人工养殖不同年龄史氏鲟的血液学参数

测定了5个年龄组人工养殖史氏鲟的血液学参数，其中红细胞（RBC）、红细胞比积（HCT）、血红蛋白（HGB）、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量（MCH）、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）、白细胞（WBC）等随年龄的增长而上升，WBC、HCT5年龄组与1～4龄各年龄组间有显著和极显著差异（P〈0．05）；HGB、MCH、MCHC相邻组间无显著性差异；平均血红细胞体积（MCV）、血栓细胞（PLT）、血红蛋白含量分布宽度（HDW）等1～4龄变化不大，仅在5龄MCV、PLT有较显著的上升，而HDW有显著的下降；红细胞体积分布宽度（RDW）则保持相对稳定，各年龄组间无显著差异；平均血栓细胞体积（MPV）变化不显著，随年龄增长呈下降趋势。在白细胞分类计数DLC值变化中，白细胞中各类细胞比例依次为淋巴细胞（Lym）〉嗜碱性粒细胞（Baso）〉嗜中性粒细胞（Neut）〉单核细胞（Mon），随着年龄的增长，Lym的含量逐渐下降，而Baso、Neut和Mon均呈上升趋势。     

白缘(鱼央)的血液指标测定与血细胞特点

应用常规血液指标测定方法和血细胞涂片法,测定野生白缘鱼央血液指标并分析血细胞形态。结果表明:野生白缘鱼央RBC=1.18×1012/L、WBC=70.2×109/L、PLT=41.5×109/L、MCH=56.5 pg、MCHC=395.3 g/L、HGB=66.3 g/L。白缘鱼央血细胞在细胞形态上更加趋于圆球形,而且细胞和细胞核均相对其它鱼央属鱼大,红细胞分裂相较多、不规则核较多。红细胞可见5种形态(即普通红细胞、原红细胞、幼红细胞、分裂中的红细胞和有丝分裂的红细胞),白细胞可见6种形态(即单核细胞、淋巴细胞、中性分叶核粒细胞、中性杆状核粒细胞、嗜酸分叶核粒细胞和嗜酸杆状核粒细胞),而血小板只有1种形态。     

低温胁迫对罗非鱼生理生化指标的影响

为研究低温胁迫对尼罗罗非鱼血液生理生化指标的影响,进行了不同温度下尼罗罗非鱼血液生化指标的影响试验。研究发现:⑴在外界环境温度从28℃降至16℃时,罗非鱼血液中的谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、葡萄糖(GLU)含量均有下降或显著下降;但当温度继续降至10℃时,这些指标均显著上升,恢复或超过常温下的水平。⑵血红蛋白浓度(HGB)、平均红细胞血红蛋白量(MCH)和平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)3个指标均明显升高。相对于16℃组,12℃组的红细胞分布宽度变异系数(RDW-CV)显著下降;但相对于28℃组,10℃组RDW-CV的变化不显著。相对于16℃或12℃组,10℃组的平均血小板体积(MPV)和血小板比率(P-LCR)均显著升高,但是10℃组与28℃组间差异均不显著。⑶相关分析结果表明,HGB、MCH、MCHC与胁迫温度显著相关,平均红细胞压积(MCV)与水温呈正相关,其中MCV和MCHC两个指标呈极显著负相关。HGB、MCH、MCHC和MCV可作为低温胁迫的生理指标。     

淡水鲳六项血液指标的测定及血细胞结构的显微观察

本文对淡水鲳六项血液指标进行了测定,结果是红细胞(RBC):179×10~4/mm~3;白细胞(WBC):7.22×10~4/mm3,血红蛋白含量(Hb):6.4g/100ml;红细胞脆性(开始溶×完全溶):0.333Nacl％×0.217Nacl％;红细胞大小(长×短):13.69×10.20um~2;红细胞核大小(长×短):5.51×3.39um~2。白细胞的百分式中以淋巴细胞为主,嗜中性细胞次之,嗜碱性、嗜酸性粒细胞和单核细胞数量极少。此外,还对淡水鲳的血液指标与其它养殖鱼类的血液指标进行了比较,并对其数量、形态、生理功能之间的关系进行了探讨。     

高原型藏羊七项血液生理指标的测定

对果洛州玛沁县50只高原型藏羊74血液生理指标进行了测定。结果表明:高原型藏羊红细胞数(RBC),[(10.67±1.05)×1012/L];白细胞数(WBC),[(8.04±0.58)×109/L];红细胞压积(PCV),(0.35±0.03)L/L;血红蛋白含量(Hb),(128.48±11.99)g/L;红细胞平均体积(MCV),(32.76±4.60)fL;(MCH),(12.14±1.51)pg,(MCHC),(374.06±45.79)g/L。同时,在性别组间各项生理指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

两种麻醉剂对罗非鱼携氧相关血液指标的影响

分别用3个浓度梯度的MS-222和苯唑卡因对尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)(6.050 0±1.710 3)g进行6 h浸泡式麻醉(水温30.7~32.3℃),然后抽取尾部静脉血,测定血液生理生化指标。重点分析了与生物携氧功能密切相关的6个指标的变化,结果显示:(1)较高浓度(25 mg/L、40 mg/L)MS-222导致红细胞数目(Er)升高,而苯唑卡因导致该值大幅下降;(2)两种麻醉剂对红细胞平均血红蛋白含量(MCH)都无显著影响,且MS-222处理后,血液的血红蛋白浓度(Hb)也无明显变化,但经苯唑卡因麻醉处理后,Hb显著下降,且降幅随药物浓度升高而显著增大。     

点带石斑鱼血液指标、血细胞分类与发生的观察

对20尾点带石斑鱼进行了血液指标、血细胞分类和发生的研究。血液指标经测定:红细胞密度为(1.89±0.48)×106个/mm3,白细胞密度为(1.65±0.34)×104个/mm3;血红蛋白含量为(7.11±0.67)g/L;红细胞的渗透脆性为(0.54±0.02)%,红细胞比容为(36.7±0.67)%,红细胞沉降率为(2.50±0.25)mm/h。利用Wright’s-Giemsa混染法对点带石斑鱼外周血液以及肝脏、脾脏、头肾和体肾四种造血组织染色观察发现,在外周血涂片上可区分出红细胞(包括未成熟的红细胞)、血栓细胞、淋巴细胞、嗜中性粒细胞和单核细胞,未发现嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞。其中大淋巴细胞、小淋巴细胞、嗜中性粒细胞和单核细胞在白细胞中所占的比例分别为(23.13±6.99)%、(48.97±7.42)%、(21.03±4.42)%和(6.87±2.27)%。点带石斑鱼的头肾、体肾和脾脏可以产生各种类型的血细胞,是主要的造血器官;肝脏未观察到原红细胞。     

盐度对虹鳟血细胞相关指标的影响

<正>血液是鱼体内一种极其重要的组成成分,因此血液指标被广泛地用来评价鱼类的健康、营养和对环境的适应状况[1]。虹鳟从淡水过渡到海水,即在盐度驯化过程中,其机体血液成分必然会产生相应生理变化,如红细胞和白细胞数目,血红蛋白含量等[2-3]。红细胞脆性是表示红细胞膜对     

泥鳅几项正常血液指标及其与性别的关系

以60尾泥鳅为材料,测定了红细胞数、白细胞总数、血红蛋白值、白细胞分类记数、红细胞脆性与红细胞大小等正常血液指标,并统计了性别对其血液指标的影响。结果如下:红细胞数为(227 28±43 96)×104个 mm3;白细胞数为(2 56±0 86)×104个 mm3;血红蛋白含量为(12 26±1 89)g 100ml;白细胞分类计数中淋巴细胞占(28 67±8 27)%,血栓细胞占(26 46±5 33)%,中性粒细胞占(43 83±8 37)%;而单核细胞、嗜碱性白细胞以及嗜酸性白细胞观测到的数目很少;红细胞最大抵抗强度为(0 31±0 04)g 100ml;红细胞大小(长径×短径)为:(11 50±1 55)μm×(8 66±1 29)μm;红细胞核大小(长径×短径)为:(5 59±1 04)μm×(3 90±0 89)μm。性别对红细胞数量及红细胞核大小均有显著影响,对其它的血液常数指标则无显著影响。     

捕捞活动对台湾泥鳅血液学指标影响的初步研究

血液与机体的代谢、营养状况、疾病及环境等密切相关,因此血液指标被广泛地用来评价鱼类的健康状况、营养状况及对环境的适应状况。捕捞活动会促使鱼体产生非特异性反应,对体长(19.83±3.56)cm、体质量为(57.12±21.56)g的台湾泥鳅进行捕捞实验,分别在捕捞后0和4小时状态下的某些血液指标进行了测定。结果表明:与捕捞后0小时相比,捕捞后4小时,白细胞数量、血红蛋白浓度显著下降,特别是白细胞数量。血小板数量、嗜碱性粒细胞百分比显著上升,尤其是血小板数量。红细胞数量、嗜碱性粒细胞绝对值变化不大。     

Hematology of great sturgeon (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Huso huso</Emphasis> Linnaeus, 1758) juvenile exposed to brackish water environment

The effect of environmental salinity on hematological parameters of great sturgeon Huso huso juveniles was studied. Five-month-old juveniles (mean body weight 28.3 ± 2.1 g) were subjected to 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 ppt salinities. The hematological parameters were assessed after a period of 20 days rearing at these salinities. After transfer from fresh water to brackish water, red blood cells, hematocrit, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin decreased, but mean corpuscular volume increased. Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, white blood cells, monocyte counts, and eosinophil counts showed no significant variations with increase in environmental salinity. An increase was found in lymphocyte counts according to the increase of salinity from 0 to 12 ppt, while the fresh water control group maintained basal levels. Decrease in neutrophil counts was observed in great sturgeon with increase in environmental salinity. These data show significant effect of salinity on the blood parameters of great sturgeon.     

Correlation of hematology and plasma chemistry levels in silver crucian carp Carassius langsdorfii

ABSTRACT: The correlation between hematology and plasma chemistry was examined in natural silver crucian carp Carassius langsdorfii. Three microsatellite DNA markers identified five clonal lines. Blood was obtained from the caudal vessels and analyzed using automatic analysis systems. The correlation between several parameters including erythrocyte count (RBC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), plasma glucose (Glu) and total protein (TP) was assessed by liner regression. Hemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (Hct) as a function of the erythrocyte count, hematocrit as a function of the hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) as a function of the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) as a function of the mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and total protein as a function of triglyceride (TG) were positively correlated for the five clonal lines. Different regression slopes ( b -value) of RBC to Hgb and Hct were found among clonal lines, while no such differences were found among slopes of the remaining regression equation. This phenomenon suggests that the significantly different slopes among parameters, which indicated low genetic influence at the each parameter, clearly detected the genetic influences as the compound effect of these parameters.     

Effect of heparin and EDTA as anticoagulants on hematological values in farmed juvenile of Arapaima gigas

The rapid coagulation of fish blood makes the use of anticoagulants in hematological analysis necessary and means that choosing the most appropriate product is important. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of two different anticoagulants (heparin sodium and K₂EDTA), storage time, and temperature on the hematological values of Arapaima gigas juveniles. Twelve juveniles (905.79 ± 111.2 g and 49 ± 1.74 cm) kept in captivity were used for the tests. Blood was collected from the caudal vein and divided for the analysis of the effects of K₂EDTA 10% and heparin sodium 5000 IU, storage time (0, 5, 10, and 24 h), and temperature (4 and 28 °C). The hematocrit, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and differential leukocyte count were evaluated. The results revealed significant differences in the hematocrit, lymphocytes, and neutrophils when the anticoagulants were compared at 0 h of storage. In the hematocrit, heparin sodium produced variations, while K₂EDTA maintained the values constant at 5 h, the erythrocyte count constant for up to 24 h, with the exception of at 4 °C, while hemoglobin produced variations in all the groups at 5 h. The blood indices MCV, MCHC, and MCH were best preserved, without variations, using K₂EDTA at 28 °C for up to 5 h. In conclusion, K₂EDTA 10% at 28 °C maintained constant hematological values of Arapaima gigas for 5 h, with the exception of hemoglobin, which should be analyzed as soon as possible.

     

Preclinical toxicity and safety evaluation of Althaea officinalis L. extract as naturopathic medicine in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): Hematological and biochemical study

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of marshmallow extract (Althaea officinalis L.) administration on blood cells and biochemical parameters of carp liver. A total of 150 carps (Cyprinus carpio, initial body mass of 37.7 ± 4.4 g) were fed diets containing 0.0 (control diet), 2.5, 5, and 10 g marshmallow extract for 60 days. On days 30 and 60 of the experiment blood samples were collected and hematological parameters and liver enzyme activities—aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)—were measured. No significant difference was found (p > .05) in red blood cells (RBC); hemoglobin concentration (Hb); hematocrit (Htc); mean corpuscular volume (MCV); mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCH); or the percentage of neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils in fish fed with different concentrations of marshmallow extract on days 30 and 60. However, the white blood cell (WBC) count was increased significantly in the fish fed for 60 days with feed supplemented with 5 g marshmallow extract (p < .05). The MCHC was increased signi?cantly in ?sh fed with diets supplemented with 2.5 g marshmallow extract for 60 days (p < .05). Administration of marshmallow extract (5 g) significantly increased (p < 0.05) lymphocytes on days 30 and 60. However, dietary intake of 10 g marshmallow extract had significantly decreased the monocyte percentage after 60 days. A significant increase was observed in AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH levels in livers of fish fed with extract 10 g, which may be attributed to cytotoxicity. However, marshmallow extract 2.5 and 5 g did not have adverse effects on liver enzymes. These results indicate that preclinical dietary supplementations of 2.5 and 5 g marshmallow extract per kg diet have no side effects on common carp.     

Haematological and blood biochemical characteristics of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Glyptosternum maculatum</Emphasis> (Siluriformes: Sisoridae) in Xizang (Tibet)

This study investigated the haematological and blood biochemical characteristics of Glyptosternum maculatum. The haematological and biochemical parameters were measured in 30 adult fish collected from Nyingchi Reach of Yarlung Zangbo River in Tibet. The red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), erythrocyte osmotic fragility (maxEof and minEof), the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mean cell volume (MCV), mean cellular haemoglobin content (MCH), and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were determined. Compared with other Siluriformes fishes, G. maculatum showed similar mean values for Hct, Hb, MCH, and MCHC and had slightly lower RBC and higher MCV. The biochemical parameters were assayed including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, urea, creatinine, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride. The result showed that the value of AST in G. maculatum was obviously higher than that in Rhamdia quelen as well as in Silurus merdionalis.     

Hematological and gill histopathological changes in iridescent shark,Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) exposed to sublethal diazinon and deltamethrin concentrations

The effect of two insecticides, diazinon and deltamethrin, was investigated on hematological parameters and gill morphology in iridescent shark, Pangasius hypophthalmus. Fish were exposed to 0.5 and 1 ppm diazinon as well as 0.015 and 0.020 ppm deltamethrin over a 7-day period. Both insecticides caused leukocytosis, lymphopenia, neutrophilia as well as increases in red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Morphological gill damages were observed in fish exposed to both pesticides. It is suggested that diazinon and deltamethrin changed immune function and induced gill damages which could be the reason of increase in RBC, Ht, Hb and MCV in iridescent shark.     

Protective effect of dietary curcumin in Anabas testudineus (Bloch) with a special note on DNA fragmentation assay on hepatocytes and micronucleus assay on erythrocytes in vivo

The present study was conducted to evaluate the safety of long-term dietary curcumin at doses 0.5 and 1 % in Anabas testudineus employing hematological and cytological techniques. The fish were fed with curcumin-supplemented feed for 6 months. Fine blood smears were prepared and subjected to three different staining techniques. The erythrocyte micronucleus frequency (MN) and the cytometric measurements of erythrocytes were determined. Blood from the control and treated fish was subjected to the assessment of several hematological parameters. Also, DNA fragmentation assay on hepatocytes was conducted. The results showed that hemoglobin content, RBC count and hematocrit increased in the curcumin-fed fish compared to control, whereas WBC count, platelet count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were unaffected. WBC/RBC ratio was lower in the case of curcumin-treated fish. The cytometric measurements revealed no change in the erythrocytes and their nuclei after curcumin treatment. DNA fragmentation assay revealed intact DNA in curcumin-fed group, ruling out the possibility of curcumin-induced DNA damage. The positive control group showed a significant increase in MN frequency compared to negative control and curcumin-fed groups. In fact, the MN frequency decreased in 1 % curcumin-fed group compared to the negative control and 0.5 % curcumin groups. All these indicated a state of well-being of the curcumin-treated fish. Therefore, it is concluded that curcumin could be used as a safe feed ingredient to improve the growth of finfish in aquaculture.     

Alteration of certain blood parameters of freshwater teleost <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mystus vittatus</Emphasis> after chronic exposure to Metasystox and Sevin

Indiscriminate use of pesticides has elevated the risk of contamination of environment and aquatic habitat. Considering the above fact, the present study has been under taken to investigate the alteration of some blood parameters of freshwater teleost Mystus vittatus after chronic exposure to sublethal concentrations of Metasystox (4 ppm.) and Sevin (7 ppm.) individually. The main alterations observed in certain haematological parameters were clotting time (CT), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), haemoglobin percentage (Hb%), red blood corpuscles (RBCs), white blood corpuscles (WBCs), pack cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Alterations in organic constituents of blood, such as glucose, blood urea, total plasma protein and cholesterol, and in inorganic constituents, such as calcium, iron, magnesium, and phosphorus, were also studied. Alteration of enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-pase), fructose-1-6-diphosphatase (F-1-6-dipase), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) were also studied, so that the changes in the blood biochemistry due to the pesticidal stress could be understood. Results indicated that CT, WBCs, MCH, MCHC, glucose, blood urea, cholesterol, magnesium and SGOT were increased, whereas other parameters were found to be decreased in both cases. Possible reasons for the above elevation are discussed in the light of available literature.     

不同盐度和驯养时间中华鲟子二代幼鱼鳃的显微结构变化

采用光学显微镜和组织切片方法,研究了不同盐度和驯养时间中华鲟幼鱼鳃及鳃中泌氯细胞的结构变化特征。试验用鱼为1+龄中华鲟子二代,平均全长50.7 cm,平均体重约441.9 g。试验前在养殖池中暂养1周。试验设2个盐度梯度(10、15)组和1个对照组(淡水)。盐度驯养为将中华鲟子二代从暂养池转入盐度10海水中驯养,分别取驯养1、3、6、9、12、24、48、72、96、120、144、168、192、216、240和264 h的幼鱼各1尾用于试验;将剩下的鱼再转入盐度15海水中驯养,分别取驯养24、48、72 h的幼鱼各1尾用于试验。结果显示,在淡水组中,中华鲟子二代幼鱼鳃丝发达,细胞饱满,鳃小片宽且长。鳃丝上皮的泌氯细胞数量较少,通常靠近鳃小片基部,呈近椭圆状。与淡水组相比,盐度10组的幼鱼鳃丝主干部明显变窄,鳃小片基部区域及鳃小片上泌氯细胞的数量略有增加,胞体变大,且随驯养时间的延长,出现了明显的细胞膜间隙。幼鱼在盐度15组中鳃丝主干明显变窄变短,鳃小片也显著缩短,鳃泌氯细胞数量显著增加,主要分布在鳃小片基部,有明显的分泌腔。中华鲟子二代幼鱼能够快速适应外界水体盐度的变化,这与鳃及鳃上皮中调节渗透压功能细胞的数量和结构变化相适应。     

Efficacy of clove solution on blood sampling and hematological study in Beluga, Huso huso (L.)

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of clove solution on anesthesia and hematological parameters in Beluga, Huso huso (L.). In the experiment 1, fish were exposed to concentrations of 300, 500, 700, 1,800 and 3,000 ppm clove solution and induction (stage 3 and 4) as well as recovery period lengths were recorded. These concentrations were led to induction and recovery time between 42–365 and 125–235 s, respectively, in dose-dependent manner. There was negative correlation between induction and recovery time (R ² = 0.92). In the experiment 2, fish were exposed to each aforementioned concentrations and let to reach stage 4 anesthesia and then blood-sampled. Control group was sampled without anesthesia. Hematological studies between groups showed no significant changes in white blood cell (WBC) and differential leukocyte count (P > 0.05). Hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration levels were significantly high in concentrations of 300–700 ppm compared to control, 1,800 and 3,000 ppm. Control and 500–3,000 ppm groups have similar mean corpuscular volume values and significantly higher than 300 ppm. Lower values of mean corpuscular hemoglobin were related to control, 3,000 and 1,800 ppm and higher values were observed in the others. Strong positive correlation were observed between induction periods and Hct, Hb and RBC levels (R ² = 0.095, 0.99 and 0.92, respectively). Results suggested that anesthesia with low concentrations of clove solution over a long period is stressful compared to high concentrations over short period.