紫霞湖浮游甲壳动物昼夜垂直迁移及其影响因子分析

2010年9月19 ～21日,对江苏南京紫霞湖(水深8.5 m)浮游甲壳动物昼夜垂直迁移行为进行了调查,分析了影响昼夜垂直迁移的因素.结果表明,奥氏秀体溞(Diaphanosoma orghidani)、象鼻溞(Bosminasp.)、颈沟基合溞(Bosminopsis deitersi)、台湾温剑水蚤(Thermocyclops taihokuensis)和中华原镖水蚤(Eodiapotomus sinensis)成体均表现出昼夜迁移现象,中华原镖水蚤幼体和无节幼体无明显昼夜迁移.紫霞湖的温度、溶解氧和叶绿素a浓度的垂直变化不是导致浮游甲壳动物昼夜垂直迁移的主导因子,光照强度和鱼类捕食可能是影响浮游甲壳动物昼夜垂直迁移的主要因素.     

紫霞湖浮游甲壳动物昼夜垂直迁移及其影响因子分析

2010年9月19～21日,对江苏南京紫霞湖（水深8.5m）浮游甲壳动物昼夜垂直迁移行为进行了调查,分析了影响昼夜垂直迁移的因素。结果表明,奥氏秀体溞（Diaphanosoma orghidani）、象鼻溞（Bosmina sp.）、颈沟基合溞（Bosminopsis deitersi）、台湾温剑水蚤（Thermocyclops taihokuensis）和中华原镖水蚤（Eodiapotomus sinensis）成体均表现出昼夜迁移现象,中华原镖水蚤幼体和无节幼体无明显昼夜迁移。紫霞湖的温度、溶解氧和叶     

尤溪街面水库浮游甲壳动物的初步研究

2008年8月对尤溪街面水库的浮游甲壳动物进行了调查,共采集到浮游甲壳动物8科13属16种,其中枝角类5科7属8种,桡足类3科6属8种。枝角类优势种为突额湖仙达溞和长肢秀体溞,桡足类优势种为广布中剑水蚤。浮游甲壳动物平均密度为43.58ind/L,平均生物量为477.43μg/L。浮游甲壳动物种数由蓄水前的8种增加到16种,广布中剑水蚤和透明温剑水蚤在蓄水后仍然存在。     

曝气联合投加菌藻对白洋淀沟壕浮游甲壳动物的影响

为了解曝气联合投加菌藻对湖泊水体的生态效应,于2019年7月24日-10月16日,在白洋淀沟壕中开展了曝气联合投加菌藻的水体生态修复试验,对比分析了修复水体和未修复水体的理化指标及浮游甲壳动物群落结构。结果显示:试验期内,曝气联合投加菌藻修复技术对水体总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)浓度的影响并不明显,但能显著降低水体亚硝态氮(NO~-_2-N)浓度,同时明显减少了上下水层的溶解氧差异,对打破水体上下分层具有明显效果;进行生态修复的水体中,浮游甲壳动物优势种逐渐由枝角类的短尾秀体溞(Diaphanosoma brachyurum)、长肢秀体溞(Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum)向桡足类的温剑水蚤(Thermocyclops sp.)、桡足幼体(Copepodid)和无节幼体(Copepod nauplii)转变,浮游甲壳动物种类组成趋于小型化;生态修复区内浮游甲壳动物生物量和密度有明显降低的趋势。综合结果来看,曝气联合投加菌藻修复技术能显著降低湖泊水体的亚硝态氮浓度,打破水体上下分层状态,同时使浮游甲壳动物生物量和密度明显降低,使其物种趋于小型化。     

农田生态拦截沟中浮游甲壳动物群落结构研究

2012年5-10月,对安徽省巢湖市炯炀镇西宋村示范基地农田生态拦截沟中的浮游甲壳动物群落结构进行了研究,共检测到浮游甲壳动物21属、27种,其中枝角类11属、13种,桡足类10属、14种.结果显示,生态拦截沟能有效降低水体中的氮磷营养盐浓度,浮游甲壳动物的优势种类也由拦截前的台湾温剑水蚤(Thermocyclops taihokuensis)和中华窄腹水蚤(Limnoithona sinensis)转变为拦截后的角突网纹溞(Ceriodaphni cornuta)、隆线溞(Daphniacarinata)和台湾温剑水蚤,生物量由拦截前的44.90 μg/L上升到拦截后的912.50 μg/L;此外,浮游甲壳动物平均体长与水体中总溶解磷对数(lgTSP)和氮磷比(TN/TP)存在显著的相关关系(P＜0.05),而浮游甲壳动物生物多样性指数(Simpson)在水生植物生物量最高的生态拦截沟中段最高.研究表明,农田生态拦截沟中的水生植被具有拦截农业氮磷营养盐面源污染和庇护浮游甲壳动物的能力.浮游甲壳动物可以通过吸收和储藏水体中的磷造成水体中生物有效利用磷含量的下降和氮磷比的上升,进而影响藻类生物量并净化水质.     

淮南采煤塌陷湖泊浮游甲壳动物群落结构特征及其影响因素

分析采煤塌陷水体浮游甲壳动物群落变化特征及影响因素,为水体水生态系统管理、生态修复提供科学依据。在淮南潘谢矿区选择潘集和谢桥2个采煤塌陷湖泊,于2016年逐月采集浮游甲壳动物并同步采集水样分析水质。2个湖泊共观察到浮游甲壳动物10属16种,潘集8属13种、谢桥9属12种,其中象鼻溞属、秀体溞属、中剑水蚤属、温剑水蚤属在这2个湖泊中出现频率均较高并成为主要优势种。潘集、谢桥浮游甲壳动物年均密度分别是5.5、4.9个/L,其丰度在生长季(春、夏、秋)较高。潘集和谢桥TN浓度分别为2.0、1.9 mg/L,TP浓度分别为0.08、0.07 mg/L,总体上位于IV~V类水质;叶绿素浓度分别为16.8、14.9 mg/m3。高密度渔业活动可能是导致浮游甲壳动物丰度远低于一般的富营养化湖泊水体的重要原因,浮游植物群落结构可能是导致2个湖泊浮游甲壳动物群落结构差异的主要因素之一。     

沙颍河阜阳段浮游甲壳动物的群落结构与季节变化

从2011年4月至2012年1月,分季节在3个采样点对沙颍河阜阳段的浮游甲壳动物进行了调查。结果表明,沙颍河阜阳段共记录浮游甲壳动物20种,其中枝角类11种,桡足类9种;枝角类中各季节均为优势种的有蚤状溞(Daphnia pulex)和大型溞(D.magna);桡足类中各季节均为优势种的有近邻剑水蚤(Cyclops vicinus)和广布中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops leuckarti);浮游甲壳动物密度在春季(4月)最高,冬季(1月)最低。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在1.30~2.13,初步评价表明沙颍河阜阳段水质处于轻度-中度污染状态。     

三道河水库浮游甲壳动物群落结构特征的初步研究

研究了湖北省三道河水库2007年8月至2008年4月浮游甲壳动物的群落结构及现存量的时空变化。三道河水库6个采样点(Ⅰ～Ⅵ)共鉴定出浮游甲壳动物8科、13属、21种,其中枝角类5科、9属、14种,优势种为简弧象鼻溞(Bosmina coregoni)、短尾秀体溞(Diaphanosoma brachyurum)和透明溞(Daphnia hyalin);桡足类3科、4属、7种,优势种为广布中剑水蚤(Microcyclops leuckarti)和汤匙华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus dorrii)。浮游甲壳动物年平均密度为92.6个/L,枝角类和桡足类分别为36.9个/L和55.7个/L;平均生物量为1.126mg/L,枝角类和桡足类分别为0.737mg/L和0.389mg/L。浮游甲壳动物现存量的季节变化明显,密度和生物量由高到低依次为秋季>夏季>冬季>春季。浮游甲壳动物密度的水平分布差异明显,采样点的密度和生物量由高到低为Ⅱ>Ⅵ>Ⅲ>Ⅰ>Ⅳ>Ⅴ。     

无锡亲水河生态修复过程中浮游甲壳动物群落结构研究

为了研究生态修复过程中水环境因子与浮游甲壳动物群落结构之间的关系、水质改变对浮游甲壳动物群落结构的影响及其生态学意义,采用前置库技术及生物绳与湿地植物联合修复技术对无锡市亲水河进行生态修复,对2014年6-12月生态修复期间的浮游甲壳动物群落结构进行了研究。共检测出浮游甲壳动物24种,其中枝角类10属、11种,桡足类11属、13种,主要优势种类为角突网纹溞(Creiodaphnia cornuta)、简弧象鼻溞(Bosmina coregoni)、中华窄腹剑水蚤(Limnoithona sinensis)、爪哇小剑水蚤(Microcylops javanus)和广布中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops leuckarti)。亲水河生态示范区内浮游甲壳动物的最大密度和生物量(1005.00个/L、8617.1μg/L)均出现在8月,最小值(1.80个/L、11.4μg/L)出现在11月和12月。生态修复后,亲水河中浮游甲壳动物生物量由前置库区的892.6μg/L上升到生态修复区的1018.5μg/L。Pearson相关分析发现,温度(r=0.530,P0.01)、营养盐[磷(r=0.365,P0.01)与氮磷比(r=-0.477,P0.01)]和叶绿素a(r=0.450,P0.01)含量对浮游甲壳动物总丰度有显著影响。生态修复工程实施期间,亲水河不同修复阶段的浮游甲壳动物的丰度差异较大,并且表现为生态修复区密度和生物量显著高于前置库区。相关分析发现,浮游甲壳动物密度与水体中总磷和叶绿素含量、温度以及氮磷比等显著相关,其它环境因子的影响不显著。研究表明,亲水河前置库、生物绳与湿地植物联合生态修复技术能够有效消减河流中营养物质含量,提升浮游甲壳动物的密度和生物量,值得在类似河流生态修复工程推广应用。     

无锡亲水河生态修复过程中的浮游甲壳动物群落结构研究

采用前置库技术及生物绳与湿地植物联合修复技术对无锡市亲水河进行生态修复。为了研究生态修复过程中水环境因子与浮游甲壳动物群落结构之间的关系、水质改变对浮游甲壳动物群落结构的影响及其生态学意义,对2014年6-12月生态修复期间的浮游甲壳动物群落结构进行了研究。共检测出浮游甲壳动物24种,其中枝角类10属、11种,桡足类11属、13种,主要优势种类为角突网纹溞(Creiodaphnia cornuta)、简弧象鼻溞(Bosmina coregoni)、中华窄腹剑水蚤(Limnoithona sinensis)、爪哇小剑水蚤(Microcylops javanus)和广布中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops leuckarti)。亲水河生态示范区内浮游甲壳动物的最大密度和生物量(1005.00个/L、8617.1 μg/L)均出现在8月份,最小值(1.80个/L、11.4μg/L)出现在11月和12月。生态修复后,亲水河中浮游甲壳动物生物量由前置库区的892.6 μg/L上升到生态修复区的1018.5 μg/L。Pearson相关分析发现,温度（r=0.530,P<0.01）、营养盐[磷（r=0.365,P<0.01）与氮磷比（r=-0.477,P<0.01）]和叶绿素a（r=0.450,P<0.01）含量等对浮游甲壳动物总丰度有显著影响。生态修复工程实施期间,亲水河不同修复阶段的浮游甲壳动物的丰度差异较大,并且表现为生态修复区密度和生物量显著高于前置库区。相关分析发现,浮游甲壳动物的密度与水体中总磷和叶绿素含量、温度以及氮磷比等显著相关,其它环境因子的影响不显著。研究表明,亲水河前置库、生物绳与湿地植物联合生态修复技术能够有效消减河流中营养物质含量,提升浮游甲壳动物的密度和生物量,值得在类似河流生态修复工程推广应用。     

Spatial and temporal patterns of vertical distribution for three planktivorous fishes in Lake Washington

Abstract – We sampled three limnetic fish species: juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), three‐spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and longfin smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys) in Lake Washington to quantify species‐specific patterns of diel vertical migration (DVM). Catch‐per‐unit‐effort data analysed from 15 years of midwater trawling documented seasonal and diel differences in vertical distributions for each species. These results were consistent with the hypothesis that the patterns of DVM in Lake Washington were affected by life history, size and morphology. Sockeye salmon showed clear DVM in spring but essentially no DVM in fall, remaining in deep water, whereas three‐spine sticklebacks were prevalent at the surface at night in both seasons. In fall, distribution patterns may be explained by differences in thermal performance (e.g., sticklebacks favouring warm water), but the patterns were also consistent with inter‐specific differences in predation risk. Younger sockeye salmon and longfin smelt were present in greater proportions higher in the water column during dusk and night periods than older conspecifics. Compared with sockeye salmon, the greater use by three‐spine sticklebacks of surface waters throughout the diel cycle during weak thermal stratification in spring was consistent with the hypothesis that sticklebacks’ armour reduces predation risk, but use of this warmer, metabolically beneficial stratum may also have promoted growth. This study illustrates variation in the vertical distribution of three sympatric planktivores and offers broader implications for the DVM phenomenon and applied lake ecology.     

Vertical distribution and migration of fish larvae in the NW Iberian upwelling system during the winter mixing period: implications for cross‐shelf distribution

The vertical distribution and vertical migrations of fish larvae and implications for their cross‐shelf distribution were investigated in the northern limit of the NE Atlantic upwelling region during the late winter mixing period of 2012. The average positive values of the upwelling index for February and March of this year were far from normal, although the average hydrographic conditions during the period of study were of downwelling and the water column was completely mixed. Fish larvae, most in the preflexion stage, were concentrated in the upper layers of the water column and their distribution was depth stratified, both day and night. However, the larval fish community was not structured in the vertical plane and fish larvae did not show significant diel vertical migration (DVM), although five species showed ontogenetic vertical migration. In regions of coastal upwelling and in the absence of DVM, the location of fish larvae in the water column is crucial for their cross‐shelf distribution. Thus, the cross‐shelf distribution of the six most abundant species collected in this study can be explained by the surface onshore flow associated with coastal downwelling, retaining larvae of the coastal spawning species with a relatively shallow distribution in the shelf region and transporting larvae of slope spawning species onto the shelf. The wide vertical distribution shown by larvae of the offshore spawning species could be an adaptation of these species to ensure that some larvae reach the inshore nursery areas.     

南昌月亮湖夏季浮游动物昼夜垂直分布及迁移特征

2013年8月1日19∶00至2日18∶00,通过间隔1 h的定量采样,研究南昌市典型城市湖泊月亮湖中浮游动物(轮虫、枝角类和桡足类)的昼夜垂直分布规律。结果表明,月亮湖共发现浮游动物20种,其中轮虫16种,枝角类1种,桡足类3种;剪形臂尾轮虫(Brachionus forficula)、桡足类无节幼体(Copepoda Nauplii)和迈氏三肢轮虫(Filinia maior)为优势物种,分别占总捕获数量的48.27%、15.75%和11.11%。浮游动物主要类群和优势物种的Morisita指数均大于1,说明月亮湖中的浮游动物群落呈聚集分布。密度垂直分布和平均滞留深度分析结果显示,浮游动物垂直分布昼夜差异明显,夜间(19∶00-05∶00),浮游动物先聚集于月亮湖中层,01∶00后逐渐迁移到表层;白天(06∶00-18∶00),浮游动物逐渐从表层向中层和底层迁移;主要类群中轮虫、枝角类和桡足类的迁移均表现为夜间上升、白天下降、傍晚再上升,轮虫和桡足类的迁移幅度小于枝角类。优势种剪形臂尾轮虫和无节幼体的昼夜垂直迁移表现为夜升昼降,至傍晚再上升;迈氏三肢轮虫昼夜垂直分布差异显著(P0.05),但昼夜垂直迁移活动不明显。相关分析表明,水温、p H值和溶解氧对月亮湖浮游动物的垂直分布和迁移活动有显著影响。     

Variation in DVM behaviour of juvenile and adult pearlside (Maurolicus muelleri) linked to feeding strategies and related predation risk

In the Norwegian fjord Masfjorden, different developmental stages of the mesopelagic planktivore Maurolicus muelleri form vertically separate sound scattering layers (SSLs) and in late autumn display different diel vertical migration (DVM) behaviour. Post‐larvae and juvenile fish perform normal crepuscular DVM, whereas the large majority of adults remain at depth throughout the diel period. In this study we examined the stomach contents of juvenile and adult fish caught at different times and depths during a 24‐h period in autumn. The different DVM behaviour of these two SSLs in addition to a shallow layer believed to be composed of post‐larvae is explained with a model for visual foraging in aquatic environments that uses gradients in vertical light intensity and copepod density and size as input variables. Field data revealed that vertically migrating juveniles distributed at a higher ambient light intensity and on average consumed 25 times more copepods than non‐migrating adult fish. The model showed that juveniles experienced a 15 times higher prey encounter rate and a higher level of predation risk than non‐migrating adults, and that the energetic benefits for post larvae and juveniles from prolonged feeding in a nearly constant and brighter environment outweigh the associated predation risk. The model also suggests that the visual detection range of piscivore predators is relatively more limited by the turbid surface water than that of their prey, which provide the post‐larva and juvenile life‐stages of M. muelleri a window of reduced visual predation near the surface.     

Continuous Plankton Recorder data and diel vertical migration in stage V and VI Calanus finmarchicus: a statistical analysis

Generalized linear models were used to assess the influence of diel vertical migration (DVM) on Continuous Plankton Recorder data for adult (stages V and VI) Calanus finmarchicus . To simplify interpretation, the data were first divided into individual months and modelled using a Generalized Linear Model incorporating factors for long-term trend and daylight. The fitted models reveal that, at certain times of the year and particularly during the spring and autumn, the chances of catching a stage V or VI C. finmarchicus at 7 m depth are greater in darkness than during daylight. The magnitude of DVM was shown to be generally statistically independent of long-term trend, which is a conclusion that fails to support other published results produced from the same data.     

Relationship between light and diel vertical migration of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Diaphus theta</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Euphausia pacifica</Emphasis> off eastern Hokkaido

Underwater irradiance in sound-scattering layers (SSLs) during diel vertical migration (DVM) of marine organisms was investigated by a drifting vessel at locations in the western North Pacific during the period August 24–27, 2008. The inhabitants of the layers were identified via sampling as Diaphus theta, a type of myctophid fish, and Euphausia pacifica, a species of zooplankton. Underwater irradiance was estimated by the Beer–Lambert law using irradiance measurements on the deck and the diffuse attenuation coefficients obtained in the water. During DVM, the mean irradiances at 490 nm at the lower and upper boundaries of the SSL composed of E. pacifica were ?54.0 and ?45.3 dB, respectively. In contrast, the values for the boundaries of the D. theta SSL were ?82.5 and ?59.3 dB, respectively. It was possible to distinguish between D. theta and E. pacifica based on these ranges and the differences between the mean volume-backscattering strength (ΔMVBS) at 120 and 38 kHz. It was also possible to distinguish between D. theta/E. pacifica and other causes of scattering more clearly using these two parameters together than when using the ΔMVBS parameters separately. Our results suggest that underwater irradiance is an important parameter for discriminating among organisms in DVM.     

Individual variability of diel vertical migrations in European vendace (Coregonus albula) explored by stationary vertical hydroacoustics

Abstract –  Diel vertical migration (DVM) is a widespread behavioural pattern in populations of aquatic animals. Its adaptive value is explained by a trade-off between the protection against visually feeding predators in the dark hypolimnion during daytime, and a higher food uptake in the upper food-rich layers during the night. Whereas vertical migration patterns of entire populations have been frequently described, less is known with respect to individual variability of DVM within fish populations. Here, individual migration patterns of European vendace ( Coregonus albula ) are described, obtained by stationary vertical hydroacoustics in Lake Stechlin (Germany) during the dusk and dawn phases of 2 months in 2004. The variability of speeds of depth change was high, with only a few fish rising or falling faster than 1 cm s⁻¹. Swimming activity was not dependent on fish size. There was some evidence that variability of echo strengths was highest in those fish which showed the greatest three-dimensional swimming distances which might indicate a limited swimbladder compensation during vertical migrations. However, migration seems to be performed mainly in a saltatory mode with vertical swimming always interrupted by phases of constant depth. It is suggested that these phases are used for pressure compensation by fish with the consequence that overall the frequency distribution of target strengths deviates only slightly between the start and the end of the recordings. Stationary hydroacoustics proved to be a useful tool for studying individual fish swimming behaviour.     

Polar light regime and piscivory govern diel vertical migrations of planktivorous fish and zooplankton in a subarctic lake

Abstract –  Seasonal variation in light intensity has strong impacts on invertebrate and vertebrate habitat selection creating trade-offs between foraging gain and risk of death. Diel vertical migration (DVM) has received a particularly interest, but multitrophic level studies in lakes under polar light regime have not been conducted. Here, we examined habitat selection of pelagic zooplankton, planktivores and piscivores in subarctic Lake Muddusjärvi with polymorphic whitefish ( Coregonus lavaretus (L.)). Seasonal change in light was hypothesized to be the most important abiotic factor inducing DVM, whereas predation was considered as an ultimate biotic factor. During period of mid-night sun in June, no DVM was observed at any trophic level, whereas during normal day and night light in September planktivores and zooplankton migrated. DVM was top-down controlled, where piscivorous brown trout ( Salmo trutta L.) used pelagic habitat continuously inducing DVM of its main prey, pelagic whitefish morph, which cascaded to reverse DVM of zooplankton. Top-down control of lower trophic level DVMs by piscivores might be more general pattern in lakes than previously considered.     

采用声学方法研究2016年秋季布兰斯菲尔德海峡南极磷虾群昼夜垂直移动特征及其影响因素

近年来,南极磷虾渔业过于集中于布兰斯菲尔德海峡,这也使得该海区磷虾资源状况及其生态学特征日益受到关注。南极磷虾群具有较为明显的昼夜垂直移动特征,开展此方面的研究可为探索其渔场形成机制提供基础数据,并为磷虾渔业反馈式管理提供参考。基于磷虾渔船上Simrad EK80记录的相关声学数据,使用Echoview软件判别声学数据中的磷虾群体,对2016年秋季布兰斯菲尔德海峡南极磷虾群昼夜垂直移动特征进行分析,并进一步分析影响磷虾群昼夜垂直移动的因素。结果显示,3月和4月磷虾群深度基本维持在250 m以浅,虾群最大深度出现在日升时分的频次最高（22.9%）,而最浅深度出现在夜间时分的频次最高（36.0%）,同时在日升时分,虾群厚度达到最大值;白天磷虾群多集中在较深水层,夜间会上浮到较浅水层。随着月份的推移,磷虾群平均深度总体呈现加深的趋势。光强和海底深度是影响磷虾群深度变化的2个主要因素。