几种添加液对亚心形扁藻生长的影响

运用单种培养的方法研究了海泥抽取液、腐化鱼汁、人尿三种营养添加液对亚心形扁藻生长的影响.结果表明:在培养液中添加一定量的海泥抽取液、腐化鱼汁或人尿均对亚心形扁藻的生长有促进作用.经过8天培养,试验组藻细胞密度分别是对照组的1.14倍、1.29倍和1.32倍.可见,在亚心形扁藻培养液中添加一定量的海泥抽取液、腐化鱼汁或人尿均可获得更好的培养效果.     

波吉卵囊藻对重金属铬的耐受性研究

为了研究波吉卵囊藻对重金属铬的耐受性,向波吉卵囊藻(Oocystis borgei)培养液中加入不同质量浓度的重铬酸钾,铬(Ⅵ)浓度依次为:0、2.5、5.0、7.5、10.0、12.5、15.0 mg/L。每天定时测定波吉卵囊藻藻细胞密度、叶绿素a含量以及藻蛋白含量。结果表明波吉卵囊藻在铬浓度≤5.0 mg/L时,随着培养时间的增长,藻细胞密度、叶绿素a含量和蛋白含量均增加,且高于空白对照组指标;波吉卵囊藻在铬离子浓度5.0~7.5 mg/L时,随着培养时间的增长,藻细胞密度增多,叶绿素a含量增加;铬离子浓度≤7.5 mg/L时,蛋白含量随着铬离子浓度的增加;也相应增加;波吉卵囊藻在铬离子浓度10.0 mg/L时,随着培养时间的增长,藻细胞密度不变,叶绿素a含量与蛋白含量增加显著小于空白组。实验得出低浓度铬(Ⅵ)(≤5.0 mg/L)能够促进波吉卵囊藻生长,提高藻胆蛋白和叶绿素a含量,当铬(Ⅵ)浓度超过7.5 mg/L时,藻胆蛋白含量降低,波吉卵囊藻生长受到抑制,并且随着铬离子浓度的增加,抑制作用增大;总体而言,铬离子对波吉卵囊藻生长表现为双重作用,波吉卵囊藻对铬有一定的耐受性。     

沼泽红假单胞菌对波吉卵囊藻常温保存效果的影响

波吉卵囊藻（Oocystis borgei）是亚热带对虾高位池养殖水体常见的优势种,对于稳定池塘生态结构,保持良好水体环境具有重要的意义.研究常温下波吉卵囊藻的保存效果有利于波吉卵囊藻的简易保存和虾类养殖的直接投入使用,以便推动水产养殖行业的微藻生态调控.在25℃、30℃和35℃下研究了不同沼泽红假单胞菌（Rhodopseudomonas palustris）浓度对波吉卵囊藻保存效果的影响.结果显示,在25℃、30℃和35℃下波吉卵囊藻保存的成活率、叶绿素a（Chl-a）质量浓度,以及恢复培养后的比增长率和ρ（Chl-a）与沼泽红假单胞菌添加浓度呈正相关,1.94×10^6个·mL-为最佳浓度;25℃为最适保存温度,但是在30℃下保存后恢复生长时发现比增长率要比25℃下保存的高（0.432）.因此,25℃下添加沼泽红假单胞菌浓度为1.94×10^6个·mL^-1时波吉卵囊藻的保存效果最佳,成活率达到87.5％,p（Chl-a）为31.14 μg·L^-1,经恢复培养后比增长率为0.424,p（Chl-a）为55.94 μg·L^-1.     

蜡样芽孢杆菌对对虾养殖水体微藻群落的调控研究

运用实验生态学方法分析了溶藻细菌——蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)CZBC1对对虾养殖水体微藻群落的影响。根据用菌量,实验分为J0组(不施菌)、J3组(用菌量3.00×10~3CFU·m L~(-1))和J5组(用菌量3.00×105CFU·m L~(-1)),每组3个平行,各实验水体优势种绿色颤藻(Oscillatoria chlorine)和波吉卵囊藻(Oocystis borgei)的初始优势度为64.14%和16.42%,实验周期15 d。结果显示,经过15 d的实验,J0组绿色颤藻优势度显著高于J3组和J5组(P0.01),波吉卵囊藻优势度显著低于J3组和J5组(P0.01)。其中,J0组绿色颤藻优势度升高至81.86%,J3组和J5组则分别降低至16.7%和14.6%;J0组波吉卵囊藻优势度降低至3.13%,J3组和J5组则分别升高至32.42%和47.14%。J0组、J3组和J5组对虾死亡率在第6天时分别为82.2%、46.7%和31.1%,J0组显著高于J3组和J5组(P0.01),第15天时J0组仍然高于J3组和J5组。可见,CZBC1可有效抑制绿色颤藻(蓝藻)的生长,从而为波吉卵囊藻(绿藻)占据生态优势提供有利空间,为养殖对虾提供良好的水生态环境。     

水体环境因子对波吉卵囊藻亚硝酸盐氮吸收速率的影响

利用稳定同位素示踪剂,通过正交实验,研究了温度、光照度、盐度、pH、藻浓度对波吉卵囊藻(Ocystisborgei)亚硝酸盐氮吸收速率的影响。结果表明:温度、光照度、pH和藻浓度对波吉卵囊藻亚硝酸盐氮吸收率影响显著(P<0.05)。当温度25℃、光照度4 500 lx、pH 7.5、藻浓度4.5×105个/mL时,波吉卵囊藻对亚硝酸盐氮平均吸收速率分别为0.106μg N/(g.h)、0.118μg N/(g.h)、0.129μg N/(g.h)和0.129μg N/(g.h),显著高于其他组。单因素方差分析显示,此为波吉卵囊藻吸收亚硝酸盐氮的最优组合。通过对藻浓度的调控,可以提高波吉卵囊藻对水体中亚硝酸盐氮的吸收速率,改善虾池养殖环境,促进健康养殖。     

两种微藻在无菌和带菌状态下生长特点比较研究

对无菌和带菌的波吉卵囊藻(Oocystis borge)和小球藻(Chlorella sp.)生长特点进行比较研究,并且研究光照和盐度对无菌和带菌的波吉卵囊藻和小球藻生长的影响.结果表明:与带菌藻相比,无菌藻更加稳定,不易老化. 光照和盐度对无菌和带菌的波吉卵囊藻和小球藻的生长均有显著影响(P<0.05),但在相同条件下,无菌和带菌藻的增殖率差异不显著(P>0.05).这说明可以直接利用无菌化微藻代替自然带菌藻进行微藻的生理特征以及微藻与其它生物之间关系的研究.     

波吉卵囊藻对养殖水体溶解态氮吸收规律的研究

利用15N稳定同位素标记物,研究在不同盐度下波吉卵囊藻(Oocystis borgei)对溶解态氮的吸收速率和选择性。结果表明:盐度对波吉卵囊藻氮吸收速率影响显著(P<0.05)。当盐度为15时,波吉卵囊藻对氨氮(NH4+-N)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO2--N)、硝酸盐氮(NO3--N)等均有较大的吸收速率,分别为1.69、0.112、0.028μgN/(g.h);盐度为30时,对尿素氮(Urea-N)有较大的吸收速率,为0.074μg N/(g.h)。不同盐度下,波吉卵囊藻对4种溶解性氮的选择性吸收的先后顺序为:氨氮>亚硝酸盐氮>尿素氮>硝酸盐氮。因此,可通过在对虾养殖环境中接种波吉卵囊藻,以吸收水体中过高浓度的氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮,改善虾池养殖水质,促进健康生态养殖。     

固定化微藻对养殖对虾细菌数量的影响

以固定化技术为基础,人工制成微藻藻珠,引入波吉卵囊藻(Oocystisborgeisnow)和微绿球藻(Nannochloropsis oculata)于凡纳对虾(Litopenaeusvannamei)养殖环境中,采用直接计数法研究了养殖水体、对虾肌肉、对虾肝胰脏中异养菌及弧菌的数量变化。结果表明,引入藻珠能抑制异养菌和弧菌的生长,并能改善水质。试验末期,试验1、2、3组水样中弧菌数量分别降低了95%、95%、81.7%,异养菌数量降低了72.3%、77.1%、95.6%。可见固定化微藻在一定程度上能改善虾池细菌生态系,有助于预防对虾疾病。     

菹草对小球藻和卵囊藻的形态化感效应研究

研究生态修复过程中沉水植物对藻类的影响,为水生态修复提供理论依据。选用常见沉水植物菹草(Potamogeton crispus)研磨液为培养液,对常见绿藻普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)和卵囊藻(Oocystis sp.)开展室内模拟试验培养,通过绿藻生长和形态特征的变化,了解新鲜菹草是否对普通小球藻和卵囊藻存在一定的化感效应。研究结果表明,菹草对普通小球藻和卵囊藻的生长均未呈现显著抑制效应;普通小球藻对菹草具有形态响应,一次性添加的菹草研磨液在试验初期显著促进普通小球藻群体的形成,随着时间的推移,群体普通小球藻逐渐裂开转化为小群体或者是单细胞;试验结果还表明,菹草对卵囊藻形态无显著影响。     

盐度和草药野马追对中国明对虾生长的影响

经5周饲养,研究了盐度(10、30)和草药野马追(0、0.1%、0.2%、0.4%、0.8%、1.6%、3.2%)对中国明对虾生长的影响。试验结果表明,野马追及盐度和野马追交互作用显著地影响明对虾的终末质量、特定生长率、摄食量和饲料系数。在2个盐度水平,随饲料中野马追添加量的升高,中国明对虾特定生长率、摄食量和吸收效率均呈上升趋势,当到达最大值后,中国明对虾特定生长率、摄食量和吸收效率随着野马追添加量的升高而下降;而饲料系数呈下降趋势,达到最小值后,然后上升。     

Estimation of variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum by survival analysis of experimental infection of salmonid fish

The variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum , the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonid fish, was studied by infecting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with two isolates (strains 325 and 932) from diseased Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and one isolate (strain 4366) from an apparently healthy Atlantic salmon. Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), were injected with the strain 932 to estimate difference in fish species resistance. Fish were removed by random sampling for other study purposes, a study design possible with analysis of lifetime distributions incorporating both sampling-, death- and survival-times. At the end of the experiment, the rainbow trout infected with strains 325, 932 and 4366 had a survival probability of 33%, 51% and 72%, respectively. The coho salmon infected with strain 932 had a 26% survival probability. The strain differences were significant according to the log-rank test, and the risk ratio between the strains ranged from 1·8 to 5·4. The strain from the apparently healthy fish was least virulent. The survival of the fish species was different over time. Rainbow trout were more likely to die early in the time course, but high numbers of coho died later, resulting in an overall risk of mortality of 1·4 in favour of rainbow trout. Differences in virulence may reflect changed selective pressure on R. salmoninarum when introduced from feral stocks into the environment of fish farms.     

母猪胎衣不下的病因与防治要点

猪的胎盘属于弥散型胎盘,这种胎盘的结构特点和饲养管理的不当,常常导致母猪胎衣不下发生,给生猪的生产繁殖带来极大损失。本文针对母猪胎衣不下发生病因、综合防治进行详细阐述,旨在对预防和治疗胎衣不下能有所帮助。     

水硬度对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼发育的影响

采用不同硬度的水对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼进行饲养。6周龄幼鱼在硬度为7.94°dH±0.30°dH时饲养84d后,比在硬度为14.71°dH±0.23°dH水中的幼鱼个体大,生长速度快。表明较高硬度的水有利于七彩神仙鱼幼鱼的生长发育。     

虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄营养成分分析

本实验对虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄的营养成分进行分析,旨在探讨其幼体的营养需求量,为其幼体配合饲料研制提供参考数据。随机选取大约800个虎斑乌贼受精卵的卵黄,采用国家标准方法测定其水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素含量。结果表明:1)虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄中粗蛋白质含量为76.33%(干重基础);总氨基酸(TAA)和必需氨基酸(EAA)含量分别为71.22%和32.38%(干重基础),EAA/TAA为45.46%,氨基酸中以谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高(9.97%),必需氨基酸中亮氨酸(Leu)含量最高(7.58%)。2)其粗脂肪含量12.71%(干重基础);共检出17种脂肪酸,包括8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、5种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),SFA、MUFA和PUFA分别占脂肪酸总量的43.47%、7.54%和49.25%,其中以DHA含量最高,达32.80%,EPA含量为7.70%,DHA/EPA为4.26。3)检测出Na、K、Ca、Mg、Sr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Al和As 矿物元素,微量元素中富含Zn、Al和Fe,含量分别为 0.77、0.71和0.43 mg/kg(鲜重基础)。由此可见,卵黄具有高蛋白、低脂肪,富含n-3PUFA的特点;虎斑乌贼幼体饲料中蛋白质需求量参考值为76.33%;氨基酸需求量参考值,如赖氨酸(Lys)为5.49%,蛋氨酸(Met)为2.63%;脂肪的需求量参考值为12.71%,DHA为4.17%,EPA为0.98%;微量元素需求量参考值,如Zn为2.77 mg/kg,Cu为0.19 mg/kg(干重基础)。     

Characterization of protease inhibitors of seminal plasma of cyprinids

Anti-proteinase activity was demonstrated in the seminal plasma of cyprinid fish species (bream, chub, ide, dace, asp, goldfish, roach, common carp) using electrophoretic techniques combined with a detection method based on inhibition of bovine trypsin. We found species-specific protease inhibitors in the seminal plasma of cyprinids. At least three bands of protease inhibitors with different migration rates could be identified by native PAGE. Higher variability was characterized for bands with slower migration rates. Visualization of inhibitors after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions allowed estimation of their molecular weights. Apparent molecular weights were within the range of 51–59 and 47–54 kDa for the bands with slower and moderate migration rates, respectively. The molecular weight of fast migration bands for roach and common carp were estimated to 23 and 30 kDa, respectively. Inhibitors of common carp seminal plasma differed in their affinity toward serine proteases. Three inhibitors in common carp seminal plasma could be visualized using cod and bovine trypsin, but only two inhibitors (of high molecular weight) were recognized with chymotrypsin. There were differences in anti-proteinase activity and seminal plasma protein concentration in relation to the origin of common carp seminal plasma (breeding lines) and time of milt collection (spawning vs. post-spawning season).     

鱼类热忍耐温度研究进展

The paper is a review of the studies on the temperature of the thermal tolerance in fishes. It was described from four aspect: (1) The key parameters of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (2) The influence factors of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (3) The research methods of thermal effect of fishes; (4) The evaluation of effects of thermal pollution on fishes, especially, with the coastal power station will be‘built in China recent years, the effects of thermal discharge water on the marine fisheries resource wered iscussed.     

Histopathology of respiratory organs of certain air-breathing fishes of India

Air-breathing fishes have evolved bimodal respiratory mechanisms for exploitation of water (through gills and highly vascularized skin) as well as atmospheric air (through aerial respiratory organs, ABO). Mucous cells in these respiratory organs of variously stressed fishes exhibit periodic fluctuations in their density and staining properties. The main types of damage in the gills include congestion of blood capillaries (BLCs), periodic lifting and sloughing of respiratory epithelia of the secondary lamellae causing haemorrhage, extensive fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia due to uncontrolled regeneration leading to asphyxiation, altered excretion, and death of the fish. Haemolysis has also been observed following lead exposure. The damage in the ABO of Heteropneustes fossilis includes sloughing of the epithelial cells, leading to haemorrhage causing decreased red blood corpuscles density and degeneration of the secondary gill lamellae with reduced respiratory area. Subsequent hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia and fusion of gill lamellae increase the respiratory barrier distance. The BLCs often bulge out and protrude into the lumen, bringing blood nearer to air. The ladder-like pillar cell (PLC)-BLC components of the gill lamellae frequently collapse. Damage to the ABO of Channa striata is less severe. Often haemorrhaging due to bursting of extensively stretched BLCs causes aerial respiratory failure. Chloride cells of the ABOs also show hyperplasia. While the highly mucogenic epidermis of C. striata shows less damage, the epidermis of Clarias batrachus and H. fossilis shows severe wear and tear, sloughing, and haemorrhage. Side-by-side regeneration continues, causing altered histomorphology of the epidermis. The different gland cells also show periodic fluctuations in their density and staining. The dermis also shows severe damage with loosening of their connective tissue fibres. These fibres give stronger reactions for sulfated mucin that not only retain additional water molecules for continuance of skin breathing, but also bind the toxic ambient pollutants.     

牙鲆刺激隐核虫病的防治

2005年七、八月份,乐亭、滦南一带多家工厂化牙鲆养殖场发生刺激隐核虫病,此种病虫害发病急、传染快、死亡率高。发生过该病的养殖场牙鲆死亡率一般都在50％～80％之间,这种病害给牙鲆养殖业带来很大损失。     

脂质体介导的鲫CAB细胞转化及转化细胞的核移植

采用脂质体法成功地使gfp基因转入鲫囊胚细胞株CAB细胞基因组，获得了具有G418抗性的细胞。以转化细胞为供体，银鲫卵为受体，核移植得到了转基因的囊胚和原肠胚；并发现4℃处理细胞24h能显著改善核移植胚胎的发育。     

金鳟、虹鳟苗种长途运输实例

鳟鱼发眼卵和旨种运输是养鳟生产的重要环节。发眼卵多在冬季和早春运输，苗种多在晚春和夏季运输。苗种运输大多以鱼篓充氧进行短距离汽车运输，长途运输冷水性鱼苗种的实例很少。本文总结了金鳟和虹鳟苗种长途运输方法，以期与养鳟业界共同交流提高。一、包装材料和方法内包装材料是苗种运输专用塑料袋，规格54×104cm，外包装是泡沫塑料箱，规格63.5×45.5×30．5cm，纸箱规格64×46×32．5cm。塑料袋采取双层式，内装苗种和水共12.5kg，其中苗种0.5-1．3kg，100－2000尾。起运前苗种停食1－2天。运鱼用水水温调至6℃，鱼、水入袋后袋内…