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1.
摄食促进剂对对虾生长的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
IntroductionMeasures to assure that all feed offered to animals in commercial operation is consumed and to reduceformulated feed waste pollution,have been considered as some of the most relevant for lowering productioncosts in aquaculture.Considering the importance of chemical stimulant in development of the crustacean lifecircle,it is logical to assume that by adding attractants to the feed,the animal would rapidly find potentialfeed and ingest it.Additionally,measures involving the incorpora…  相似文献   

2.
对虾免疫机能研究概况   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
陈国福 《水产学报》2004,28(2):209-215
Shrimp farming is an important source of revenue and employment in many developing countries.However, infectious diseases have adversely affected the profitability of shrimp industry. For this reason, disease prevention is a priority and shrimp immunology has become a crucial research area of this field. In this paper, the current importance and problems of shrimp-culture were described and the research advances in shrimp immunological defence mechanisms were summarized. The immunological tools are powerful and useful to evaluate the health state of the shrimp. The immunologies of shrimp mainly consist of cellular immunity and humoral immunity. In regard to cellular parameters, they are composed of haemocyte count (THC), differential haemocyte count (DHC) and reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs). The immunity ceils exert their defence functions through phagocytizing, enveloping, etc, and the changes of THC and DHC are related to health state of shrimp. The ROIs generated during post phagocytic event which maybe an important marker to evaluate the immunological capability and phenoloxidase activity have been considered as a potential marker which is relevant to the health of the shrimp too. Concerning humoral parameters, prophenoloxidase (ProPO) and phenoloxidase,antimicrobial peptides and proteins, hemagglutinin and plasma proteins were described. The determining methods of immunity parameters were discussed. The response of shrimp to pathogens such as bacteria, virus, etc. and environmental factors such as DO, pH, etc, were also reviewed. It is well-known that the immune responses induced by immunizing crustacean or shrimp are mainly the non-specific immune responses. The potential of immunological parameters, including the changes of THC and DHC, the production of ROIs, phenoloxidase (PO) activity, antibacterial activity of plasma, and so on, to appraise the healthy state of shrimp were partly discussed. The future directions for the evaluation of the immunological capability of shrimp were proposed.  相似文献   

3.
method for determination of melamine residue in fishery products by liquid chromatography-mass spectrum (LC-MS/MS)was established. The conditions of LC-MS/MS was optimized. The sample was ultrasonically extracted with 1% triehloroactic acid and ethylamine, and cleaned by the solid phase extraction (MCX) cartridge. The analyte was identified by electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The determination ion pairs are 127/85 and 127/68,and the confirmation ion pairs are 127/85. The method was validated and good results were obtained with respect to spiked recoveries. The linear range was from 10 to 400 ng/mL,the average recoveries were between 80.5%and 94.1% in the spiked rang of 0.01 -10.0 mg/ kg. LOQ was 0.01 mg/kg.  相似文献   

4.
鱼粉在水产饲料中的应用研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
杨勇 《水产学报》2004,28(5):573-578
As a main protein source in aquafeeds, fish meal has been extensively studied. Fish sources, freshness, processing temperature, lipid quality and microbiological index are five main aspects of the evaluation of fish meal quality. This paper reviewed the researches on fish meal including the evaluation of fish meal quality, the use of fishmeal and the environmental problems. Biogenic amine is the main potential toxin in decomposed fish meal including mainly histamine, cadaverine, putrescine and tyramine and most studies showed that they could affect the fish growth performance and health. The determination of protein digestibility of fish meal includes pepsin-digestion method, animal test, capillary electrophoresis, etc. The content of phosphorus in fish meal and its utilization can introduce pollution to water bodies and the use of alternative protein and improvement of utilization of fish meal can help to reduce the pollution from fish meal.  相似文献   

5.
坛紫菜自由丝状体对无机碳的利用   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
骆其君 《水产学报》2002,26(5):477-480
Free-living Porphyra haitanensis conchocelis was cultured under continual light,then it was treated with Van,DIDS and SITS,the inhibitors of inorganic carbon utilization,to study the mechanism of inorganic carbon utilization in the conchocelis.The results indicate that Van inhibits the utilization of inorganic carbon most,with a rate of 71.3%,and the rates of DIDS and SITS are relatively lower,42% and 35.5% respectively.The inhibition rate of Az is 25.3%,which indicates the external CA is not an important part of its inorganic carbon uptake.A complementary conclusion is that the main part of inorganic carbon absorption in P.haitanensis conchocelis is through active transport of HCO3^- and CO2.  相似文献   

6.
In an attempt to understand growth regulation in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, we cloned insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) cDNAs and examined their mRNA expression in several tissues. Two eel IGF-I (eIGF-I) cDNAs encoding preprohormones, eIGF-I-Ea1and eIGF-I-Ea2, were cloned from the liver by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The preproIGF-Is were identical in signal peptide and mature IGF-I, but different in the E domain—eIGF-I-Ea2 mRNA was 36 bp longer than eIGF-I-Ea1 mRNA. Eel IGF-I was 83–94% identical with that of teleosts, 71% identical with that of dogfish, 87% identical with that of bullfrog and chicken, and 83% identical with that of humans. In both males and females the highest eIGF-I-Ea1 mRNA levels were observed in the liver, with detectable levels also found in the gills, heart, stomach, spleen, kidney, intestine, swim-bladder, muscle, and gonads. eIGF-I-Ea1 mRNA levels in the liver were higher in females than in males whereas in the intestine they were lower than in males. eIGF-I-Ea2 mRNA was detected in all the tissues examined and at similar levels in males and females. In this experiment higher eIGF-I-Ea1 mRNA levels were observed in the liver of larger glass eels than in those of smaller fish. eIGF-I-Ea2 mRNA levels were also higher in larger eels, although they were lower than IGF-I-Ea1 mRNA levels. Both eIGF-I mRNA levels in liver were positively correlated with the body size of the␣glass eels. Intraperitoneal injection of recombinant eel GH (reGH), 0.25 μg g−1 body weight, into glass eels resulted in a significant increase in both eIGF-I mRNAs in the liver 1 day after injection compared with control fish, but no elevation was observed 2 days after injection. Incubation of liver slices with reGH at concentrations of 10, 100, and 1,000 ng mL−1 for 24 h resulted in a significant concentration-dependent increase in the levels of both eIGF-I mRNAs. Higher levels of eIGF-I-Ea1 and Ea2 mRNA were observed in the gills ofseawater-reared eels than in those of freshwater-reared fish, but no differenceswere observed in the whole kidney. These results suggest that IGF-I is involved in the regulation of somatic growth and also in adaptation of the Japanese eel to seawater.  相似文献   

7.
水产食品特定腐败菌与货架期的预测和延长   总被引:27,自引:2,他引:25  
杨宪时 《水产学报》2004,28(1):106-111
Fresh fish and lightly preserved fish products are welcome by the global market, however, they are also among the most perishable food products. The research on specific spoilage organisms (SSO) reveals the spoilage process of aquatic product. This paper reviews the current knowledge (past ten years) on SSO of fresh fish and lightly preserved fish products with particular emphasis on characteristics of SSO and how to apply this concept to determine, predict and extend the shelf life of aquatic product. During storage, the microflora changes owing to different abilities of the microorganisms to tolerate the preservation conditions. SSO is defined as special microorganisms which can increase rapidly during preservation and has the ability to produce off- odours and off- flavours associated with spoilage, and spoilage metabolites. Identification of an SSO relies on comparison of the sensory and chemical characteristics of spoiled product with those of isolates from the spoilage microflora. Generally, the SSO of fresh fish may be a single species or genus, but the ones of lightly preserved fish products will be more complex. One exciting area for use of SSO aims to obtain quantitative knowledge about probable behavior of SSO and their function during the progression of spoilage. Thus mathematical models on the growth of SSO are established to evaluate the quality lost degree of product, which provide a sound information for the rational development of devices to monitor loss of products shelf life. Models for the growth of Pseudomonas spp, S. putrefaciens, P. phosphoreum have been established, and validated for shelf life prediction of seafood successfully. Another application field of SSO intends to develop the techniques to prolong the shelf life of food products by inhibiting SSO targetedly. Targeted inhibition of spoilage bacteria during preservation reduces their growth and results in a significant extension of shelf life in despite of the activity of non - spoilage organisms has not been influenced. Such techniques have been applied in perversion field of fresh fish and lightly preserved fish.  相似文献   

8.
江黄颡鱼卵细胞膜的结构特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
刘利平 《水产学报》2005,29(3):420-423
Using conventional histochemical methods and scanning electron microscope, the egg surface of mature oocyte of Pelteobagrus vachelli was observed. The micropyle is funnel-like and consists of micropylar vestibule and micropylar canal. The opening of micropylar vestibule is about 11.35μm in diameter while entrance of the micropyle to the oocyte is only about 2.6 μm. There are plenty of micropores on the surface near the micropyle. Micropyle might act as an apparatus leading spermatozoa to penetrating an oocyte. Regular cord-like structures between basal membrane (the outermost layer of egg surface) and plasmic membrane (the inner layer of egg surface) are found. These cord-like structures, each about 16.75 to 18.50μm in length, 5μm in diameter, comprised small balls whose diameters vary from 2.18 to 2.5μm and are arranged cornpactly under the basal membrane. These kinds of structures are zona radiata and act as special eggshell. After activation of the oocytes, the cord-like structures would partially transform into mucoprotein. To our best knowledge, this paper is the fast report on stereo view of the zona radiata of teleost oocyte.  相似文献   

9.
鲍遗传育种研究进展   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
蔡明夷 《水产学报》2004,28(2):201-208
Abalones are important farming species with a high economic value. They have already been farmed for more than 50 years. As problems and new requirements rose continuously in culture industry of abalone, studies on genetic and breeding techniques are needed to improve characteristics and to gain new traits. This review concentrates on advances in genetics and breeding techniques in abalone. As for genetic studies, karyological analyses, allozyme, DNA markers and genetic diversity were reviewed. So far, karyological analyses in abalone have been performed in 12 species that can be divided into three groups according to the chromosome number. In some economically important species, loci of allozymes and. microsatellites have been isolated and applied to investigate the genetic structure of natural and hatchery populations and to identify the result of chromosome set manipulation, but the related reports are only a few yet. The resultsof investigation with DNA markers and allozymes showed that the genetic structure of natural populations presents two characteristics: excessive homozygosity and subdivision. Advances of various breeding techniques, including introduction, selection,hybridization, polyploidy, gynogenesis and gene manipulation, were reviewed in the other part. Although Haliotis discus discus, introduced from Japan, has become one of the most important culture species in China, the economic, social and environmental effects of introduction have been rarely studied. Selection is one of the most important and basic breeding techniques, but the studies on selection are only a few and preliminary, referring to the relations between genetic characteristics and the traits of growth and resistance, genetic diversity and heritability of quantitative traits, and the effect of selection. Interspecific hybridization was the first breeding program carded out in abalone. Experimental hybridization have been carded out for about 20 crosses. Heterosis,such as faster growth and high survival rate, has been observed in some crosses. Triploids have been successfully induced in many species of abalone with physical or chemical shock, e.g.H, discus hannai, H. rufescens, H.diversicolor diversicolor and H. rnidae. Field experiments were conducted in some species of triploid abalone. In comparison with triploid, the research on tetraploid is still in quest stage. The progress of induction of gynogenesis in abalone is quite slow. Conditions of sperm inactivation, diploid restoration and nuclear behavior of gynogenetically activated eggs have been researched on in H. discus han nai. Notwithstanding the gene transfer technology in abalone is in the quest stage, the research have already involved preparation of exogenic DNA,means of gene transfer, identification integration and expression of target gene, etc. Three research directions in these topics were proposed : to investigate the germplasm resources of abalone deeply and widely, to make use of traditional breeding methods and modem biotechnique synthetically, and to combine the science research with production practice.  相似文献   

10.
西北太平洋柔鱼渔情速报系统的开发   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
崔雪森 《水产学报》2003,27(6):600-605
The neon flying squid, Ommastrephes bartrami, is one of the most important jig fisheries in the northwest Pacific Ocean. In order to understand the movement of O. bartrami fishing-ground better and supply O. bartrami fishing-ground information for Chinese fishing boats in the northwest Pacific ocean, the fishing condition analysis and forecasting system of O. bartrami was developed successfully. The system was based on established comprehensive database, which included the catch data of O. bartrami (total yields, count of total fishing boats, fishing position etc. ) and oceanic environmental information (SST, SST gradient etc. ). Artificial intelligent technology about case-based reasoning was also combined with GIS component technology successfully in the system. The process and function of system establishment are composed of four parts: setting up of case database for central fishing-ground and its environmental factors, knowledge reasoning of fishery information, GIS visualization analyzing as well as trend forecasting of central fishing-ground and information production mapping. At last as an example of the results, an experimental central fishing-ground forecasting of O. bartrami from 9 to 15 in July 2002 in the northwest Pacific Ocean was given in the paper. The results showed that through three class similar searching forecasting central fishing-ground would move west, and indicating that forecasting of the system for O. bartrami central fishing-ground was correct by comparing to real fishing-ground from 16 to 22 in July 2002. Consequently, artificial intelligent expert system technology about case-based reasoning is a useful method for fishing condition and fishing-ground forecasting.  相似文献   

11.
A study was performed on the effects of bilateral eyestalk ablation on signal transduction pathways of ion regulation of Litopenaeus vannamei. The study included three treatments (starvation group, bilateral eyestalk ablation, and starvation and bilateral eyestalk ablation) in addition to a control group. The shrimp were sampled at 0, 12, 24, and 48 h. Results showed that the ablation of bilateral eyestalk had significant effects on the contents of three kinds of biogenic amines (BAs), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and the activities of three kinds of ion‐transport enzymes (P < 0.05). According to these results, bilateral eyestalk ablation had significant effects on the ion signal pathway of L. vannamei. The same changes were observed in 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) contents, Na+‐K+‐ATPase, and HCO3?‐ATPase activities, suggesting that crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) regulated the changes in ion‐transport enzymes, mediated by BAs and cGMP. The specific pathways may be 5‐HT → cGMP → Na+‐K+‐ATPase, HCO3?‐ATPase, and BAs → cGMP → V‐ATPase. 5‐HT contents, Na+‐K+‐ATPase, and HCO3?‐ATPase activities in the starvation group were ultimately higher than those in the bilateral eyestalk ablation group, while the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) contents increased slightly. Study results suggested that under the situation of bilateral eyestalk ablation, the shrimp could also use feed or its metabolites to increase 5‐HT or cAMP contents to regulate the Na+‐K+‐ATPase and HCO3?‐ATPase activities in gills.  相似文献   

12.
ABSTRACT:   In the present study, the role of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and Na/K-ATPase in the gill and epidermal tissues in the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii was examined as a function of molting stage. CA activity levels in the front and back gills were low at the intermolt stage C0, but increased significantly at premolt stage D3, and then decreased after molting. In the epidermal tissue, activity levels decreased gradually towards premolt to a minimum level at stage D3, but became elevated at postmolt stages A and B. Na/K-ATPase levels in the front and back gills did not change significantly during the molt cycle. CA in the gill is possibly involved in supplying counter-ions for ion uptake, while CA in the epidermal tissue may play a role in mineralizing the exoskeleton after ecdysis. Na/K-ATPase in the gills may function in ion uptake from the ambient medium; however, since its activity was not influenced by the molt cycle, it probably does not have a major role in osmoregulation in the freshwater environment.  相似文献   

13.
赵峰  杨刚  张涛  王妤  庄平 《海洋渔业》2016,(1):35-41
为了探讨中华鲟幼鱼进入长江口半咸水环境后,渗透压适应调节过程中鳃上皮泌氯细胞的适应性变化,将幼鱼在淡水(盐度0)和半咸水(盐度15)两种条件下驯养60 d,利用光镜和扫描电镜技术对比分析鳃上皮泌氯细胞的形态、分布与数量特征。结果表明:幼鱼鳃上皮泌氯细胞主要集中分布于鳃小片基部和鳃小片之间的鳃丝上,细胞略呈椭圆形。半咸水条件下,幼鱼鳃丝上皮泌氯细胞数量和大小显著增加,鳃小片上皮泌氯细胞数量则未发生改变,但细胞大小显著增加;而鳃丝和鳃小片上皮泌氯细胞的形态在淡水和半咸水中均未发生显著变化。扫描电镜观察发现,鳃丝上皮泌氯细胞顶膜开口的形态分为3种类型:Ⅰ型,突起型;Ⅱ型,凹陷型;Ⅲ型,深洞型。淡水条件下,顶膜开口形态多为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型,未发现Ⅲ型存在;而半咸水条件下,顶膜开口形态以Ⅲ型为主,Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型也有少量分布。  相似文献   

14.
三疣梭子蟹血淋巴免疫功能的初步研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
李长红  金珊 《水产科学》2008,27(4):163-166
利用API ZYM试剂盒和酶活力测试盒检测了三疣梭子蟹血细胞及血清中的19种酶类及血清中溶菌酶、碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶的活性。试验结果表明,在雄蟹血清和血细胞中均检测到19种酶,在雌蟹血清和血细胞中分别检测到18种和16种。碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性很低。在此基础上,研究了三疣梭子蟹血清和血细胞溶解物(HLS)对溶藻弧菌的抗菌活力,结果显示血清样品对溶藻弧菌的抗菌活力较强,但其体外作用的持续时间较短;而血细胞溶菌酶对溶藻弧菌的抗菌活力较弱。  相似文献   

15.
沈永龙 《水产学报》2013,37(6):851-857
为了研究盐度对瘤背石磺不同部位Na+/K+-ATP酶活性、围心腔液和腹腔液渗透压及离子含量(Na+、K+和Cl-)的影响,选取健康的瘤背石磺[湿重(10.24±2.16)g]600只,在不同盐度条件下(5、15、25、35和45)采用模拟生态环境的方式饲养30 d后测定各项指标.结果显示:(1)瘤背石磺腹腔液和围心腔液的盐度和渗透压均随着环境盐度的升高而增高,腹腔液的盐度和渗透压的变动幅度分别为25~ 43和514 ~ 796 mOsm/kg,其增高幅度均大于围心腔液(分别为23 ~ 28和502~ 726 mOsm/kg);(2)围心腔液中Na+、Cl-和K+含量随环境盐度的变化具有一致性,均呈先上升后下降的趋势,且各离子浓度均在盐度25时达到最大值,分别为295.50、322.50和5.15 mmol/L,但盐度对Na+和Cl-含量有显著影响,对K+含量无显著影响.(3)瘤背石磺不同部位的Na +/K+-ATP酶活性具有组织特异性,贲门胃、肠、表皮、肌肉和围心腔膜等部位的Na +/K+-ATP酶活性较高,同时,盐度激活不同部位的Na +/K+-ATP酶活性具有显著差异性,肌肉和贲门胃的Na +/K+-ATP酶在低盐度时活性较高,而肠、肾及围心腔膜等在高盐度时Na+/K+-ATP酶被激活,酶活性较高.研究表明:盐度能显著影响瘤背石磺腹腔液和围心腔液的渗透压和离子浓度以及各器官的Na+/K+-ATP酶活性,贲门胃、肠和肌肉等均是其离子转运和渗透调节的主要部位,具有较强的渗透压调节能力.  相似文献   

16.
The mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) naturally inhabits freshwater (FW; 1–3‰) and seawater (SW; 28–33‰) ponds in constructed wetland. To explore the physiological status and molecular mechanisms for salinity adaptation of the mosquitofish, cytoprotective responses and osmoregulation were examined. In the field study, activation of protein quality control (PQC) mechanism through upregulation of the abundance of heat shock protein (HSP) 90 and 70 and ubiquitin-conjugated proteins was found in the mosquitofish gills from SW pond compared to the individuals of FW pond. The levels of aggregated proteins in mosquitofish gills had no significant difference between FW and SW ponds. Furthermore, the osmoregulatory responses revealed that the body fluid osmolality and muscle water contents of the mosquitofish from two ponds were maintained within a physiological range while branchial Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) expression was higher in the individuals from SW than FW ponds. Subsequently, to further clarify whether the cellular stress responses and osmoregulation were mainly induced by hypertonicity, a laboratory salinity acclimation experiment was conducted. The results from the laboratory experiment were similar to the field study. Branchial PQC as well as NKA responses were induced by SW acclimation compared to FW-acclimated individuals. Taken together, induction of gill PQC and NKA responses implied that SW represents an osmotic stress for mosquitofish. Activation of PQC was suggested to provide an osmoprotection to prevent the accumulation of aggregated proteins. Moreover, an increase in branchial NKA responses for osmoregulatory adjustment was required for the physiological homeostasis of body fluid osmolality and muscle water content.  相似文献   

17.
This is an overview of our recent studies of energy metabolism in fish brain and other organs regulated by exogenous (feeding, salinity) and endogenous (hormones) factors. To highlight our approach, we present latest results concerned osmoregulation in the gills of gilthead seabream, Sparus auratus. Our model, the seabream, is a euryhaline teleost capable of adaptation to extreme changes in environmental salinity. Treatment with cortisol allowed us to achieve circulating cortisol levels similar to those observed during osmotic adaptation and to assess how elevated hormonal levels affected simultaneously metabolic and osmoregulatory capacities of the gill tissue. Cortisol-implanted fish showed higher gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity than control fish but no changes were observed in plasma osmolality and ion levels. Plasma levels of glucose and lactate increased in cortisol-implanted fish while protein levels decreased. Cortisol treatment elicited metabolic changes in liver and brain reflecting an activation of the glycogenic and gluconeogenic potential in liver, and the glycogenic potential in brain, which are confirmatory of data obtained in previous experiments. In gills, we demonstrated that cortisol treatment elicited changes in their energy metabolism that can be summarized as a decreased capacity in the use of exogenous glucose (decreased HK activity), a decrease in the capacity of the pentose phosphate pathway (decreased G6PDH activity), and an increased glycolytic potential (increased PK activity). Observed metabolic changes in gills can be associated with those occurring in nature during osmotic adaptation in the same fish species.  相似文献   

18.
Changes in hemolymph osmolality, ion concentrations, and enzymatic activities of carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the gills and epidermal tissue, and Na/K-ATPase in the gills during the molt cycle were investigated in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Hemolymph osmolality was high in the intermolt and early premolt stages, but started to decrease prior to ecdysis through to postmolt stages A and B. Changes in Na+ and Cl ion concentrations paralleled those in hemolymph osmolality. CA activity levels in the anterior and posterior gills were low at intermolt stage C0 and premolt stage D0, and maximum at premolt stage D3. In the epidermal tissue, activity was relatively high at intermolt stage C0 and premolt stage D0, but fluctuated towards premolt stage D3 and postmolt stage A. On the other hand, Na/K-ATPase activity in the gills decreased between intermolt stage C0 and premolt stage D2, but increased at premolt stage D3 and postmolt stage A. The changes in patterns of CA activity during the molt cycle suggest that CA may be involved in supplying counter-ions for Na+ and Cl uptake during molting. Branchial Na/K-ATPase appears to be involved in producing local osmotic gradients in order to support water influx across the epithelium.  相似文献   

19.
本研究采用RT-PCR方法对生长快、耐盐性弱的尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus),耐盐性强、生长慢的萨罗罗非鱼(Sarotherodon melanotheron)以及生长与耐盐均较优的杂交子代(O.niloticus ♀早×S. melanotheron ♂)的催乳素PRLI基因cDNA序列片段进行了克隆与序列分析,以探讨罗非鱼耐盐性的分子机制,分析和筛选与耐盐性相关的基因.主要结果:(1)序列克隆及ClustalX1.83分析表明克隆所得cDNA序列长度为339 bp,编码112个氨基酸.(2)3种罗非鱼PRLI的cDNA具有高度的保守性,核苷酸序列同源性介于97.94%~99.71%之间,氨基酸序列同源性均在99.11%以上,表明罗非鱼的PRLI基因具有高度保守性.(3)杂交子代同尼罗罗非鱼的cDNA序列相比有5个碱基的变异,变异比例为1.47%;同萨罗罗非鱼相比有1个碱基的变异,变异比例为0.30%.(4)尼罗罗非鱼推导氨基酸序列中第80位氨基酸残基为脯氨酸残基(P),而杂交子代和萨罗罗非鱼在该位点均为丝氨酸残基(S).(5)MEGA4系统进化树分析显示,杂交子代同萨罗罗非鱼聚为1支.结果(3)、(4)、(5)表明,在PRLI基因的表达方面,杂交子代同父本萨罗罗非鱼的关系较近.  相似文献   

20.
The effects of salinity on hemolymph osmotic pressure, gill Na+/K+‐ATPase activity and dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5‐HT) in the gills, and hemolymph of the adult Charybdis japonica were studied. DA levels increased significantly (P < 0.05), while the NE and 5‐HT revealed contrary change in hemolymph and gills. The iso‐osmotic point of C. japonica (911.4 mOsm/kg) was at salinity of 27.87 ppt. The Na+/K+‐ATPase activity of gill showed negative correlation with salinity in the hypotonic environment (<27.87 ppt). The results of this experiment indicated that C. japonica had great capability to acclimate to low salinity.  相似文献   

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