花鳗鲡成鱼肌肉脂肪酸组成分析

为给花鳗鲡肉质营养评价及饲料研制提供基础数据和理论分析依据,对花鳗鲡肌肉粗营养成分与脂肪酸组成进行了测定。测定结果:花鳗鲡肌肉的水分含量为68.79%,蛋白质含量为17.58%,脂肪含量为10.86%,其中C14∶0、C15∶0、C16∶0、C18∶0,C16∶0等饱和脂肪酸(SFA)的相对含量为27.6%,C16∶1、C18∶1、C20∶1、C18∶1等单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)的相对含量为47.04%,C16∶3n-3、C18∶3n-3、C20∶5n-3、C22∶6n-3等n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3PUFA)的相对含量为9.4%,C18∶2n-6、C20∶4n-6、C18∶2n-6等n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(n-6PUFA)的相对含量为6.66%,多不饱和脂肪酸中DHA的相对含量为2.29%,EPA的相对含量为5.30%。分析结果显示,花鳗鲡肌肉中蛋白质和多不饱和脂肪酸含量非常高,属于优质的蛋白和脂肪源。     

河川沙塘鳢胚胎、仔鱼发育过程中脂类含量及脂肪酸组成的变化

采用生物化学方法测定和分析了河川沙塘鳢(Odontobutis potamophila)胚胎、仔鱼发育过程中脂类的含量及脂肪酸的组成。结果显示,随着胚胎和仔鱼的发育,其总脂的含量呈下降趋势,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)的含量亦呈现出下降趋势,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)的含量在胚胎期保持稳定、在仔鱼期下降,而多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)却呈现出不断增长的趋势。在整个胚胎和仔鱼发育过程中,平均含量最高的脂肪酸依次是C16∶0、C18∶1n-9、C18∶0、C16∶1、C22∶6n-3(DHA)和C20∶5n-3(EPA)。结果表明:河川沙塘鳢在胚胎和仔鱼发育过程中有消耗饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸,而保存n-3系列和n-6系列的高度不饱和脂肪酸的趋势,饱和脂肪酸被作为胚胎期能量代谢的主要来源,单不饱和脂肪酸被作为仔鱼期能量代谢的主要来源,而C18∶3n-3(亚麻酸)和C18∶2n-6(亚油酸)被用于合成DHA、EPA和C20∶4n-6(AA)。     

叶酸对皱纹盘鲍脂肪酸组成的影响

以皱纹盘鲍幼鲍Haliotis discus hannaiIno(平均壳长:13.90±0.01mm;平均体重:482.2±2.2mg)为研究对象,在室内循环水养殖系统中进行112d的摄食生长实验,以海带为对照,探讨饲料中不同叶酸含量(0.06、1.44、2.86、5.88、14.27、35.71mg/kg饲料)对皱纹盘鲍脂肪酸组成的影响。实验结果表明,(1)叶酸缺乏可显著降低皱纹盘鲍C20∶4n-6和C20∶5n-3的含量(P<0.05),却显著提高C18∶3n-3和C22∶6n-3的含量(P<0.05);(2)海带与实验基础饲料中的脂肪酸组成存在显著差异,海带中的C14∶1、C16∶0、C18∶1n-9、C18∶3n-3、C20∶4n-6、C20∶5n-3含量显著高于饲料组(P<0.05),而C18∶0、C18∶1n-7、C18∶2n-6、C20∶0、C22∶6n-3均显著低于饲料组(P<0.05);(3)海带组鲍鱼的C20∶4n-6、C20∶5n-3显著高于饲料组鲍鱼(P<0.05),而C18∶1n-9、C18∶1n-7、C18∶2n-6、C22∶6n-3则显著低于饲料组鲍鱼(P<0.05)。(4)C16∶0、C16∶1、C18∶0在鲍鱼体内的含量比较稳定,不受饲料中叶酸含量和脂肪酸组成的显著影响(P>0.05)。这些结果说明,饲料中叶酸缺乏导致皱纹盘鲍脂肪酸组成发生改变,很可能抑制C18∶2n-6和C18∶3n-3的碳链延长和去饱和作用,从而减少C20∶4n-6和C20∶5n-3的合成。此外,饲料中的脂肪酸组成也是影响皱纹盘鲍体组织脂肪酸组成的一个重要因素。     

3种淡水鱼肌肉脂质的组成及营养评价

以拉萨河拉萨裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis younghusbandi)、拉萨裂腹鱼(Schizothorax waltoni)、双须叶须鱼Ptychobarbus dipogon)为材料,研究了其肌肉中脂质的组成和含量。结果显示:10种含量最丰富的脂肪酸分别是饱和脂肪酸16∶0和18∶0;单不饱和和脂肪酸16∶1n-9、18∶1n-9和18∶1n-7;n-3型多不饱和脂肪酸20∶5n-3,22∶5n-3和22∶6n-3和n-6型多不饱和脂肪酸18∶2n-6和20∶4n-6。结果表明拉萨河鱼类的脂肪酸模型跟深海鱼类相似,而且n-3型多不饱和脂肪酸的含量相对较高。     

日本鬼鲉胚胎及卵黄囊仔鱼发育过程中脂肪及脂肪酸特性变化

以野生日本鬼鲉人工催产获得的受精卵为实验材料,定量检测了日本鬼鲉胚胎及卵黄囊仔鱼发育过程中脂肪组成及脂肪酸含量.结果表明:日本鬼鲉胚胎及卵黄囊仔鱼的总脂肪含量为13.85％～ 11.66％,极性脂肪占总脂肪含量为75.39％～ 72.20％.总脂肪及极性脂肪含量在胚胎发育阶段无显著变化,在卵黄囊仔鱼阶段随发育而显著下降.中性脂肪含量在胚胎发育阶段有显著变化,在卵黄囊仔鱼阶段其含量相对稳定.野生日本鬼鲉胚胎及卵黄囊仔鱼总脂肪的主要脂肪酸为DHA(22∶6n-3),16∶0,ARA(20∶4n-6),EPA(20∶5n-3),18∶0和18∶1n-9.总脂肪及极性脂肪的DHA,ARA,EPA含量(mg/gDW)均随胚胎和卵黄囊仔鱼的发育而显著下降,且DHA和ARA含量均在胚胎囊胚期至尾芽期大幅降低.中性脂EPA和DHA含量随发育呈先升后降,其峰值分别出现在初孵仔鱼和2日龄(2DPH)卵黄囊仔鱼.中性脂ARA含量随发育逐步升高,峰值出现在3日龄(3DPH)卵黄囊仔鱼.在胚胎发育前期,总脂肪DHA和ARA相对EPA被选择性消耗,饱和脂肪酸(SFAs)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)相对单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFAs)被机体选择性消耗,N-6PUFA相对N-3 PUFA被选择性消耗；在胚胎发育后期及卵黄囊仔鱼阶段,总脂肪EPA相对DHA和ARA被选择性消耗.在胚胎和卵黄囊仔鱼发育过程中,SFAs中16∶0相对18∶0被选择性消耗.胚胎发育后期阶段和卵黄囊仔鱼阶段,总脂肪MUFAs中16∶1相对18∶1被选择性消耗.实验表明日本鬼鲉胚胎及卵黄囊仔鱼发育阶段极性脂肪中DHA、ARA和EPA可以向中性脂肪中转移,胚胎和卵黄囊仔鱼对不同类别脂肪中的重要脂肪酸的消耗具有选择性,且其选择性与发育阶段相关.     

不同食物条件下蚤状溞的脂肪酸组成比较研究

在Banta液(牛粪1.5 g 干稻草2 g 沃土20 g 水1000 ml)、酵母、小球藻三种培养条件下,比较研究了蚤状的脂肪酸组成。用GC/MS法分析后结果表明:它们的总脂量变化不大,依次为5.23%、5.46%和6.01%。共检测到15种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)5种,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)4种,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)6种。蚤状以小球藻培养条件下的C 20∶5(EPA)和C 18∶3的含量最高,PUFA占总脂肪酸的34.79%;Banta液组的SFA含量最高,为53.89%;面包酵母组的MUFA含量最高,达60.65%,且富含C 16∶1(n-7)和C 18∶1(n-9),这两种不饱和脂肪酸约占总脂肪酸的56.73%。EPA的含量以小球藻组最高,为14.43%,与自然环境中蚤状的含量相近。酵母组最低,为2.05%。蚤状和其它饵料生物一样,其脂肪酸组成主要随食物特点而变化,也决定于其本身的吸收与合成能力。     

大黄鱼鱼种阶段脂肪酸组成研究

对人工培育的90-180日龄的大黄鱼鱼种,用GC/MS法分析比较了其肌肉和肝脏的脂肪酸组成,肌肉和肝脏分别检出脂肪酸25种和42种.试验结果表明,7-10月,肌肉中的脂肪不断积累,而肝脏中则保持相对恒定,且是肌肉的1.7～3倍;2种组织中均以C16∶0(棕榈酸)含量最高,其次为C18∶1(油酸);肝脏中脂肪酸以饱和脂肪酸(SFA)为主,SFA的平均含量是多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的4倍,而肌肉中的SFA平均含量则与PUFA基本相当;花生四烯酸(AA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)及亚油酸(C18∶2)等n-3和n-6系列的PUFA在肌肉中含量更高;大黄鱼鱼种首先利用肌肉组织中以C16∶0为主的十八碳以下的SFA作为能量来源,而不轻易动用肝脏贮藏的能量.通过与幼鱼和成鱼比较可知,随着鱼体的成长,其脂肪酸种类不断丰富,组成也更趋合理.     

池塘底泥生物组成的季节性变化对刺参食物来源的影响

为分析刺参养殖池塘底泥生物组成的季节变化及其对刺参食物来源的影响,本研究于2012年5—12月以16:1(n-7)/16:0及EPA作为硅藻的特征脂肪酸标志,20:4(n-6)作为褐藻的特征脂肪酸标志,DHA及DHA/EPA作为鞭毛藻或原生动物的特征脂肪酸标志,18:1(n-7)及奇数碳和支链脂肪酸(oddbr FAs)作为细菌的特征脂肪酸标志调查了荣成靖海湾刺参养殖池塘底泥和刺参脂肪酸组成的季节性变化特征。结果显示,硅藻、褐藻、多种异养细菌及鞭毛藻或原生动物为底泥的主要组成生物,且各类生物组成的季节变化显著,其中硅藻的特征脂肪酸16:1(n-7)/16:0及EPA最高值出现在冬季,褐藻的特征脂肪酸20:4(n-6)含量为秋季最高,细菌的特征脂肪酸18:1(n-7)及(oddbr FAs)最高值出现在夏季,鞭毛藻或原生动物的特征脂肪酸DHA含量为冬季最高。相关性分析显示,刺参食物中的硅藻、鞭毛藻或原生动物和细菌主要来源于底泥。研究表明,刺参养殖池塘底泥中主要生物组成季节性变化显著,进而引起刺参食物来源的季节性变化。     

闽东海域繁殖期雌性棘头梅童鱼亲鱼不同组织的脂肪酸组成分析

为获知棘头梅童鱼亲鱼性腺发育后期脂类及脂肪酸蓄积特点,采用内标定量法,对性腺发育至Ⅳ期的雌性棘头梅童鱼亲鱼肌肉、肝脏和卵巢组织中的脂肪及脂肪酸含量进行了测定,并比较分析了3种组织中的脂肪酸组成。结果表明:雌性棘头梅童鱼亲鱼卵巢、肝脏和肌肉中脂肪的质量分数分别为(4.84±0.05)%、(2.66±0.05)%和(0.56±0.05)%,不同组织间具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。雌性棘头梅童鱼亲鱼的卵巢、肌肉和肝脏中分别检出29种脂肪酸,含量最高的饱和脂肪酸依次为C16∶0、C18∶0和C14∶0;含量最高的单不饱和脂肪酸依次为C16∶1、C18∶1n9c和C20∶1;含量最高的多不饱和脂肪酸依次为C22∶6n3(DHA)、C20∶5n3(EPA)和C20∶4n6(ARA)。从相对含量来看,肌肉中饱和脂肪酸的质量分数为(58.22±0.24)%,显著高于肝脏(52.71±0.24)%和卵巢(36.42±0.24)%(P<0.05);卵巢中单不饱和脂肪酸的质量分数为(23.78±0.09)%,显著高于肌肉(16.15±0.07)%和肝脏(10.79±0.05)%(P<0.05);卵巢中多不饱和脂肪酸质量分数为(39.79±0.19)%,显著高于肝脏(36.49±0.21) %和肌肉(25.63±0.19)%(P<0.05)。肌肉、肝脏和卵巢中EPA和DHA的总量依次升高,质量分数分别为(19.34±0.15)%、(26.59±0.16)%和(27.78±0.13)%。卵巢、肝脏和肌肉组织中的DHA/EPA分别为1.95、2.28和1.89,n-3系和n-6系多不饱和脂肪酸的比值分别为3.29、3.81和6.25。     

南极磷虾粉脂质及脂肪酸组成分析

为分析南极磷虾粉的脂质成分,实验采用薄层层析法分离制备不同脂质组分,通过酸甲酯化衍生结合气相色谱/质谱法对不同脂质的脂肪酸组成进行比较研究.结果显示:①南极磷虾粉中脂质丰富,总脂含量高达11.37％,且以甘油三酯、磷脂和游离脂肪酸为主,胆固醇含量较低；②总脂脂肪酸主要为C16:0、C18:1n-9、C18:1n-7、C20:5n-3和C22:6n-3,且C20:5n-3和C22:6n-3占总脂肪酸含量的30.67％,表明南极磷虾粉在脂质方面具有较高的营养价值和开发潜力.③不同脂质的脂肪酸组成差异显著,胆固醇酯和甘油三酯中饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸含量均显著高于游离脂肪酸和磷脂(P＜0.05)；而游离脂肪酸和磷脂富含多不饱和脂肪酸,两者含量分别为48.50％和49.96％,远高于胆固醇酯和甘油三酯的13.11％和24.36％,具有显著差异(P＜0.05).     

The essential fatty acid requirement of milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsskal)

The essential fatty acid (EFA) requirement of milkfish was examined by a 12-week feeding trial using defined, purified diets at water temperature of 28–29°C and salinity of 32. The test diets contained varying levels of 18:0 (triglyceride form, TG), 18:3(n–3), 18:2(n–6) and (n–3) highly unsaturated fatty acids (n–3 HUFA). Milkfish juveniles were starved for 7 days and were than fed lipid-free diet for 30 days before the initiation of feeding trials. Low growth and feed efficiency together with high mortalities were observed in fish fed the lipid-free diet as well as in the EFA-deficient diet. Supplementation of 2% 18:2(n–6) to the tristearin based diet did not improve growth rate of milkfish as effectively as feeding with (n–3) fatty acids. The highest weight gain was obtained in milkfish fed a combination of 5% 18:0 + 1.0% 18:3(n–3) + 0.5% 20:5(n–3) + 0.5% 22:6(n–3) although the supplementation of 2% 18:3(n–3) alone or combination of 0.5% 20:5(n–3) + 0.5% 22:6(n–3) to the tristearin based diets were also effective for improvement of growth. Thus, (n–3) fatty acids, such as 18:3(n–3) and (n–3)HUFA were nutritionally more important than 18:2(n–6) for milkfish. The fatty acid composition of the polar lipids from whole body of milkfish juveniles fed the various test diets were influenced by the composition of the dietary fatty acids.     

Essential fatty acid requirement of juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)

Feeding experiments and laboratory analyses were conducted to establish the essential fatty acid (EFA) requirement of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Juvenile red drum were maintained in aquaria containing brackish water (5 ± 2‰ total dissolved solids) for two 6-week experiments. Semipurified diets contained a total of 70% lipid consisting of different combinations of tristearin [predominantly 18:0] and the following fatty acid ethyl esters: oleate, linoleate, linolenate, and a mixture of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) containing approximately 60% eicosapentaenoate plus docosahexaenoate. EFA-deficient diets (containing only tristearin or oleate) rapidly reduced fish growth and feed efficiency, and increased mortality. Fin erosion and a “shock syndrome” also occurred in association with EFA deficiency. Of the diets containing fatty acid ethyl esters, those with 0.5–1% (n-3) HUFA (0.3–0.6% eicosapentaenoate plus docosahexaenoate) promoted the best growth, survival, and feed efficiency; however, the control diet containing 7% menhaden fish oil provided the best performance. Excess (n-3) HUFA suppressed fish weight gain; suppression became evident at 1.5% (n-3) HUFA, and was pronounced at 2.5%. Fatty acid compositions of whole-body, muscle and liver tissues from red drum fed the various diets generally reflected dietary fatty acids, but modifications of these patterns also were evident. Levels of saturated fatty acids appeared to be regulated independent of diet. In fish fed EFA-deficient diets (containing only tristearin or oleate), monoenes increased and (n-3) HUFA were preferentially conserved in polar lipid fractions. Eicosatrienoic acid [20:3(n-9)] was not elevated in EFA-deficient red drum, apparently due to their limited ability to transform fatty acids. Red drum exhibited some limited ability to elongate and desaturate linoleic acid [18:2(n-6)] and linolenic acid [18:3(n-3)]; however, metabolism of 18:3(n-3) did not generally result in increased tissue levels of (n-3) HUFA. Based on these responses, the red drum required approximately 0.5% (n-3) HUFA in the diet (approximately 7% of dietary lipid) for proper growth and health.     

中华绒螯蟹白壳和绿壳品系成蟹可食率、类胡萝卜素含量和营养组成的比较

为了评估白壳中华绒螯蟹与广泛养殖的绿壳品系成蟹营养品质是否存在差异，本实验通过采集白壳新品系与正常绿壳品系扣蟹在相同池塘中养至性腺发育成熟的商品蟹，测定其可食率、类胡萝卜素含量和营养组成。结果显示，两种色泽中华绒螯蟹组织系数、可食率和肥满度均无显著差异；白壳品系蟹壳湿样和干样亮度值(L^*)显著高于绿壳品系，但红度值(a^*)显著低于绿壳品系，肝胰腺和卵巢色泽参数无显著差异。白壳品系蟹壳总类胡萝卜素和虾青素含量显著低于绿壳品系，但两品系肝胰腺和卵巢中类胡萝卜素含量和组成均无显著差异。两种品系可食组织部分常规生化组成含量无显著差异，但白壳雌蟹肌肉中C20:4n6比例显著高于绿壳，绿壳雌蟹肝胰腺中18:0、18:2n6和DHA/EPA比例均显著高于白壳品系。两品系肌肉中大部分氨基酸组成和必需氨基酸评分均无显著差异，白壳雌体肌肉中异亮氨酸和酪氨酸含量显著低于绿壳雌体。研究表明，白壳和绿壳品系仅蟹壳的色泽和类胡萝卜素含量方面具有显著差异，其可食率、可食组织的常规生化成分、主要类胡萝卜素含量、脂肪酸组成和氨基酸含量接近，说明白壳品系中华绒螯蟹具有较大的推广潜力。研究结果为中华绒螯蟹白壳品系种质资源评价和进一步选育提供理论依据。     

Seasonal variation in docosahexaenoic acid content in horse mackerel caught in the East China Sea

ABSTRACT:   The fatty acid composition in horse mackerel caught off Nagasaki, off Tsushima Island, and in the middle of the East China Sea was investigated. The ratios of monoenoic and polyenoic acids to the total fatty acids in the Nagasaki and bull trawl catch specimens had a negative correlation. The docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) ratios of total fatty acids in summer-caught specimens were lower than those in winter-caught specimens, and this tendency was significantly clearer in smaller-sized fish, while DHA levels in tissues varied little throughout the year. Consistently high levels of DHA were found in various fishing areas, which suggests that horse mackerel offers a stable source of DHA.     

西藏拟溞营养成分的分析与评价

对采自西藏纳木卡错并驯养于稀释海水（盐度20）中的西藏拟溞（Daphniopsis tibetana Sars）一般生化组成、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成进行测定,与蒙古裸腹溞（Moina mongolica）、淡水裸腹溞（Moina spp.）、日本虎斑猛水蚤（Tigiopus japonica）、褶皱臂尾轮虫（Brachionus plicatilis）和卤虫（Artemia）进行比较.结果表明,西藏拟溞的氨基酸和组成与上述饵料生物基本相似,18种氨基酸占蛋白质含量的69.68%,其中异亮氨酸、苏氨酸、蛋氨酸和组氨酸的含量均明显高于上述饵料生物,蛋氨酸的含量最高,达3.64%,完全能满足鱼虾生长对必需氨基酸的需要.西藏拟溞的主要脂肪酸为C16：0、C16：3、C18：1ω9、C18：2ω6和C18：ω3,不饱和脂肪酸含量高达71.58%,C18：2ω6和C18：3ω3含量分别达到9.97%和26.52%.EPA（C20：5ω3）和AA（C20：4ω6）的含量分别为1.41%和0.63%.从营养成分的角度进行评价,西藏拟溞经一定的营养强化后将成为一种很有前途的海淡水仔稚鱼虾的活饵料.[中国水产科学,2006,13（3）：446-451]     

Lipid-stimulated somatostatin secretion in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss

Previous work has shown that somatostatins (SS) affect teleost lipid metabolism indirectly by inhibition of insulin (INS) and directly by stimulation of hepatic lipolysis. In the present study, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were used to characterize further the lipid-SS relationship by evaluating how lipid, contributes to SS secretion bothin vivo andin vitro. In vivo hyperlipidemia was induced for up to 3 h by short-term (2 min) infusion of a triacylglycerol (TG)-rich lipid emulsion (20% Intralipid^®). Plasma total lipid concentration increased 118 and 155% over control levels 1 h and 3 h, respectively, after infusion; much of this increase was due to elevated plasma fatty acids (FA), which increased 39 and 520%, respectively, over the same time-frame. The hyperlipidemic pattern was attended by a significant increase in the plasma concentration of SS. The specific effects of fatty acids were evaluated on isolated Brockmann bodies. Palmitic acid and oleic acid stimulated SS release 378 and 82%, respectively, over baseline levels. These results indicate that lipids, and in particular fatty acids, modulate SS secretion in rainbow trout.     

Nutritional Quality and Safety of the Important Commercial Cuttlefish Sepia lycidas

Proximate composition, amino acid, fatty acid composition, and contaminants (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) of the kisslip cuttlefish Sepia lycidas were determined and compared with the recommendations and maximum allowed levels. The ratio of essential amino acids (EAA) to nonessential amino acids (NEAA) was 0.82. All of the amino acid scores were > 100, except for valine (93), and the highest essential amino acid score was obtained for tryptophan (327). The fatty acids profile was dominated by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; 45.01% of total fatty acids), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 24.54% of total fatty acids) was the dominant fatty acid. S. lycidas was rich in n-3 PUFA, and the ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFA was 2.48. Regarding contaminants, As, Cd, and Pb concentrations in S. lycidas were 2.2, 0.28, and 0.02 mg kg^?1, respectively. Moreover, Hg values were below the detection limit (0.01 mg kg^?1).     

细角螺肌肉氨基酸及脂肪酸组成分析

测定了细角螺(Hemifusus termatamus)腹足部肌肉的氨基酸含量与脂肪酸组成,并与方斑东风螺(Babylonia areolata)、管角螺(Hemifusus tuba)、棘角螺(Hemifusus kawamurai)和鲐鱼(Pneumatophorus japonicus)进行了比较。结果显示,细角螺肌肉中检出17种氨基酸,总含量为肌肉干重的81.03%,高于鲐鱼(79.86%)、方斑东风螺(66.45%)、管角螺(56.94%)和棘角螺(64.42%);肌肉中4种呈味氨基酸(天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸)的含量为38.49%,占氨基酸总量的47.50%;8种必需氨基酸(EAA)总含量为38.49%,占氨基酸总量的46.94%。细角螺肌肉中共检出20种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸的含量为65.25%,不饱和脂肪酸的含量为34.75%,不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸含量的比值为0.53,低于方斑东风螺(1.15)、管角螺(1.13)和棘角螺(0.69),高于鲐鱼(0.37)。结果表明,细角螺肌肉中必需氨基酸与不饱和脂肪酸含量较丰富,具有较高的营养价值,是一种较为理想的食物蛋白与脂肪来源。     

鳗鲡脂肪酸组成和胆固醇含量分析

对日本鳗鲡（Anguilla japonica）、欧洲鳗鲡（Anguilla anguilla）及其制品烤鳗进行胆固醇、脂肪含量和脂肪酸组成分析。结果表明，鳗鲡的胆固醇含量与其他鱼类接近，日本鳗鲡和欧洲鳗鲡及其烤鳗制品的胆固醇质量比分别为0.852、0.832mg/g和1.15、1.12mg/g。鳗鲡各食用部位中除腹部的胆固醇较高外，其他部位没有明显差异。鳗鲡的脂肪质量分数16％-24％，日本鳗鲡和欧洲鳗鲡高度不饱和脂肪酸质量分数分别为18.9％和19.0％，EPA DHA质量比分别为22.66mg/g和29.27mg/g。     

A study of the arachidonic acid requirements of the giant tiger prawn, Penaues monodon

This study examined the dietary requirement of arachidonic acid (ARA) when that of linoleic acid (LOA), the natural precursor to ARA, was also satisfied with linolenic acid (LNA) and also with and without the other key dietary highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA). Growth by prawns fed diets supplemented with ARA was poorer than in diets where it was not present. Supplementation of ARA to diets with either optimized HUFA or just optimised poly unsaurated fatty acids (PUFA) (i.e. LOA, LNA) resulted in poorer growth. Growth was poorest by prawns (215 ± 13%) fed diets with ARA supplemented at 20% of the total fatty acids but including 7% LOA, 21% LNA and 4% of both eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Growth was best in prawns fed diets devoid of ARA but with 7% LOA and 21% LNA (350 ± 19%). Prawns fed the reference diet (348 ± 21%) and the other diet devoid of ARA but containing about 7% LOA, 21% LNA and 4% of both EPA and DHA (345 ± 18%) had similar growth. The growth responses were not effects of altered lipid or fatty acid digestibilities. Indeed supplementation of ARA to the diet marginally improved the digestibility of the total neutral lipid in the diet and the digestibilities of some other dietary fatty acids. The amount of lipid in the digestive glands of prawns fed with the diets was reduced by the inclusion of ARA in the dietary lipids. Composition of the lipids in the digestive gland (DG) of the prawns was almost directly related to the composition of their dietary lipids. The proportion of ARA in the total fatty acids increased with level of supplementation of dietary ARA. An increased level of dietary ARA reduced the proportion of EPA, DHA in the DG lipid and also the total n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids in the DG lipid. The results of this study support that addition of ARA to the diet of Penaues monodon when the other key essential fatty acids (EFA) have been optimized, does not improve their growth performance. It is suggested that key cause for this response may lie in the importance of the balance of the n‐3 to n‐6 fatty acids in the diet of these animals.