江黄颡鱼适宜生长水温的研究

将江黄颡鱼放在5组不同水温(20℃、23℃、26℃、29℃、32℃),体积为100 cm×40cm×50 cm的水族箱中饲养45 d,每组设三个重复.试验结果表明在20～29℃下,鱼体的绝对增重率和相对增重率随着水温的升高而增大,但到32℃时增重率有所下降;江黄颡鱼生长的适温范围为23～32℃,最适水温为29℃±1℃.     

两种免疫增强剂对黄颡鱼生长、消化及免疫性能的影响

将180尾黄颡鱼随机分成3组,即Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,每组3重复,Ⅰ组为对照组,投喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ为试验组,分别在投喂基础日粮中添加0.01%的芽孢杆菌与0.01%低聚糖复合制剂(Ⅱ)和1%中草药免疫增强剂(Ⅲ),连续投喂60天,测定了黄颡鱼增重率,成活率及胃肠消化酶,肝胰,血清免疫酶活性。结果显示:与对照组相比,Ⅱ,Ⅲ组均显著提高了黄颡鱼的增重率,成活率(P<0.05)。Ⅱ组胃消化酶,肠蛋白酶和和Ⅲ组胃消化酶活性与对照相比提高显著(P<0.05),但Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组肠淀粉酶活性有所下降。与对照组相比,试验组肝胰ACP,肝胰AKP,肝胰SOD,血清ACP,血清AKP活性均不同程度提高。结果表明:在饲料中添加免疫增强剂,能够提高黄颡鱼的生产性能及消化免疫能力。     

大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、消化酶活性和抗氧化功能的影响

为研究大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)生长性能、体成分、消化酶活性和抗氧化功能的影响,以30%鱼粉组为对照组(A0),大豆小肽蛋白分别替代17%、33%和50%的鱼粉作为实验组(A17、A33和A50),配制4种等氮配合饲料。每组设置4个重复,每个重复饲喂30尾平均体重为(3.7±0.6) g的黄颡鱼幼鱼,进行为期80 d的饲养实验。结果显示,A17组生长性能与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),A33组除增重率(WGR)显著高于对照组外(P<0.05),其余指标均与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。A50组饵料系数(FCR)显著高于对照组和其他实验组(P<0.05),增重率、特定生长率(SGR)及蛋白质效率(PER)显著低于对照组和其他实验组(P<0.05)。各实验组肥满度(CF)和脏体比(VSI)与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼全鱼水分、灰分和粗蛋白含量无显著影响(P<0.05);然而,当大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉水平从33%升高至50%时,鱼体粗脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05)。各实验组肠脂肪酶和肠淀粉酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),A33和A50组胃淀粉酶显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼肝胰脏丙二醛(MDA)活性无影响。综上所述,黄颡鱼配合饲料中鱼粉替代量小于33%时,黄颡鱼生长性能最佳,且对鱼体肝脏抗氧化功能无不利影响。本研究首次探究大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼生长等的影响,以期为黄颡鱼饲料配制和大豆小肽蛋白的使用等提供参考。     

不同动物饵料对YY超雄黄颡鱼性腺发育的影响

通过比较近10年YY超雄黄颡鱼的生产和养殖记录,发现仅近几年投喂过水蚯蚓的YY超雄黄颡鱼性腺出现问题。实验设定4组不同饵料(丰年虫、浮游动物、红虫和水蚯蚓)连续投喂YY黄颡鱼鱼苗20 d(11～30日龄),选择60日龄统计各组YY超雄黄颡鱼的存活率、体长和体质量。水蚯蚓组YY超雄黄颡鱼的体长和体质量显著高于其他3组,丰年虫组YY超雄黄颡鱼存活率显著低于其他3组。解剖观察60日龄和1年龄YY黄颡鱼的性腺结构并统计1年龄YY超雄鱼的受精率,结果显示,水蚯蚓组YY超雄黄颡鱼的性腺有75%为兼性性腺(精巢和卵巢均存在),25%为无精小叶的精巢,且1年龄的YY黄颡鱼受精率仅为36.70%±4.05%,并显著低于其他3组,而其他3组性腺发育和受精率均正常。为研究水蚯蚓引起YY黄颡鱼雌性化具体原因,实验测量4种不同动物饵料的雌二醇含量,发现雌二醇含量均较低,推测YY超雄黄颡鱼雌性化的原因可能是水蚯蚓富集的环境内分泌干扰物(EDCS)导致。研究表明,在YY超雄黄颡鱼大规格苗种培育过程中,早期应投喂浮游动物或红虫,不宜投喂水蚯蚓。     

网箱养殖黄颡鱼试验

为了探索黄颡鱼的养殖方法,笔者于1999年进行了鱼塘设置网箱养殖黄颡鱼试验。1　材料与方法11　网箱结构与设置网箱为3×4聚乙烯线,网目2ｃｍ,规格4ｍ×6ｍ×3ｍ的固定敞口式。设置在面积5亩的成鱼池内,网箱离堤30ｃｍ,距进水口40ｃｍ,鱼池深25ｍ,水源充足,水质良好,透明度30ｃｍ,ｐＨ值75。12　鱼种放养黄颡鱼苗是从双牌河流捕捉的野生鱼,规格19ｇ/尾。5月1日进箱,放苗2400尾,进箱时用3%的食盐水浸洗5分钟。共投2400尾,总重456ｋｇ,平均每尾19ｇ,放养密度100尾/ｍ2。13　日常管理黄颡鱼的主要饲料有蚯蚓、蚌肉。日投饵量占鱼总重量的2%～4%…     

透明度、温度对强化培育罗非鱼的影响

主要对尼罗罗非鱼在强化培育期的最适温度和最适透明度做了进一步的探讨,在室内用了15个水槽,将透明度设为15～20cm、20～25cm、25～30cm三个组;将温度设为(20±0.5)℃、(22±0.5)℃、(24±0.5)℃、(26±0.5)℃、(28±0.5)℃五个组。在每个水槽中放入约3kg的鱼苗,规格为15尾/kg左右,通过每天对随机抽取的10条鱼测量其平均体重,求出每组每天的平均增重率,然后求出总的平均增重率,最后得出26℃为尼罗罗非鱼在强化培育期的最适温度,透明度在20～25cm时,尼罗罗非鱼生长最快。     

饲料中添加雨生红球藻对黄颡鱼生长、抗氧化酶活性、免疫应答及氨氮耐受的影响

为探讨饲料中添加雨生红球藻对黄颡鱼生长、抗氧化酶活性、免疫应答及氨氮耐受的影响。以平均体质量为（5.00±0.85）g的黄颡鱼为研究对象,随机分成4个组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,分别投喂添加0.00 %（对照）、0.30 %、0.50 %及1.00 %雨生红球藻的饲料,每天2次表观饱食投喂,实验进行10周。结果显示,饲料中雨生红球藻的添加量大于0.30 %能够显著提高黄颡鱼的增重率和血红蛋白含量,降低饲料系数和白细胞数;饲料中添加0.50 %雨生红球藻能够显著降低黄颡鱼血清超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性及丙二醛含量,显著提高血清溶菌酶活性;96 h急性氨氮暴露实验表明,摄食0.50 %-1.00 %雨生红球藻饲料的黄颡鱼累积死亡率和血氨含量显著低于对照组;饲料中添加雨生红球藻显著提高了氨氮暴露下黄颡鱼肝脏中氨代谢相关酶含量,其中,氨甲酰磷酸合成酶和精氨酸酶含量随着雨生红球藻含量的升高显著提高。研究表明,饲料中添加大于0.30 %雨生红球藻能够显著提高黄颡鱼的生长性能,改善血液健康状况、氧化损伤及免疫应答能力;饲料中雨生红球藻的添加量超过0.50 %能够显著提高黄颡鱼在氨氮暴露下的存活率。     

基于不同人工鱼巢研究黄颡鱼的产卵偏好性

为探索黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)繁殖时期对人工鱼巢的偏好性, 2018年6—7月开展了不同水温条件下黄颡鱼对不同鱼巢颜色和材质产卵偏好性的对比实验。实验用产卵鱼巢为半球形棕榈空鱼巢(直径25 cm,深12 cm);同规格内部放置4～6枚碎石块的棕榈鱼巢和塑料鱼巢;折叠6层尼龙渔网(30cm×40cm)和棕榈片(30cm×40cm)鱼巢,于水泥池(290 cm×120 cm×100 cm)内开展两种温度区间条件下产卵偏好性实验。实验用黄颡鱼亲本雌雄比例为1:1,雌鱼体长(167.8±19.0)mm,体重(99.9±21.7)g;雄鱼体长(235.1±18.8)mm,体重(188.5±38.1)g。结果表明,在24～26℃水环境下,半球形棕色棕榈(无石子)鱼巢内个体平均附卵量为628.49粒/m2,个体单位面积平均附卵率为2.77%;28～32℃水环境下,半球形棕榈(无石子)个体平均附卵量为225.48粒/m2,个体单位面积平均附卵率为1.40%。结果分析发现, 24～26℃是黄颡鱼产卵的最适水温区间;黄颡鱼对棕色鱼巢产卵偏好显著(P0.05),而对灰色、粉色、黄色和绿色无明显偏好;黄颡鱼对半球形棕榈(无石子)鱼巢产卵偏好显著(P0.05),而对其他材质鱼巢的偏好性依次为:半球形棕榈(有石子)平铺棕榈片悬挂棕榈片半球形塑料水泥池。可见,黄颡鱼产卵的最佳偏好为24～26℃水环境下棕色半球形棕榈鱼巢。本研究结果对黄颡鱼的人工繁殖、产沉黏性卵鱼类产卵场的修复和资源增殖有重要的指导意义。     

皮质醇混饲投喂对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长及外周血细胞的影响

采用皮质醇混饲投喂的试验方法,模拟自然条件下的慢性应激,观察和分析了应激激素皮质醇对黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)幼鱼生长和外周血细胞的效应。试验组饲料中皮质醇添加剂量为100 mg/kg,日投饵率为3%,试验期5周。结果表明:(1)外源皮质醇通过减少肠道黏膜皱褶和促进糖异生作用使黄颡鱼幼鱼增重受阻;(2)外源皮质醇使黄颡鱼幼鱼外周血白细胞数量显著减少、淋巴细胞百分比显著降低,但是中性粒细胞和单核细胞百分比则呈上升趋势;(3)外源皮质醇能促进红细胞增生,增加黄颡鱼幼鱼外周血红细胞数量。     

成鱼塘设置网箱养殖黄颡鱼试验

黄颡鱼因个体小、生长慢、苗种繁殖较难而很少进行人工养殖。目前仅湖南、湖北、辽宁等地进行了黄颡鱼的人工繁殖和池塘养殖，成功的不多。但黄颡鱼以其肉质细嫩，味道鲜美，营养丰富深受消费者欢迎，市价达 30元 /kg以上。为了探索黄颡鱼的养殖方法，笔者于 1999年在成鱼塘设置网箱进行了黄颡鱼养殖试验，现将试验情况介绍如下。 1材料与方法 1.1网箱结构与设置 网箱为 3× 4聚乙烯线，网目 2 cm，规格 4 m× 6 m× 3 m，为固定敞口式 ,设置在面积 0.33 hm2的成鱼池内，网箱离岸 30 cm，距进水口 40 cm，鱼池水深 2.5 m，水源充足，水质好…     

Atlantic Fisheries Technological Conference,Moncton, NB,August 21, 1995

No abstract available for this article.     

Anguilla huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009, is a junior synonym of Anguilla luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009

Anguilla luzonensis and A. huangi were each described in 2009 using eels obtained from northern Luzon Island. We examined the taxonomic status of these two groups of eels using morphological and molecular genetic characters. There were no significant differences in two vertebrae counts between eels of A. luzonensis and A. huangi. Mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b genes sequences were obtained and compared among 28 specimens of A. luzonensis, the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi, and one specimen of the other 15 anguillid species. The specimens of A. luzonensis exhibited almost identical sequences, including the holotype, with only a few site differences, and the genetic difference between the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi was within the range of differences of specimens of A. luzonensis. The other anguillid species were genetically very different from A. luzonensis and A. huangi, although A. interioris is a closely related species. It is clear that A. luzonensis and A. huangi are the same species, and according to the principle of priority in zoological nomenclature, A. luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009 is the valid species name, and A. huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009 is a junior synonym of A. luzonensis.     

Surface disinfection of Pacific threadfin, Polydactylus sexfilis, and amberjack, Seriola rivoliana, eggs

The effects of exposing the eggs of Pacific threadfin and amberjack eggs (AEs) to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide for 5 min on hatch rate and survival were assessed in a series of experiments using a petri dish model rearing system. Despite significant inter‐batch variation in hatch rate, it was shown that eggs of both species could be safely exposed to up to 11 340 mg L⁻¹ H₂O₂ for 5 min. Exposure to 34 230 mg L⁻¹ H₂O₂ for 5 min was shown to be lethal to AEs at a late stage of development. In two further experiments, it was demonstrated that Pacific threadfin eggs were resistant to all tested concentrations of a range of polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVP‐I) concentrations and contact times (up to 1000 mg L⁻¹ PVP‐I for 10 min). The level of bacteria adhering to the eggs of both species was highly variable. Where eggs were heavily colonized (>10⁴ cfu egg⁻¹), hydrogen peroxide concentrations of at least 11 340 mg L⁻¹, or PVP‐I concentrations higher than 500 mg L⁻¹ for 10 min, were required for effective sterilization. In less colonized batches, rinsing in sterile seawater or exposure to lower (550 mg L⁻¹) concentrations of H₂O₂ was sufficient to result in high apparent levels of surface sterility (<1 cfu egg⁻¹).     

Age,growth, maturity and the overfishing of the iconic sciaenid,Argyrosomus japonicus,in south-eastern,Australia

Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) occur in estuarine and coastal waters surrounding Australia, Africa, India, Pakistan, China, Korea and Japan, where they are important in fisheries. This study identified that mulloway in south-eastern Australia had similar growth rates, but matured at smaller lengths and younger ages, to those in South Africa and Western Australia. Growth of both sexes was similar to about 5 years, after which females grew faster and attained a greater maximum length than males. Female mulloway matured at 4–5 years of age with a L₅₀ of 68 cm, whereas males matured at 2–3 years of age with a L₅₀ of 51 cm. The commercial fishery in New South Wales was characterised by declining catches and a reduction in the proportion of mulloway of mature lengths in landings. During 2002–2005 commercial landings were dominated (83%) by fish within 15 cm of the current minimum legal total length of 45 cm and aged 2 and 3 years (>80%), even though mulloway can attain lengths of 200 cm and live >30 years. Estimates of the rates of instantaneous total mortality ranged between 0.34 and 0.45, whilst the rate of instantaneous natural mortality (M) was estimated to be approximately 0.12. Yield-per-recruit analyses indicated that mulloway in New South Wales are being growth overfished and substantial increases in yield could be achieved by increasing the length at first harvest. Values of the spawning potential ratio were below 0.2 under a range of mortality estimates, suggesting that mulloway are at risk of recruitment overfishing. These results suggest that the spawning stock of mulloway in south-eastern Australia has been depleted and that remedial management action is required to protect this iconic species.     

Marine and coastal protected and conserved areas strategy in Brazil: Context,lessons, challenges,finance, participation,new management models,and first results

1. In the last two decades, Brazil has advanced significantly with the expansion and improvement of its national system of protected areas. Until recently most of the expansion was concentrated in the Amazon region (with useful lessons). It also had an uneven ecological representation of coastal and marine ecosystems, concentrated in coastal waters. Despite significant advances, the levels of funding, staff and stakeholders' engagement remain relatively low for such a vast system.
2. Within the past few years, key elements of a new strategy for protection of coastal and marine areas have started to emerge, combined with some participatory processes and a focus on expansion of the total area protected (from <1.5% protection of the country's marine area). These included: a renewed focus on priority areas for conservation; attention to national and international commitments and targets; clarity about the need for partnerships and funding; better engagement of Brazilian society and stakeholders; new, and more collaborative, models of protected areas management and conservation; and openness in the relationships with wider society.
3. Significant results of this effort have started to appear: new large mosaics of oceanic protected areas were created; Amazon mangroves were recognized by the Ramsar Convention; new mangrove protected areas were created, besides other ones proposed; project proposals are under development with partners for better funding and sharing of responsibility; and there is a better engagement with stakeholders. The building of the Brazilian Blue Initiative is underway.
4. The implementation of the proposed 15‐year marine strategy is at its onset: partnerships need to be strengthened and substantial funding is required. It will only be possible to manage the larger system of protected areas if there are more collaborative and innovative models for protected areas and conservation management. These should include partnerships with civil society, local and traditional communities and the private sector, as well as greater engagement of scientists and research institutions, stronger and more qualified tourism, volunteer work, etc. Further innovative funding mechanisms will also be needed along the way.

     

驼背鲈(Chromileptes altivelis)的胚胎发育及仔、稚、幼鱼形态观察

对驼背鲈(Chromileptes altivelis)的胚胎发育及仔、稚、幼鱼的形态特征进行了详细的观察与研究,描述了从受精卵到仔、稚、幼鱼各发育期的时间和形态特征变化。结果表明,在水温25-26℃、盐度30的海水中,受精卵历时27 h 25 min完成整个胚胎发育过程,经历从卵裂、囊胚、原肠、神经胚到肌节形成、各器官的逐渐形成、变化、完善等一系列的胚胎发育和变化过程;根据其卵黄囊消长情况、鳞片的覆盖状态、体色发生的不同变化以及第二背鳍和腹鳍的消长,将胚后发育分为仔、稚、幼鱼3个阶段。在水温22-26℃、盐度29-31、DO≥5 mg/L的条件下,2-3 d仔鱼卵黄囊消失,开口摄食;生长发育至31 d,仔鱼已变态进入稚鱼期;培育至57 d,稚鱼完成变态,成为幼鱼。第二背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的生长与收缩等石斑鱼类早期发育的共性生长特征及其体表特性体色变化特征为驼背鲈胚后发育过程中最明显的特征。     

Factors influencing the abundance of the common bully, Gobiomorphus cotidianus McDowall, in small, North Island, New Zealand, lakes

Adult common bullies, Gobiomorphus cotidianus McDowall, are small (total length =  30–120 mm), benthic fish commonly found in the littoral zones of New Zealand lakes where they are a major prey species for trout and eels. Differences in their relative abundance (CPUE) were determined between 21 shallow North Island lakes. Mean CPUE ranged from 2 to >  1000 fish net^{− 1} night^{− 1} and was inversely related to water transparency. The abundance of bullies was not reduced in lakes containing rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), but was reduced in all lakes containing self-recruiting populations of eels, Anguilla spp. Mean densities of planktonic larval bullies in the limnetic zone were also inversely related to water transparency. Since low water transparency is related to increased trophic status for these lakes, the abundance of bullies is likely to be related to lake productivity, rather than turbidity.     

Effects of Mosquitofish,Gambusia affinis,on Channel Catfish,Ictalurus puncatatus,Production Ponds

Mosquitofish, Gambusia sp., have been spread throughout the world to biologically control mosquitoes. However, the fish has gained a reputation as an invasive species and has been implicated in displacing native aquatic species. Gambusia affinis are native to the southeastern United States and commonly occur in commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, production ponds. We investigated effects of mosquitofish presence on zooplankton populations, water quality, disease occurrence, and fish production in experimental ponds. There were no differences between ponds with or without mosquitofish in numbers of calanoid copepods, cyclopoid copepods, total copepods, Bosmina sp., Ceriodaphnia sp., Moina sp., Daphnia sp., or total cladocerans. There were also no differences in copepod and cladoceran sizes. Copepod nauplii were more numerous during the summer months in ponds with mosquitofish. There were no differences in water quality variables (soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH) or phytoplankton density between ponds stocked with and without mosquitofish. Catfish production and disease occurrence were also similar between ponds with and without mosquitofish. Although mosquitofish may cause problems when stocked outside their native range, there does not appear to be any adverse effects of mosquitofish presence in catfish production ponds.     

Annual Meeting of the Pacific Fisheries Technologists,Red Lion Inn,San Diego,CA, February 18-21, 1996

No abstract available for this article.