Participation of local fishermen in scientific fisheries data collection: a case study from the Bangweulu Swamps, Zambia

The feasibility of participation by local fishermen in scientific fisheries data collection for stock assessment is described. Artisanal fishermen from the Bangweulu Swamps, Zambia, collected length-frequency data for 1 year from their catch using the main fishing methods employed in the swamps as well as experimental gears. It is shown that with this method, it is possible to obtain large quantities of reliable and relatively cheap length-frequency data that allow for a full length-based stock assessment, including cohort analysis. There are also indications that with a proper feedback of the findings by the research institutions to the fishing communities, this sampling method might enhance the awareness of exploitation patterns and the management consequences. This may be seen as a first step in preparing the communities to take up their role in a community-based approach in the management of the fish resources.     

Status of the fishery of Pimbmrettewa wewa, a man-made lake in Sri Lanka

Abstract. The status of the fishery of Pimburctlewa wewu, a man-made lake in Sri Lanka, was studied from January 1985 to January 1986. The annual fish yield in the reservoir is 441 kg/ha, one of the highest in the south-east Asian region. Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) is the dominant species in the fishery and accounted for about 90% by weight of the total catch. Although there were monthly variations in catch per unit effort, the daily catch per fisherman was not adversely affected. A possibility of having a more productive fishery is suggested In reducing The minimum permissible mesh size in the gillnet fishery during the peak recruitment season in May–June. The possible effects of reducing the mush size are discussed. Using the length-frequency data of O. mossambicus , the asymptotic length and the growth constant were estimated to be 39.3cm and 0.34 respectively. The estimates of total mortality (2.42). natural mortality (0–82) and mean selection length (24.6 cm) were based on these growth parameters Yield-per-recruit analysis indicated that the O. mossambictus fishery in the reservoir was optimally exploited.     

海州湾3种䲗属鱼类生长参数的年际变动

䲗属（）鱼类是海州湾地区常见的小型底栖饵料鱼类,但一直以来被渔业研究者忽视。本研究通过2011-2019年共18个航次的海州湾底拖网调查数据,分析了3种常见的䲗属鱼类——瓦氏䲗（C.richardsoni）的年际数量变化,并基于Bootstrap重抽样法,使用电子体长频率分析法（electronic length frequency analysis,ELEFAN）计算其冯·贝塔朗菲生长方程（von Bertalanffy growth function,VBGF）参数。结果表明,2011-2019年3种䲗属鱼类在海州湾地区表现出了极限体长由21.60 cm下降至13.96 cm,生长参数由19.72 cm下降至19.35 cm,生长参数由18.74 cm下降至14.91 cm,生长参数由0.45下降至0.43。3种䲗属鱼类总体上呈现数量下降与小型化趋势。本研究旨为䲗属鱼类生长特征研究提供参考资料,并为渔业资源评估提供基本参数依据。     

Age and growth of sea perch (Helicolenus percoides) from two adjacent areas off the east coast of South Island,New Zealand

A validated ageing methodology using otolith thin sections is presented for sea perch (Helicolenus percoides) in two adjacent areas off the east coast of South Island, New Zealand. Oxytetracycline marking of two adult fish held in captivity for 1 year suggested that a single dark growth increment formed during winter, commencing May or June. The annual formation of growth increments was confirmed by the observed progression of year classes in comparable samples from three different years, and the progression of length modes in several consecutive years that matched the estimated growth curves. Otolith interpretation was difficult because of a central dense region and the presence of many fine bands within each growth increment, but the latter could be counted, and it is considered that a validated ageing procedure is presented. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters were calculated for east coast South Island (ECSI) and Chatham Rise males and females. In both areas the growth rate of males is slightly but significantly faster than for females. Growth is relatively slow throughout life. From the maximum observed ages for ECSI and Chatham Rise fish of 35 and 59 years, the respective natural mortality rates are estimated to be 0.12 and 0.07 year^?1, but the most plausible value for the species is likely to be at the lower end of this range. Some stock differentiation between the two areas is indicated, based primarily on differences in length-frequency distributions implying different patterns of year class strengths, but also on apparent differences in growth rates between areas. This supports the present management regime of separate commercial catch quotas.     

Potential of local agricultural by-products for the rearing of African catfish Clarias gariepinus in Rwanda: effects on growth, feed utilization and body composition

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of replacing fish meal with local by‐products on Clarias gariepinus growth performance, feed utilization and body composition. A control diet contained 50% of fish meal. In four other diets, fish meal was partially replaced by vegetable and animal protein blend composed of sunflower oil cake, soybean oil cake, groundnut oil cake, bean meal, chicken viscera and blood meal. The study was conducted in a recirculating water system at a mean temperature of 23.6°C. The five test diets were compared with a commercial diet developed for African catfish. All diets were balanced to be equal in gross energy (19 kJ g⁻¹) and crude protein (40%). The experimental groups were fed in triplicate for 8 weeks, increasing fish weight from about 6.2 g at start to 52.3 g in the end. Best specific growth rate (SGR=3.4), feed efficiency (FE=1.3) and protein efficiency ratio (PER=3) were obtained with the control diet (diet 50% fish meal), although there were no significant differences between the group of fish fed the control diet and those fed diets based on groundnut oil cake or bean meal, whereas SGR (2.17), FE (0.85) and PER (1.95) were significantly (P<0.01) lower in fish fed diet containing sunflower oil cake. No significant differences (P<0.05) were found in fish fed commercial diet and diets containing bean meal or groundnut oil cake. Groundnut oil cake or bean meal can thus replace at least 50% of fish meal in the diet of Clarias fingerlings without amino acid supplementation. Because of its economic importance and its potential in animal nutrition sunflower oil cake is still an interesting feed ingredient, but its efficiency should be improved by various processing techniques. African catfish can utilize efficiently a diet with low percentage of animal protein without growth reduction.     

鱼类的葡萄糖感知与糖代谢调节研究进展

为加深对鱼类糖的感知与代谢调控的认识,本文综述了鱼类的葡萄糖感知与摄食调控、糖代谢调控等领域的研究进展。鱼类的下丘脑不仅是中枢葡萄糖感受器所处的主要部位,同时也是食欲调节中枢。leptin、ghrelin、CCK、NPY等内分泌因子均能调控鱼类对糖的感知与摄食。另一方面,鱼类糖代谢受到胰岛素、GLP-1、ghrelin、CCK、NPY、SS等内分泌因子和糖、脂、蛋白质等营养素的双重调节。尽管鱼类对糖的利用能力低于陆生动物,但鱼体内亦存在较完善的糖的感知、摄食与代谢调节机制。因此,将来的重点工作应在于研究鱼类中枢神经系统整合营养和内分泌等信号的机制,研究草食性鱼类、杂食性鱼类在糖耐受力及糖异生调控机制上与肉食性鱼类存在的差异。     

Different utilization of plant sources by the omnivores jundiá catfish (Rhamdia quelen) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Plant sources are receiving special attention as feedstuffs in aquafeeds because of fish meal and oil shortage. However, studies about the effects of dietary fibre in fish are scarce. The inclusion of plant ingredients containing different levels of dietary fibre – broken rice (BR), ground corn (GC), wheat bran (WB), citrus pulp (CP) and soybean hulls (SH) were evaluated for the omnivores jundiá catfish and Nile tilapia. Tilapia is a typical omnivore with long intestines, whereas jundiá has short intestines and no pyloric ceca. Fibrous sources (CP, WB and SH) were less digestible for both species than the starchy ones (BR and GC). However, jundiá presented less ability to utilize the starch and protein from plant sources than tilapia. Growth of tilapia followed plant sources digestibility but no significant differences were detected for jundiá, probably because of its slower growth rate. Muscle layer was thicker in the distal intestine of jundiá fed CP diet, which possibly indicates an adaptation to propel the large volume of viscous digesta along the intestine. Therefore, despite its lower ability to utilize starchy plant sources, jundiá showed an adaptive capacity to utilize fibrous diets, which is in agreement with its omnivorous feeding habit.     

Effects of decreases in photoperiod on growth and bimodality in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L.

Two experiments were performed to study the relative significance of the absolute daylength and the change in photoperiod on the growth and development of bimodality in juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. In Experiment A juveniles were reared on 24 h daily light until they were seven months old (65–82 mm in length after size grading). They were then divided into six groups and subjected to six photoperiods (6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 24 h of light). In Experiment B the decrease in photoperiod was made in two steps. First, the day length was reduced to 18 and 21 hours, three months after first feeding when the weight of the juveniles averaged 2.5 g and one group was kept under 24 hour daily light. Two months later, each of these treatment groups was subdivided to produce new groups of juveniles (65–82 mm in length) under 6, 9 and 12 h of daily light. Irrespective of whether the photoperiods were reduced in one or two steps, groups held under short-day photoperiods, 6–12 h, grew significantly slower (Exp. A) and showed higher proportions of lower modal group fish (Exp. B) than groups treated with long-day photoperiods, greater than 12 h. There were low proportions of lower modal group fish among juveniles larger than 75 mm at the dates of decreases in daylength irrespective of photoperiod (Exp. B, 0–16%), and high or variable proportions among fish smaller than 75 mm, depending on photoperiod (Exp B. 32–71%). It is concluded that the growth response of juvenile Atlantic salmon changes in the range of 12–15 hours of daily light. This mechanism is probably linked to the size of the parr and is one important reason for the development of bimodal length-frequency distributions.     

4种常见淡水养殖鱼类目标强度测定与差异分析

鱼类目标强度(target strength)的测量是渔业声学技术研究和应用的核心内容之一。2015年6―10月,在小型水槽内使用Bio Sonics DT-X(199kHz)科学探鱼仪发射水平声波,测量了4种共29尾不同鳔室结构的淡水养殖鱼类体侧向及背腹向(180°范围)的目标强度,并拍摄X光影像以了解鱼体鳔室结构及特征。其中瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)7尾、鳜鱼(Siniperca chuatsi)9尾、鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)6尾、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)7尾。结果显示,单体鱼目标强度与声波入射角度具有cos三次方函数关系,体侧向与背腹向上最大目标强度均出现于鱼体主轴垂直于入射声波时,最小目标强度出现于头尾方向朝向声波时,与最大目标强度相差10dB。不同种鱼类体侧向平均目标强度略大于背腹向0.5~5dB。单室鳔鱼类目标强度比相近体长的两室鳔鱼类小。对4种鱼类的目标强度与鱼体相关生物学指标进行主成分分析,体侧向与背腹向目标强度主要受体长、鳔长和鳔长/鳔高值的影响较大。通过目标强度与实验鱼全长、体长、体重的线性回归,获得体侧和背腹入射方向目标强度与3个生物学参数的关系式。本研究通过分析不同鳔室形态鱼种的回波特征差异,辅助判别长江内常见鱼类(如瓦氏黄颡鱼、鱖鱼、鲫鱼等)的声学信号,结果对于淡水水域水平原位监测时分析评估资源量相关参数具有参考意义。     

Bioaccumulation of hexachlorocyclohexane,dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and estradiol-17β in catfish and carp during the pre-monsoon season in India

This investigation was performed to monitor hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT, and its metabolites, refered to as DDTs), plasma levels of estradiol-17β (E2), and the gonadosomatic index (GSI) between sampling sites of unpolluted ponds of Gujartal, Jaunpur (control site) and the polluted rivers Gomti (Jaunpur) and Ganga (Varanasi), which affect the reproductive physiology of some edible catfish and carp during the pre-monsoon season. HCHs and DDTs were measured by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and hormones by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The results indicated that the level of HCHs and DDTs was very high in both the catfish and the carp captured from the polluted rivers compared with the fish captured from the control site. The GSI and E2 values were lower in both groups of fish when compared to the fish from the control site. The results also indicate that catfish showed greater bioaccumulation of HCHs and DDTs than carp, above the permissible limit, as compared to the fish from the control site. In conclusion, fish from the Gomti and Ganga rivers were highly polluted when compared with fish from the control site, as was evident from high levels of tissue bioaccumulation of HCHs and DDTs and decreased levels of plasma E2, inhibiting the reproductive physiology of these species at the receptor level. The levels exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRL) as recommended by Codex, hence it is suggested that the fish should be avoided for food purposes.     

Almost total replacement of fish meal by plant protein sources in the diet of a marine teleost, the European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax

Five practical diets in which the supply of protein from fish meal was decreased gradually from 100% to about 2% and replaced by plant protein sources were formulated. European seabass weighing about 190 g were fed these diets for 12 weeks at a water temperature of 22 °C. Feed was dispensed using automatic self-feeders and voluntary feed intake (VFI) was closely monitored. We did not find any significant difference among diets in the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter (80–82%), protein (94–96%), energy (88–92%) or phosphorus (49–58%). Replacement of fish meal by plant protein ingredients did not influence VFI. All groups had very good growth rates (DGI above 1.3%/day) and there were no significant differences in growth rate, feed efficiency or in daily nitrogen gains among groups. There was, however, a slight increase in fat deposition in fish fed diets with plant protein sources. Ammonia nitrogen and soluble phosphorus excretion rates were measured. Nitrogen and phosphorus balance studies indicated that fish meal replacement by plant ingredients led to a slight increase in nitrogen losses (from 83 to 103 g N/kg weight gain) but led to a significant reduction in total phosphorus losses (from 13 to 5 g P/kg weight gain). These results combined with the remarkable acceptability of diets containing high levels of plant protein ingredients with identical growth performances of European seabass show clearly that dietary fish meal levels can be considerably reduced without any adverse consequence in terms of somatic growth or nitrogen utilisation.     

Relationship between fish assemblage and angler catch in the Sulejów Reservoir,central Poland,in the context of a warming climate

The Pilica River has warmed at a rate of 0.06°C per year since 1969, threatening the ecological services provided by the Sulejów Reservoir. Gillnet sampling revealed that the reservoir is inhabited by a cyprinid‐dominated fish assemblage with roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.) (42% of the total biomass), the dominant species. However, the interest of the anglers was primarily focused on common bream, Abramis brama (L.) (almost 65% of the catch), as revealed by the catch statistics (2004–2014). No direct evidence was found that the temperature increase had an influence on the recreational fishery or fish assemblage structure. On the other hand, changes in the fish assemblage that were reflected in angler catch composition were observed. A decrease in the catch of common bream in gillnets was accompanied by a shift in angler choices towards roach and other fish species. The sustainability of recreational fisheries is more likely to be influenced by changes in the economic status of society, water quality (toxic cyanobacteria blooms) and water management practices in Poland. The question arises about which species will dominate in the impoundment in the future if the warming trend continues and common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., stocking is maintained.     

长江朱杨段和沱江富顺段鱼类体内6种邻苯二甲酸酯的含量

于2010年9-11月在长江干流朱杨江段采集到8种鱼类标本,分别为圆筒吻鮈(Rhinogobio cylindricus)、鲫(Cyprinus auratus)、铜鱼(Coreius heterodon)、圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti)、瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、大眼鳜(Siniperca kneri)、鲇(Silurus asotus)。在该江段上游支流沱江富顺江段采集到5种鱼类标本,分别为鲤、鲫、大鳍鱯(Mystus macropterus)、大眼鳜、黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)。各种鱼的样本量为6～12尾。采用快速溶剂萃取及气相色谱法对各标本鱼体内的6种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)含量进行了检测。结果显示,在两个江段的各种鱼类标本体内检测到邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)和邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基)己基酯(DEHP);在所有鱼体样本中均未检出邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DnOP)。在长江干流朱杨江段所采集到的8种鱼中圆筒吻鮈体内邻苯二甲酸酯的总量(∑PAEs)最高,为(1 818.32±190.88)μg/kg。在沱江富顺江段采集到的5种鱼中鲤体内∑PAEs最高,其含量为(790.60±76.04)μg/kg。在长江朱杨段和沱江富顺段两采集地的相同种类有3种,其中鲤和大眼鳜各自体内的∑PAEs之间的差异不显著,但朱杨段鲫体内的∑PAEs含量显著高于富顺段鲫体内的含量。结果表明,长江朱杨段及支流沱江富顺段的鱼体均受到了PAEs的污染,而长江干流朱杨段的污染程度要稍高于其上游支流沱江富顺段。     

三峡消落区鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类的鉴定及分布

三峡库区水位从每年3月的175 m逐步降低至6月的145 m,水位下降时间与库区部分鱼类产卵同步,对鱼类早期资源造成了严重的影响。本研究以距离大坝150 km至330 km范围的消落区为研究区域,通过普查方法收集暴露于水面或残留于浅滩的鱼卵和仔稚鱼,利用DNA条形码技术鉴定其种类,初步分析其鱼类组成和分布。通过对收集的样本进行mt CO I序列比对分析,可将其分为14种序列类型,其中10种类型鉴定到种的水平。鲤(Cyprinus carpio)和鲫(Carassius auratus)占测序样本比例最大,分别为50.0%、24.6%,且分布范围最广。在研究区域内,干流上游样品数量和种类均比下游多,另外,在支流磨刀溪采集了733粒鱼卵和108尾仔稚鱼、鉴定到9种鱼类,是本次研究中样品和种类最多的区域,表明磨刀溪受三峡库区消落影响最严重,间接暗示了该支流鱼类资源丰富,应给予重点保护。本研究旨在为全面评估三峡库区消落对鱼类早期资源的影响奠定基础。     

鲤病毒病原的感染性测定

为查明养殖鲤（Cyprinus carpio）突然大批发病死亡的原因，对鲤病样品进行了细胞攻毒、空斑测定、电镜观察，以及鱼体感染等实验。先以患病鲤的组织匀浆液，经过滤后，分别接种到草鱼鳍条细胞（GCF）、鲤上皮瘤细胞（EPC）等14种培养细胞中。利用倒置显微镜观察显示，在1-2d内，该病鱼组织匀浆液可使其中9种细胞出现典型的细胞病变。收集出现病变的细胞液（即病毒悬液），进一步进行病毒滴度检测、空斑测定和鱼体感染实验。结果显示，在GCF细胞上的病毒滴度为10^7.3TCID50／mL；在FHM，TSB和GCO等细胞中可产生直径1～4mm的圆形空斑，空斑的大小与宿主细胞的种类和接种的病毒浓度有关。通过对感染细胞制备的超薄切片和病毒负染样品进行电镜观察，显示这是一类呈典型子弹头样的弹状病毒颗粒。感染了病毒悬液的鲫和鲤先后在第2天和第3天开始出现病症，间隔1～2d后发病的鱼开始死亡，至第14天，两种感染鱼的死亡率均达到83．3％。收集人工感染后濒死的鲫和鲤，分别制备组织匀浆液，回接感染鱼类培养细胞，24h内能使其出现与原发病鲤组织匀浆液所引起的类似的细胞病变。因此证实患病鲤是由病毒病原感染所致。[中国水产科学，2006，13（4）：617—623]     

Determination of primary structure of amberjack myosin heavy chain and its relationship with structural stability of various fish myosin rods

The structural stability of fish myosin depends upon species and temperatures of water in which fish live. Primary, secondary, and quaternary structures of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) from three species of fish living at different temperature ranges have been compared with those of rabbit MyHC in order to investigate the differences in stability. Primary structure of MyHC, although being accessible for warm-water and cold-water fish (carp and walleye pollack), was not available in previous for tropical-water fish literature; so in this study primary structure of MyHC of the tropical-water fish amberjack has been determined by cloning and sequencing its cDNA. The MyHC has 1938 amino acid residues (AA), which are almost as much as as those of carp and walleye pollack. The amberjack MyHC is 91–95% homologous with other fish and rabbit MyHCs. There is a discernible difference between animal species with stable myosin rod (amberjack, carp, and rabbit) and walleye pollack with unstable rod. Stable rod species have a high probability of forming coiled-coil around the COOH-terminal end of the rod, while the pollack has a low coiled-coil formation probability. In addition, the average scores of the coiled-coil for myosin rod were rabbit (1.738) > amberjack (1.691) > carp (1.680) > walleye pollack (1.674) which correlated exactly with the observed stability. The results suggest that coiled-coil forming ability, particularly around the COOH-terminal end, directs structural stability of fish myosin rod.     

Possible mechanisms underlying fluctuations in the Far Eastern sardine population inferred from time series of two biological traits

A cycle of fluctuation in the Far Eastern sardine, Sardinops sagax, population is accompanied by an abrupt drop and recovery of fish size and lipid content of parent fish, which may reflect a phase variation from coastal to oceanic and its reverse. The cycle begins with the survival success of a smaller number of eggs produced by high-quality parents, which is triggered by a global climate change (density-independent process), and finally ends in the survival failure resulting from an overexpansion of an enormous number of fish produced by low-quality parents (density-dependent process).     

虾虎鱼科(Gobiidae)基因组微卫星DNA的分布特征

为了解虾虎鱼科(Gobiidae)鱼类基因组遗传结构特征,本研究自主开发矛尾复虾虎鱼(Synechogobius hasta)微卫星序列153条,结合从 GenBank 中筛选出的虾虎鱼科微卫星序列535条,合计686条微卫星序列,隶属于19种虾虎鱼,序列总长度为295062 bp,包含473个微卫星位点,微卫星位点累计长度为33370 bp。统计微卫星重复类型,发现在所有微卫星重复类型中以二碱基重复出现次数最多,位点数为361个,占总微卫星的76.32%,其中,重复拷贝类别最多的是 AC (340个),占全部微卫星的71.88%,占二碱基重复微卫星的94.18%,在二碱基重复类型中没有发现 AT 和 GC 两种重复类型。三碱基重复位点数为35个,占总微卫星的7.4%,其中以 ACT 重复拷贝类别最多(12个),占三碱基重复微卫星的34.29%。四碱基重复位点数为68个,其中以 CTAT 重复最多(31个),占总微卫星的14.38%。五碱基重复类型中只有 TCTGG和 ATCTA 两种类型,只占全部微卫星的0.42%。六碱基重复7个,占总微卫星的1.48%,六碱基重复中各重复类型出现次数相当。在所有微卫星重复类型中没有发现单核苷酸重复类型。     

酸化剂对草鱼生长和非特异性免疫能力的影响

为考察不同类型酸化剂对草鱼生长及生理机能的影响,在基础饲料(对照组)中分别添加0.21％磷酸、柠檬酸、乳酸和复合酸,饲养初始体重为(10.33±0.03)g草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)8周.结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,饲料中添加0.21％柠檬酸、乳酸和复合酸均显著提高草鱼的增重率、特定生长...