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1.
为探讨东北松嫩平原碳酸盐类水养殖南美白对虾的可能性,野外条件下利用养鱼的天然泡沼水进行了试养.结果表明,淡化幼虾在盐度0.036%~0.099%的天然碳酸盐类淡水环境可生存48h,在盐度0.1%~0.35%的碳酸盐类半咸水环境的生存时间不超过24h.淡化幼虾在天然碳酸盐类水环境生存的障碍因子,可能是K^+、Na^+、Ca^2+、Mg^2+(尤其是K^+)的浓度较低;Na^+/K^+值、Ca^2+/Mg^2+值偏高或偏低;CO3^2-、HCO3^-浓度及碱度、pH、离子系数较高.认为通过适应性驯化,提高幼虾对综合水环境因子的适应能力,是内陆碳酸盐类水养殖南美白对虾的根本途径.  相似文献   

2.
根据氯化物型盐碱地水质的特点,采用天然海水配置不同盐度的咸水,研究盐度对克氏螯虾幼虾的急性毒性作用,通过试验,克氏螯虾幼虾24、48、72、96h盐度半致死浓度(Lc50)分别为30.37、26.76、25.19和23.93,安全浓度为6.23。试验结果表明,克氏螯虾幼虾对盐度具有较高的耐受性。  相似文献   

3.
盐度对克氏原螯虾幼虾耗氧率和排氨率的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
研究了不同盐度对克氏原螯虾幼虾耗氧率和排氨率的影响.试验用虾体长(3.13±0.30) cm,体质量(1.82±0.21) g.25 ℃条件下,试验设置盐度0、2、4、6、8、10、12七个梯度.结果表明,试验范围内,盐度为2时,克氏原螯虾幼虾的耗氧率与排氨率最低,表明幼虾对盐度调节的等渗点约为2.随着盐度升高,幼虾的耗氧率和排氨率上升,Tukey HSD test发现,对照组、2、4、6盐度组的耗氧率、排氨率差异不明显.盐度超过0~6时,幼虾的耗氧率、排氨率影响与对照组相比差异显著.  相似文献   

4.
南美白对虾淡化养殖水质研究   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
为南美白对虾淡化养殖设计了三个不同水质条件或管理模式的试验池 ,①为围垦低盐度水体 ,常年保持盐度在S=3~ 4 ,养殖为全封闭式 ,全程使用神克隆菌微生物制剂 ;②、③为纯淡水水体 ,采用半封闭式养殖 ,前期调节盐度至S =1,以后逐步淡化 ,其中②为灵桥 1# ,在养殖过程中长期在饲料外添加Vc ;③为灵桥 2 # 池 ,采用常规淡化养殖 ,每半月泼洒一次生石灰。结果显示 :试验①、②池取得单产在 5 2 5 0~ 90 0 0kg/hm2 ,且水质类型基本属海水型ClNaⅢ ,R值维持在 0 12~ 1 7之间 ,灵桥 1# 池后期离子总量在 4 0 4 3mg/L ,南美白对虾生长正常。围垦采用微生物制剂 ,成活率达到 6 6 % ,产量也最高。但试验③灵桥 2 # 池软壳虾较多 ,成活率低 ,分析与水体R值偏低、水质不稳定及N、P含量高有关。  相似文献   

5.
通过对体长2.40-3.50cm、平均体长2.94cm;体重0.47—0.97g、平均体重0.71g的星点蓝子鱼的淡化试验。结果表明:水温32.0℃条件下、将鱼苗从27.4的高盐度环境中直接移入6.9的低盐度环境,72小时后的存活率100%;直接移入3.2的低盐度环境,72小时后的存活率83.3%;直接移入淡水环境,3—4h内鱼苗全部死亡;采用20%日换水量的盐度递降方式在220h内将鱼苗培育水盐度由6.9淡化至淡水的存活率63.3%;用流水淡化方式在144h内将鱼苗培育水盐度由6.9降至淡水的存活率66.7%。影响篮子鱼鱼苗淡化驯养存活率的关键在于盐度6.9-淡水的淡化速度。一般从盐度27.28淡化至淡水所需时间在10.12d,存活率可达60%左右。  相似文献   

6.
为探讨东北松嫩平原碳酸盐型盐碱水域移植南美白对虾的可行性,以天然盐碱泡水为实验用水,采用急性毒性实验法,研究了淡化幼虾对碱度的适应能力:结果表明,在水温(23.44-1.3)℃、pH8.03~8.37、盐度3.63~4.60的条件下,碱度对淡化幼虾毒性作用的24,48和96hLC,。分别为12.92,11.16和10.67mmol/L,SC为2.50mmol/L:认为南美白对虾淡化幼虾对碱度的适应能力不如鲢、鳙、草鱼等淡水鱼类,可以养殖鲢、鳙的盐碱水域不一定也适宜幼虾生存,而且碱度并不是唯一的限制因子。  相似文献   

7.
1998年我们在泰兴市水产良种场选择了一口2亩池塘进行斑点叉尾地与中华鳖混养试验,取得了良好的效益。现将情况总结如下。1池塘条件:该塘编号为七号,正常水位1.2m-1.5m,南北向,水面积1334m2,四周用50cm(宽)×70cm(高)×5cm(厚)预制板作围栏设施,过排水分开,水源为直通长江的护场河水,池塘配1台2.2kw增氧机,邻塘六号为同面积同密度、同规格主养的鱼对照塘。2试验材料:1.苗种:(1)斑点叉尾的鱼种为该场1997年5月直接从美国引进的德克萨斯系列兰叉尾鲴卵黄苗培养而成;(2)中华鳖苗种为该场自育幼鳖。2.饲料:(1)…  相似文献   

8.
水质与中国对虾幼虾耗氧量和排泄物的关系中国对虾幼虾(0.76±0.05g)耗氧量随环境中氨氮(0~10mg/L范围内)的增加而增加,随盐度(10~30范围内)和pH(7.0~8.5范围内)的上升而下降。尿素氮和亚硝酸氮排泄作用随盐度、pH和环境中氨氮...  相似文献   

9.
以盐碱化湖泊和池塘水进行凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannam eiBoone,1931)幼虾生长试验,探讨碱水环境对虾体重生长速度与Ca2+、Mg2+、Ca2++Mg2+质量浓度及(1/2Ca2+)/(1/2 Mg2+)的关系,为碱水水域养殖提供科学依据。结果表明,在碱度为10.32-38.50 mmol/L、盐度1.02-3.34 g/L、pH 8.5-9.5的水环境中,体长为10-20 mm的幼虾饲养27 d的体重生长速度为(0.95±0.18)mg/d,存活率(47.5±14.5)%。不同水环境存活率差异显著(P〈0.01),体重生长速度差别不明显(P〉0.05)。体重生长速度与环境因子间的相关性不明显。通过驯化提高幼虾对水环境的综合适应能力,是碱水水域养殖对虾的重要途径。  相似文献   

10.
碳酸盐类盐碱水驯化南美白对虾的试验   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以淡化虾塘水添加天然盐碱水为试验用水驯化南美白对虾幼虾,探讨东北地区碳酸盐类盐碱水养殖对虾的技术。结果表明,每隔36、24、12 h各提高1次碱度2 mmol/L,经过12 d,幼虾从碱度3.17 mmol/L分别驯化至17.25、25.33、38.78 mmol/L的存活率为37%、44%及24%。通过驯化提高了幼虾对盐碱水环境一系列生态因子的综合适应能力,其生存环境由海水类型逐渐适应于内陆碳酸盐类盐碱水,是东北地区碳酸盐类盐碱水养殖对虾的有效措施。  相似文献   

11.
12.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

13.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

16.
17.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

18.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

19.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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