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1.
运用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法研究了中国绿螂鳃、足、肝胰腺、外套膜、精巢和卵巢6种组织中ADH、MDH、ME、LDH、α-AMY、G6PD、SOD、SDH、EST和ACP同工酶的分化表达模式。除MDH外,其它同工酶具有明显的组织特异性。6种组织中肝胰腺同工酶系统最完善,具备所检测的10种同工酶,并且酶活性也最强,与其担任的重要生理功能相适应。精巢和卵巢组织中的同工酶表达有较大差异。  相似文献   

2.
三疣梭子蟹野生群体同工酶的遗传多态性分析   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
采用聚丙烯酰胺不连续凝胶垂直电泳技术对三疣梭子蟹野生群体的同工酶进行检测.分析了48个样本的11种同工酶在三疣梭子蟹肌肉中的表达情况.11种同工酶(MDH、LDH、ME、SOD、 EST、SDH、IDH、ADH、POD、CAT、AAT)共检测出20个基因座位,其中Me-2、Sod-3、Cat-3、Ldh-2共4个座位呈多态(P0.99),多态座位百分数P为20%.平均每个座位的有效等位基因数目Ae为1.230,预期杂合度He为0.094,实际杂合度Ho为0.175.同时还分析了三疣梭子蟹4个多态座位的Hardy-Weinberg遗传偏离指数d.与日本绒螯蟹、中华绒螯蟹等相比,三疣梭子蟹野生群体的遗传多样性水平较高,种质资源还处于较好的状态.  相似文献   

3.
以日本虫寻为研究材料,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳方法,分析了肌肉、眼球、鳃、心脏和肝胰腺5种器官或组织中LDH、ADH、MDH、ACP、AKP、GDH、R-AMY、α-AMY、MEP、EST和SOD共11种同工酶的表达情况。日本虫寻体内同工酶的表达具有明显的组织特异性。在实验中共检测了38个位点,其中Adh、Est-3、M ep-5、α-Amy-1、sMdh-3和Akp-4共6个多态位点,多态位点比例为15.79%,平均杂合度为0.09。  相似文献   

4.
鄱阳湖日本沼虾幼体发育及其同工酶研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
对鄱阳湖日本沼虾(Macrobrachiumnipponensis)幼体发育的5个阶段即Z0、Z1、Z3、Z5~Z6及Z9~Z11期进行观察,分析乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、酯酶(EST)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)同工酶谱带变化。结果表明,各期间幼体形态均有明显变化,幼体蜕皮次数随发育快慢不同,发育快的需9次蜕皮完成变态发育过程,慢的则需14次;LDH酶谱在5个发育阶段各有5条带,仅酶活性有强弱变化;EST酶谱不仅条带数从2条增加到9条,酶活性也有明显变化,EST1和EST3在5个阶段都出现,且酶活性逐渐升高;MDH酶谱共出现6条带,MDH1和MDH4分布延伸时间跨度大,酶活性高,可看作主带。因此日本沼虾变态发育过程中同工酶谱带随变态发育而变化,反映了不同组织器官细胞组成和不同组织中不同同工酶的活性和出现顺序,可作为鉴别种属特异性和发育阶段特异性的一项生化指标。  相似文献   

5.
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳法对蓝色鳞鲤(Cyprinus carpio blue var)进行同工酶分析。结果表明:在蓝色鳞鲤的眼睛、肌肉、肝脏、心脏、肾脏5种组织中,14种酶(LDH、ADH、GDH、MDH、G-6-PDH、EST、POD、SDH、FDH、SOD、α-AMY、CAT、COX、ME)的同工酶谱均存在明显的组织特异性。14种酶共记录出33个基因位点,其中α-Amy-2、Cox-2、Est-1、Ldh-1、Mdh-1、Mdh-2和Sod-1为多态位点。蓝色鳞鲤群体的多态位点百分数为21.21%(P0.99),平均预期杂合度和平均实际杂合度分别为0.1079和0.2121,遗传偏离指数(d)值为正。平均有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.24。实验表明,目前蓝色鳞鲤群体的种质资源状况尚好,表现出明显的杂交优势。  相似文献   

6.
三疣梭子蟹野生群体同工酶遗传多态性分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
三疣梭子蟹野生群体同工酶的遗传多态性分析=Isozyme polymorphism in Portunus trituberculatus from wild population [刊,中]/高保全(中国海洋大学生命科学与技术学部,青岛266003),刘萍,李健,戴芳钰//水产学报,—2007,31(1).-1~6 采用聚丙烯酰胺不连续凝胶垂直电泳技术对三疣梭子蟹野生群体的同工酶进行检测。分析了48个样本的11种同工酶在三疣梭子蟹肌肉中的表达情况。11种同工酶(MDH、LDH、ME、SOD、 EST、SDH、IDH、ADH、POD、CAT、AAT)共检测出20个基因座位,其中Me-2、Sod-3、Cat-3、Ldh-2共4个座位呈多态(P0.99),多态座位百分数P为20%。平均每个座位的有效等位基因数目Ae为1.230,预期杂合度He为0.094,实际杂合度Ho为0.175。同时还分析了三疣梭子蟹4个多态座位的Hardy-Weinberg遗传偏离指数d。与日本绒螯蟹、中华绒螯蟹等相比,三疣梭子蟹野生群体的遗传多样性水平较高,种质资源还处于较好的状态。图1表3参22 关键词:三疣梭子蟹;野生群体;同工酶;多态性 E-mail:liuping@ysfri.ac.cn  相似文献   

7.
以日本蟳为研究材料,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳方法,分析了肌肉、眼球、鳃、心脏和肝胰腺5种器官或组织中LDH、ADH、MDH、ACP、AKP、GDH、R-AMY、α-AMY、MEP、EST和SOD共11种同工酶的表达情况.日本蟳体内同工酶的表达具有明显的组织特异性.在实验中共检测了38个位点,其中Adh、Est-3、Mep-5、α-Amy-1、sMdh-3和Akp-4共6个多态位点,多态位点比例为15.79%,平均杂合度为0.09.将发育至卵裂期的金鱼胚胎暴露于不同浓度的微囊藻毒素中,结果显示,金鱼胚胎的孵化率逐渐降低,而畸形率升高,且毒素致畸的半数有效质量浓度EC50=2 866.2μg/L.主要畸形症状是:胚体浑浊、模糊或自行解体,弯体,弯尾,孵化异常,卵黄破裂逸出等.  相似文献   

8.
运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法结合酶的特异性染色方法对美国虹鳟5种组织(眼睛、心脏、肾脏、肝脏和肌肉)的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、酯酶(EST)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G-6-PDH)、过氧化物酶(POD)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)、α-淀粉酶(α-AMY)和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)7种同工酶进行了初步研究,并对7种酶的同工酶位点及酶谱表型进行了分析。结果表明:美国虹鳟LDH、EST、G-6-PDH、POD、GDH和MDH存在不同程度的组织特异性,而α-AMY则无明显组织差异。EST由8个基因位点编码;LDH酶带多于典型的5条酶带;MDH具有线粒体型(m-MDH)和上清液型(s-MDH)两种类型;共记录了24个基因座位,其中5个为多态座位,多态座位比例为20.83%,有效等位基因数为1.4167,表明美国虹鳟的遗传多样性居较高水平。  相似文献   

9.
两种壳色虾夷扇贝的同工酶分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
采用不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直电泳技术对两种壳色虾夷扇贝的闭壳肌进行了同工酶检测分析与比较。8种同工酶(MDH、ADH、ME、SOD、EST、GDH、SDH和α-AMY)共检测出17个位点,其中白色贝有7个多态位点,褐色贝有6个多态位点,多态位点(P0.99)的比例分别为41.18%和35.29%,白色贝和褐色贝平均每个位点的等位基因有效数目(Ac)分别为1.1421和1.1040,预期杂合度分别(Hc)为0.0919和0.0674,实际杂合度(Ho)分别为0.1275和0.0907,多态位点的遗传偏离指数表明,白色贝具有更高的遗传变异水平和多样性水平。住点Est-3可以作为鉴定白色贝和褐色贝的特异性蛋白质分子标记。  相似文献   

10.
象山缢蛏养殖群体和野生群体遗传多样性的比较   总被引:19,自引:1,他引:18       下载免费PDF全文
于2001年4月,在浙江象山港虾塘和象山外海滩涂分别采集100个缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta Lamarck)样品,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,分析了2个群体各38个样本的EST、ADH、MDH、IDH、ME、LDH、GDH、SOD、SDH、ATP等10种同工酶,分别记录了30、29个基因位点。其中s-MDH-1、SDH、s—ME、ATP-1、ATP-2等5个位点为多态位点。象山野生缢蛏群体的多态位点比例(17.24%)和群体平均杂合度观察值(0.0377)都明显高于养殖群体(16.67%,0.0314)。结果表明,与其他贝类比较缢蛏象山养殖和象山野生群体拥有较低的遗传变异水平,其中象山野生群体比养殖群体遗传变异水平高。  相似文献   

11.
12.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

13.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
16.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

17.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

19.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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