPD analysis of diploid gynogens and their parents was performed with 34 primers. The identical RAPD pattern was detected between diploid gynogens and their female parent, however, some clear specific RAPD bands were detected between diploid gynogens and their male parents, but not detected in their female parent. The result indicated that heterologous genetic material had incorporated into diploid gynogenetic fish (G₁).     

云斑尖塘鳢微卫星分子标记的筛选与检测

用磁珠富集法分离云斑尖塘鳢的微卫星序列,由所获得的1032个克隆中筛选出146个阳性克隆,经测序81个含有微卫星序列,52个为完美型,27个为非完美型,2个为复合型,其中43个微卫星序列重复次数在10以上。所获得的云斑尖塘鳢微卫星序列中除探针中使用的CA重复单元和GA重复单元外,还有TAC等其他类型的重复单元。设计合成38对微卫星引物,其中29对引物可稳定扩增出条带,使用这些引物对云斑尖塘鳢48个个体进行检测显示:观测杂合度平均值为0.63,期望杂合度平均值为0.43。29对引物中1对引物表现为单态,7对表现为高度多态,14对表现为中度多态,7对表现为低度多态,多态性较为丰富,说明本研究开发的绝大部分微卫星分子标记较为理想。     

两种杂交石斑鱼子一代杂种优势的微卫星标记分析

使用6对微卫星引物对两种杂交子一代(青龙斑和虎龙斑)及其亲本(斜带石斑鱼、棕点石斑鱼和鞍带石斑鱼)共5个群体进行微卫星分析,计算等位基因频率、有效等位基因数、基因杂合度、多态信息含量、相似指数和Nei氏遗传距离。结果显示,在5种石斑鱼中,棕点石斑鱼的平均有效等位基因数最大(6.849 3),最小的是鞍带石斑鱼(2.608 6)。6对微卫星引物在这5个群体中具有丰富的多态性,平均多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.666 7、0.751 3、0.441 9、0.664 0、0.542 6。在平均观测杂合度(Ho)中,虎龙斑和青龙斑的最高均为0.940 0,鞍带石斑鱼的最低为0.508 3。遗传距离和遗传相似率结果显示,青龙斑和虎龙斑均与父本鞍带石斑鱼的亲缘关系较近。杂交子一代群体的等位基因基本来自父母本群体双方,可推断杂交子一代的遗传物质来自父母双方,属两性融合生殖,是真正意义上的杂交种。杂交后代的遗传变异水平明显增强,这是杂种优势得以形成的重要遗传物质基础。     

赣昌鲫(日本白鲫♀×兴国红鲤♂)及其双亲同工酶的研究

采用不连续聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳法,研究了赣昌鲫(Carassius cuvieri♀×Cyprinus carpio var. singuonensis ♂)及其双亲的肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、心脏、脑、晶状体6种组织在超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶(MDH)、乳酸脱氢酶同工酶(LDH)、酯酶(EST)四种同工酶酶谱表达上的遗传差异。结果显示:赣昌鲫的SOD酶谱表达在6种组织中与母本一致;心脏、肝脏、肾脏的MDH表达酶带数与母本相同,且具偏母遗传特性,肌肉的MDH表达谱带数与父本肌肉相同,具偏父遗传特性;LDH、EST在各组织中的酶带表达形式则多数特征偏向于父本,部分与母本相似;LDH同工酶的表达显示出新杂种酶带特异性,EST同工酶在肾脏中也表达了自身特有的杂种酶带。结果表明,属间杂交的后代遗传物质上也存在着变异,存在可选育的性状。     

杂交鲌"先锋1号"肌肉营养成分分析及品质评价

为探明杂交鲌“先锋1号”与其母本翘嘴鲌(Erythroculter ilishaeformis)(♀)和父本黑尾近红鲌(Ancherythroculter nigrocauda)(♂)的营养品质差异,对三种鲌肌肉营养品质进行了测定和评价。结果显示:杂交鲌水分含量显著高于父本,粗脂肪含量显著低于父本,灰分含量显著低于母本。杂交鲌肌肉的胱氨酸(Cys)含量显著高于母本,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)高于父本。杂交鲌肌肉中十五碳烷酸(C15∶0)、α-亚麻酸(C18∶3)的相对含量显著高于翘嘴鲌和黑尾近红鲌。杂交鲌肌肉硬度显著高于母本,肌肉弹性显著低于父本;铁含量与父本无显著差异,但显著高于母本。结果表明,杂交鲌“先锋1号”肌肉营养成分兼具双亲的优良性状,表现出一定的杂交优势,是一种优质的营养资源。     

Effects of Added Shelter and Stocking Density on Growth of Sleepy Cod Oxyeleotris lineolatus in Ponds

Sleepy cod Oxyeleotris lineolatus is a species of freshwater goby in demand in Australian markets by consumers of Asian origin. It is related to marble goby Oxyeleotris marmoratus , the most expensive freshwater food fish in Asia, which is cultured throughout southeast Asia in ponds and cages. The performance of sleepy cod in culture conditions was investigated to assess the viability of farming them in northern Australia. Sleepy cod fingerlings (62.8 ± 0.8 mm total length and 2.56 ± 0.095 g) were stocked into experimental ponds at 32,857 fish/ha, and grown out for 8 mo. Shelter was provided in each of three replicate ponds and was absent in three control ponds. The provision of shelter in juvenile growout was found to be of no benefit, although fish in ponds provided with shelter weighed slightly more per unit length than fish in ponds without shelter. Cannibalism was not a problem in growout, and survival was close to 100%. After the shelter trial was completed, fish were graded into large and small classes (three replicates of each), and grown out without shelter at the same density for 158 d. Following that, fish were again graded, and the largest 30% retained from growout at a density of 8,857 fish/ha (large, 198 ± 6.44 g) or 10,000 fish/ha (small, 48.9 ± 1.27 g). These were grown out for 188 d. Growth of selected stock at low densities was slower than earlier growth rates, although smaller fish gained weight more rapidly than larger fish. Growth rates were better than the only published data for marble goby. Further investigation into high density culture and different genotypes of sleepy cod needs to be undertaken to determine the viability of pond culture.