国内外设施渔业发展概况

设施渔业，是指将工程技术、机械设备、监控仪表等现代工业技术用于渔业生产，实现高密度、高产值、高效益的标准化养殖模式。设施渔业也是工厂化养鱼，就是集约化养鱼的一种型式。它节水、省地、不受环境和气候影响能常年连续生产，高产、高质、高效和不污染环境。具体体现了水产养殖发展走技术替代资源的新型生产方式。     

工厂化循环水养殖实践与思考

鱼类高密度养殖模式大致可以分为池塘高密度精养、流水养鱼、网箱养鱼、生态养鱼、工厂化循环水养鱼等几种。其中池塘高密度精养经济效益一般，养殖占地面积较大。流水养鱼受自然地理因素限制。网箱养鱼受到自然气候条件束缚较大。     

单池循环净化养殖系统设计及示例

节水渔业的节水方式主要有工厂化循环水养殖系统、池塘"微生态"等,而工厂化养鱼的循环方式有五种类型:高位水池生物滤池型、每个水池一个水处理单元型、水处理车间型、室外大池水处理与综合利用型、每排水池一套水处理系统型。"每个水池一个     

臭氧在工厂化养鱼水循环系统中的应用

在当今水资源十分匮乏的条件下,工厂化养鱼作为一种新兴产业得到了迅速的发展。工厂化养鱼是在全封闭水循环条件下的高密度养鱼系统,在这样一个系统中能否改善和净化养殖水质,则是工厂化养鱼系统能否正常运行的一个十分重要的问题。我们在工厂化养鱼系统中加入了臭氧水处理环节,对水体进行强化处理,鱼体生长正常,并可预防病害,提高成活率。1系统原理与结构1.1臭氧特性与水质净化原理犤1犦臭氧(O3)以其特有的气味而得名,它是氧气(O2)的同素异构体。臭氧在常温下是略带青色的气体。它的化学性质表现为氧化能力很强,其氧化还原电位仅次于氟,见…     

工厂化养鱼基础设施的配置

工厂化养鱼是现代设施渔业的具体体现之一,是当今最为先进的养鱼方式,具有占地少,单产高,受自然环境影响小,操作自动化,可持续生产,经济效益高等优点。然而,工厂化养鱼又是高技术、高投入、高风险的产业,需要事前进行科学的分析论证,事中科学管理和事后的科学维护,才能降低风险,创造高效。同时工厂化养鱼又是跨生物、生态、物理、化学、机械、电子等多边学     

渠道金属网箱流水养鱼高产试验

集约化养鱼起源于20年代，主要包括流水养鱼、网箱养鱼和工厂化养鱼三种形式。渠道金属网箱流水养鱼是在综合流水养鱼、网箱养鱼、围拦养鱼技术的基础上，利用农业灌溉、发电的渠道设置金属网箱进行高密度养殖的集约化养鱼新形式。此项技术在国外未见报道，     

工厂化养鱼悬浮颗粒物的控制

工厂化养鱼亦称高密度循环水养鱼、工业化养鱼等，它是指利用厂房设施及配套的机电仪器设备，高密度养殖经济鱼虾贝类等。这是我国水产养殖业走向现代化的基础和标志。工厂化养鱼的劳动条件好， 劳动生产率高；养殖周期缩短 2～ 6倍，单位面积产量比高产池塘提高 20～ 80倍；养殖用水量大大减少，不污染环境，产品为无公害的绿色食品。工厂化养鱼是知识和资本密集型产业，属环保型、可持续发展的产业，当前全国各水产发达的省市都在积极行动，使工厂化养鱼成为我国水产养殖业走向现代化的重要标志。 工厂化养鱼生产除选择优良的品种和较合…     

欢迎订阅1989年《科学养鱼》杂志

广东省珠江三角洲，是我国淡水养鱼最发达的地区之一，产量居全国之冠。近年来，广东水产学会《水产科技》编辑部组织科技人员，结合当地的生产实践，编写了《养鱼高产技术》一书。该书内容丰富，包括池塘养鱼、流水养鱼、大水面围栏养鱼、网箱养鱼、工厂化养鱼等各种养殖先进技术，     

海水工厂化养鱼技术要点

近几年，我国海水工厂化养鱼发展较快，尤以山东半岛沿海的荣成、威海、烟台、日照、青岛等市为抵。仅荣成市现在就有海水工厂化养鱼厂18家，养殖水面8．7万m'，牙解存养量800多万尾，1996年工厂化养鱼产量1000多吨。为更好地推动我国海水工厂化养鱼的快速发展，笔者就目前山东     

建工厂化养鱼基地 创高科技示范园区

<正> 迅猛发展的海水工厂化养鱼正在掀起我国海水养殖业的第四次浪潮,以鲽形目、鲈形目鱼类和河鲀为主要养殖对象的工厂化养殖场,如雨后春笋般在北方沿海各地建立。我省自1998年在唐海建成第一个3600m~2的工厂化养鱼大棚至今,短短三年时间,已发展到10万平方米,波及唐海、乐亭、滦南三县及秦皇岛市,养殖品种主要有河鲀、牙鲆和少量的大菱鲆。快速发展的大面积工厂化养殖规模,就要     

不同全封闭循环海水工厂化养殖设备水处理效果分析

为弄清不同全封闭循环海水工厂化养殖设备对养殖用水的处理效果,对普林和金沟两家公司全封闭循环海水工厂化养殖设备进出水口各项水质指标进行了检测。经分析得出,普林公司循环水设备水处理效果较好,经该系统处理后的海水水质符合渔业用水标准,为循环水技术推广应用的可行性提供了良好示范性的参考。     

罗氏沼虾育苗循环水处理技术与模式

将育苗用水经消毒及沉淀处理后作为试验基础用水,应用泡沫分离器、经预处理的生物滤器和紫外线消毒器等处理罗氏沼虾育苗循环水,使水质得到了有效控制。试验期间,对照池以大量换水及用药等传统方式维持水质,而试验池未曾用药和换水,较对照池节约水67.5%;试验池主要水质指标变化范围如下:NH3 Nm:0～0.010mg·L-1,NO2- N:0.01～0.63mg·L-1,pH:7.48～8.37,CODMn:5.42～12.25mg·L-1,细菌总数:(4.2～130)×103cell·mL-1,弧菌数:(0.2～20)×102cell·mL-1;试验组出苗率为40%,高出对照组33.3%。生产性育苗试验中,试验池与对照池均获得了30%的出苗率。据试验结果及罗氏沼虾育苗特点,提出了处理罗氏沼虾育苗循环水的技术与模式。     

全封闭循环水工厂化养殖青石斑鱼水质效果研究

利用全封闭循环水系统养殖青石斑鱼,通过测定进出水口的水质指标得出该系统对NO2-N、NH3-N、NO3-N、PO4-P、COD和BOD5的去除率分别为62.6%、40.1%、53.9%、49.0%、51.9%和53.6%,应在以后的养殖过程中改进系统设备,以达到对水体污染因子更高的去除率。     

换水率和密度对刺参生长和水质的影响

为探究日换水率(0、10%、20%、30%和100%)和养殖密度[0.980±0.008、1.760±0.005、2.810±0.007和(3.640±0.006)kg/m3]对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)生长率和养殖水质的影响,养殖试验首先在非循环水养殖条件下,测定各组刺参综合特定生长率(ISGR)及养殖水体中氨氮及亚硝酸盐氮质量浓度。结果显示,日换水率为10%和20%处理组的ISGR分别达到每天(1.330±0.161)%和(1.410±0.182)%,显著高于其他处理组;密度养殖试验证明,随着养殖密度的增加,ISGR逐渐降低,分别达到每天(0.610±0.500)%,(0.570±0.030)%,(0.560±0.045)%和(0.320±0.040)%,各组换水率及养殖密度组水体中氨氮及亚硝酸盐氮均在安全浓度范围内波动;养殖结果显示,循环水养殖试验组刺参的ISGR高于非循环水养殖组,可达(0.130±0.007)%,且氨氮及亚硝酸盐氮质量浓度在0.020 mg/L以下,而非循环水养殖的分别积累到(0.600±0.015)mg/L和(0.076±0.002)mg/L。研究表明,在换水率15%,养殖密度(2.810±0.007)kg/m3的循环水养殖条件下,可以保证水体水质稳定,刺参生长良好。     

河蟹青虾混养池塘循环水净化效能的初步分析

在河蟹青虾混养池塘构建封闭式循环水养殖系统,并对其净化效果和养殖效益进行了初步研究。结果表明：该系统对水体TN、TP、NH4＋-N和CODMn的平均净化效率分别为27.33%、56.14%、43.91%和39.59%。经湿地净化后的水质能够达到GB3838-2002地表水Ⅲ类排放标准,平均纯收益达53769元/hm2。     

海水贝类苗种循环水培育水处理技术的研究与应用

封闭循环水育苗作为一种高技术育苗模式,其核心是养殖废水的净化处理。对于循环水系统的每一道处理工序,都有大量可选择的工艺。本试验利用自建的100 m3的海湾扇贝苗种封闭循环水培育系统,通过用各个阶段的出水养殖扇贝幼体,以及测定出水指标等来判断水处理系统的处理效果。结果表明,封闭循环水处理系统的效果是成功的。     

Micro-particles in recirculating aquaculture systems: particle size analysis of culture water from a commercial Atlantic salmon site

As part of a larger study of micro-particles in a recirculating, cold water aquaculture system for juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), particle size analyses were carried out on the culture and makeup waters over several months followed by samples of feed stirred in water. The particle size distributions followed the power law described in [Aquacult. Eng. 19 (1999): 259] but with a superimposed spike at around 4 μm in the culture water, which was not present in make-up waters. A similar spike appeared in the feed samples indicating that the spike had a feed origin. While the absolute value of the power law exponent (designated β, or the Beta value) was in the range of 2.6–3.6, consistent with aquacultural waters, the build-up of fine particles, expected in a recirculating system with time and which would have been indicated by an increase in Beta value to above 4, did not occur due to a system high water turn-over rate flushing much of the finer particles. There is a particle counts increase occurring across the degasser/oxygenator that needs further investigation.     

High rate algal pond treatment for water reuse in a marine fish recirculation system: Water purification and fish health

Regardless of the degree of closure of a recirculation system, effluents are produced and replacement water is needed, which limits the possibility of locating a seawater production system away from the shoreline. At the Palavas Ifremer station, in the south of France, a High Rate Algal Pond (HRAP) was operated during several years to treat the effluent from a recirculating aquaculture system before reusing it. The effect of the HRAP-treated water on the recirculation system and on the fish was investigated and the optimal algae growing conditions were defined. The experiments were carried out in three rearing systems: one flow through, one recirculating and one recirculating with a HRAP. The water flow rate, temperature, pH and salinity conditions were similar in all systems.The effect of reusing the HRAP-treated water is very limited (1) on the functioning of the recirculation system and (2) on fish performance, but it allows a significant reduction of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in the rearing water. HRAP treatment reduced metal accumulation in muscle and liver of RAS fish, except for chromium and arsenic. All biomarkers presented no significant difference between systems, except for Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and EROD, which showed a higher concentration in RAS and in both recirculating system respectively.     

Impact of ozonation on water quality in marine recirculation systems

Ozone (O₃) is a powerful oxidant and is becoming popular in various aquaculture systems for disinfection and improving water quality by oxidation of inorganic and/or organic compounds. However, the use of ozone in marine-based aquaculture systems has been limited because of the potential to form bromate, which is formed during the oxidation of naturally occurring bromide by ozone. Because bromate is a human carcinogen, there are concerns with its chronic impact on fish health. In addition, the use of O₃ is hindered by lack of quantitative as well as qualitative design and performance information on O₃ for recirculating systems. This study investigated the application of ozonation to control pathogens and enhance the process water quality in a recirculating aquaculture system while minimizing bromate formation. A field scale monitoring program was conducted on process water quality from Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) recirculating systems. Ozonated modules showed reduction of 15% total organic carbon (TOC) and less than 25 μg/l bromate concentration was formed. In addition, ozonated modules showed reduction in nitrate, color and suspended solids, as compared to those that did not use ozone. The results of this study elucidates the formation of bromate in marine water recirculation systems.     

海水循环养殖系统冬季运行水温和水质控制

为探讨江苏沿海地区海水鱼类养殖过程中的越冬问题,构建了基于温室保温与微藻净水的封闭式循环水养殖系统,用于开展黑鲷越冬试验。通过在线监测系统记录冬季运行期间系统内外水温与气温,研究太阳能温室的保温性能;通过定期采样检测养殖系统水质,比较投加微藻前后养殖池水质的差异,研究微藻净水的可行性。结果显示:冬季温室内海水循环养殖系统的平均水温显著高于温室外水温,有利于黑鲷顺利越冬并延长生长期;在养殖系统内接种微藻可有效降低水体氨氮(NH+4-N)浓度,并将亚硝酸盐氮(NH-2-N)浓度维持在较低水平,有利于维护养殖系统水质稳定。研究表明:集成温室保温与微藻净水的海水循环养殖系统可实现黑鲷越冬养殖。本研究可为存在积温不足和越冬问题的区域发展海水鱼类养殖提供参考。