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1.
为了研究混养三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)和鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)对池塘养殖水体微生物群落结构的影响,分别在浙江海盐、江西九江、上海浦东开展了罗氏沼虾-三角帆蚌混养、草鱼—三角帆蚌混养、罗氏沼虾-三角帆蚌-鲢鳙鱼混养三组系列实验。利用DGGE技术对养殖水体的16S r DNA进行指纹图谱分析。三组实验共鉴定出57条不同条带,每组实验中混养三角帆蚌或鲢鳙实验组的平均条带数均高于单养水体水样平均条带数。Shannon多样性指数分析结果显示,各养殖水体混养三角帆蚌、鲢鳙后,多样性指数均有所增加。PCA分析和DGGE聚类结果显示,在无鲢鳙的情况下,蚌与主养物种(罗氏沼虾、草鱼)混养实验组的16S r DNA图谱聚为一类,显示出蚌对于微生物群落结构影响的贡献;在同时引入鲢鳙和蚌的情况下,16S r DNA指纹图谱则是按照有无鲢鳙聚为两类,提示在本实验中鲢鳙对于水体微生物的影响要大于蚌。对DGGE图谱其中20条显著条带进行回收、测序和系统发育分析,结果表明,所获序列主要分属于放线菌门(Actinobacteria,25%)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria,25%)、α-变形菌亚门(Alphaproteobacteria,15%)、β-变形菌亚门(Betaproteobacteria,15%)、γ-变形菌亚门(Gammaproteobacteria,10%)、ε-变形菌亚门(Epsilonproteobacteria,5%)、裸藻叶绿体(Euglenales,5%)。  相似文献   

2.
为了研究养殖沙塘鳢(Odontobutis obscurus)对稻田水体及底泥的微生物群落结构及多样性的影响,2015年于浙江海盐江南四阡现代农业公司进行了沙塘鳢的稻田养殖实验,利用DGGE(Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis)技术对养殖过程中的稻田水体及底泥中细菌的16S r DNA片段进行指纹图谱分析。DGGE条带测序分析结果显示:稻田水体及底泥共检测到包括α-变形菌亚门(Alphaproteobacteria)、β-变形菌亚门(Betaproteobacteria)、γ-变形菌亚门(Gammaproteobacteria)、δ-变形菌亚门(Deltaproteobacteria)、ε-变形菌亚门(Epsilonproteobacteria)、绿菌门(Chlorobi)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)等细菌门类。多样性分析结果显示,养殖沙塘鳢的稻田底泥微生物DGGE条带数多于常规养殖稻田,养殖稻田的底泥Shannon多样性指数2.86,显著高于常规稻田的2.27,同时养殖稻田养殖沟底泥的Shannon多样性指数随养殖时间由2.56变化到2.16。PCA(Principal Component Analysis)及DGGE聚类分析结果显示,养殖稻田的水体及底泥微生物群落结构与常规稻田存在较大差异。结果表明,稻田养殖环境的微生态条件可能优于常规稻田。  相似文献   

3.
栉孔扇贝消化盲囊细菌群落组成的季节变化分析   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
杨彩霞  李赟  张婧宇  王崇明 《水产学报》2012,36(10):1579-1584
为分析栉孔扇贝消化盲囊内细菌群落组成及其季节变化,于2009年6月—2010年6月(2月份除外)定期从青岛沙子口流清河湾扇贝养殖海区采集养殖的2龄栉孔扇贝,采用SDS方法提取消化盲囊的总DNA,并通过引物358f和907r采用PCR扩增细菌16S rDNA的V3~V5区序列,利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE)分离所得扩增序列。DGGE图谱显示,12个月份的样品共有不同位置的谱带11条,其中9条谱带作为共有谱带在所有月份的栉孔扇贝消化盲囊中均有分布,占总谱带数的81.82%,表明整个养殖季节栉孔扇贝消化盲囊内的细菌群落组成相对稳定。对11条DGGE条带进行切胶回收、PCR扩增、纯化、克隆后测序,其中9条谱带克隆测序成功。经BLAST比对搜索,结果显示9条序列与NCBI数据库中的序列相似性达97%~99%,所代表的细菌分别属于4大类群,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria);NCBI数据库中与其相近的细菌主要为马赛菌属(Massilia)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、微小杆菌属(Exiguobacterium)、聚球藻属(Synechococcus)、红球菌属(Rhodococcus)和未培养菌。  相似文献   

4.
采用基于18S rDNA PCR-DGGE技术对刺参池塘养殖系统底栖真核生物群落结构与环境理化因子进行分析.结果表明,刺参养殖池塘系统中附着基真核生物DNA指纹图谱均呈现出了丰富的多样性,成参养殖池塘分别获得26、25、25条扩增条带,幼参养殖池塘分别获得20、22条扩增条带;刺参养殖池塘中叶绿素、总磷、总氮、溶氧分别为2.037~5.383 μg/L、0.016~0.039 mg/L、1.863~3.562 mg/L、4.06~6.18mg/L,成参养殖池塘的各项理化指标值均高于幼参养殖池塘.通过指纹图谱和理化因子的聚类分析可以看出,附着基底栖真核生物DGGE指纹图谱与环境中理化因子聚类分析图相吻合,说明不同刺参养殖池塘底栖真核生物群落DNA指纹与养殖环境的理化因子密切相关.本研究通过DGGE技术分析刺参池塘附着基底栖真核生物指纹图谱,进而分析与环境中理化因子的关系,为建立底栖真核生物群落DNA指纹结构与水体理化指标之间的关系提供科学依据.  相似文献   

5.
细菌是海区生态环境的重要组成部分,为了解扇贝养殖海区细菌群落结构的季节性变化,连续11个月(2009年5月—2010年4月,2月除外)定期采集青岛流清河湾扇贝养殖海区水深0.5 m处水样,过滤收集粒径0.22~3.00μm的微生物,采用CTAB法提取样品总DNA,PCR扩增细菌16S rDNA V3-V5可变区序列,并通过DGGE技术对所得序列进行分离,结果共得到36条不同位置的条带,1月份水样细菌群落条带数最为丰富,3月份水样的细菌群落条带数最少。基于各月份DGGE条带数目和相对光密度,对11个月份样品的细菌群落多样性进行UPGMA聚类分析,结果表明,3、4和5月份细菌群落多样性具有较高的相似性,优先聚为一支,其余月份中,7月和8月,9月和12月,10月和11月分别优先聚为一支,而1月份和6月份均单独分为一支。剪切DGGE图谱中的20条主要谱带重扩增、测序,并进行BLAST比对。结果表明,20条序列与已知序列的相似性均在94%以上,这20条序列所代表的细菌分属于α-变形菌亚门(α-Proteobacteria)、β-变形菌亚门(β-Proteobacteria)、γ-变形菌亚门(γ-Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)。  相似文献   

6.
利用实验室规模的复合垂直流人工湿地系统来处理海水养殖外排水,探讨了人工湿地对外排水中主要污染物指标氨氮、磷酸盐和COD的去除效果,并利用变形梯度凝胶电泳技术(DGGE)分析了人工湿地内部微生物的群落组成和结构特点。结果显示,人工湿地对海水养殖外排水中的氨氮、磷酸盐和COD去除效果显著,平均去除率分别为(92.82±3.27)%、(72.53±2.31)%、(66.04±8.23)%;人工湿地系统内微生物组成较为丰富,且不同位置存在着种属相同、数量不同的生态幅广泛的优势种;人工湿地下行流池微生物多样性指数(H′)比上行流池高,且沿水流方向呈下降趋势;人工湿地系统中距离越远相似性系数越小;海水养殖外排水人工湿地处理系统微生物种群包括变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),其中,主要的优势菌群属于变形菌门和拟杆菌门。  相似文献   

7.
洪斌  牛犇  陈萍  李薇  刘海泉  潘迎捷  赵勇 《水产学报》2019,43(5):1347-1358
探究凡纳滨对虾和罗氏沼虾肠道微生物及抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes, ARGs)种类的差异。通过高通量测序和变性梯度凝胶电泳(denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, DGGE)技术分析2种虾肠道微生物群落结构差异和微生物多样性,并运用PCR方法检测了2种虾肠道细菌常见38种ARGs的携带情况。结果显示,获得凡纳滨对虾和罗氏沼虾肠道细菌有效序列分别为42 795和40 713条,物种注释单元(operational taxonomic unit, OTU)数目分别为124和82,分类地位明确的细菌种类分别隶属5个门、17个属和5个门、16个属。凡纳滨对虾肠道细菌的优势类群为变形菌门,所占比例为75.45%,优势菌属为副球菌属(25.83%)和不动杆菌属(25.24%);罗氏沼虾肠道细菌的优势类群是厚壁菌门(49.74%),优势菌属为乳球菌属(49.01%)和弧菌属(29.98%)。凡纳滨对虾肠道细菌(2.19)Shannon指数高于罗氏沼虾肠道细菌(1.78),表明前者肠道细菌多样性大于后者。DGGE图谱的分析结果与高通量测序一致,2种虾肠道细菌种类差异很大。PCR结果显示,凡纳滨对虾肠道细菌携带15种ARGs,罗氏沼虾肠道细菌携带14种ARGs。本实验表明凡纳滨对虾肠道细菌的群落种类多样性、OTU丰富度、物种总数和ARGs种类均高于罗氏沼虾肠道细菌,为后续肠道微生物资源的挖掘提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

8.
复合池塘循环水养殖系统微生物群落结构分析   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
于2008年6至10月逐月调查研究了新型复合池塘循环水养殖系统各塘水体理化和微生物分子特征.通过提取水样中细菌总DNA,扩增其16S rDNA基因V3区,再经DGGE分析获得图谱,选择其中主要的13条特征条带进行克隆测序.研究结果表现为,随水流方向(Pl→P5),各循环塘溶氧(DO)和透明度(SD)依次呈明显下降趋势,而NH4~+-N,TP和COD_Mn水平呈明显上升趋势;与对照塘相比,循环塘DO和SD升高,COD_Mn和营养盐水平降低.DGGE图谱分析显示,各养殖塘微生物种类丰富,循环塘与对照塘的群落结构存在明显差异,且差异主要表现在较弱的条带上;13条特征条带的测序结果表明,池塘优势菌群分属4个门:放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),其中有2条属于蓝细菌门的条带特定分布于对照塘.典型对应分析(CCA)排序结果显示,DGGE图谱条带分布与理化因子密切相关.与传统池塘养殖相比,该养殖模式有助于改善养殖池塘微生态环境.本研究旨为池塘微生物群落结构及其功能关系研究提供借鉴.  相似文献   

9.
为了研究长毛对虾养殖环境以及对虾肠道微生物种群结构的特征,实验分别采集养殖区进水口水体、养殖池底泥、养殖池水体以及长毛对虾肠道样品,采用构建16S rRNA基因克隆文库的方法对不同样品间的微生物群落组成进行了研究。结果表明,4组样品中共获得621条序列,操作分类单元(OTU)总数达212个,表明养殖环境微生物群落结构具有高度的多样性。从遗传进化树分析发现,进水口水体中细菌优势种群为蓝细菌(53.97%)、α-变形杆菌(13.76%)和γ-变形杆菌(10.58%);养殖池水体细菌优势种群为蓝细菌(33.55%)、γ-变形杆菌(14.84%)、厚壁菌(14.19%)、拟杆菌(12.26%)和α-变形杆菌(9.68%);养殖池底泥细菌优势种群大部分属于厚壁细菌(79.12%);对虾肠道细菌优势种群为厚壁细菌(75.79%)、梭杆菌(13.68%)和γ-变形杆菌(10.53%)。在目分类水平上,养殖池底泥、养殖池水体和对虾肠道中芽孢杆菌占有较高的比例,分别占克隆数的69.78%、13.55%和72.63%;进水口水体和养殖池水体中红细菌的比例较高,分别占克隆数的10.05%和9.68%。本研究分析了养殖环境以及对虾肠道微生物的群落结构,揭示微生物从水源到对虾肠道内的演替规律。总体上,本养殖系统微生物群落结构良好,但在养殖池水体和对虾肠道中也检测到黄杆菌类群和少量的弧菌。本研究有助于了解养殖环境对于对虾肠道微生物组成的影响,并为长毛对虾病害的预防提供参考。  相似文献   

10.
DGGE分析不同盐度仿刺参养殖环境中菌群多样性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用16S rDNA的PCR-DGGE基因指纹技术对不同盐度仿刺参养殖水环境中的菌群多样性进行了分析。试验设置了22、26、30、34,4个盐度梯度,每隔10 d采样1次,通过PCR-DGGE指纹分析发现,仿刺参养殖环境存在着丰富多样的细菌。其中大多属于非可培养细菌,变形菌门和CFB门的种类是水体中的优势菌群,交替假单胞菌属是报道过的腐皮综合征的致病菌。根据DGGE指纹图谱的聚类分析发现,同等盐度条件下的样品之间存在一定的菌群相似性,并在聚类分析图中分别各自成簇。样品的多样性指数为1.7~2.3,不同盐度条件下,样品的多样性指数随着时间的推移变化不大。  相似文献   

11.
12.
The biotic diversity of Strombus gigas has not been thoroughly studied despite the status of the queen conch as an important ecological resource. The bacteria associated with the conch influence their host in several ways, including through the metabolism of nutrients, protection against invasive bacteria and the regulation of the physical conditions. In this study, conventional microbiological methods and molecular tools such as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were used to assess the composition of the bacterial communities associated with the queen conch (S. gigas) in wild and captive habitats in Colombia. A genetic analysis of the bacterial communities revealed a high level of diversity based on the large number of bands detected using DGGE. In addition, differences in bacterial community structure were found between the conchs in captivity and the wild populations. The dominant phylogenetic affiliations of the bacteria, as determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, were grouped into four classes, namely, Betaproteobacteria (16%), Gammaproteobacteria (70%), Firmicutes (7%) and Actinobacteria (2%). These groups are related to host defence processes and the decomposition of organic matter. The 16S rDNA sequence analysis of the cultured bacteria and the resulting DGGE profiles are useful tools for characterizing the diversity of the bacteria associated with the analyzed conchs.  相似文献   

13.
The role of bacterial biofilms in disease processes is becoming increasingly recognised in both clinical and environmental settings. Biofilm development within a rearing tank of the tropical rock lobster Panulirus ornatus was studied to evaluate if the biofilm is a reservoir for potentially pathogenic bacteria that cause mass larval mortalities. Within a 5000 L larval rearing tank, fiberglass microscope slides were systematically distributed during a standard rearing attempt to assess biofilm development. Culture-based counts for two media types, TCBS and Marine Agar (MA), demonstrated increased bacterial densities until days 11 and 13 respectively. For both media types, a drop in the plate counts was followed by a subsequent increase towards the end of the experiment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that cell densities decreased between days 13 and 17, most likely due to sloughing of the biofilm into the water column. SEM images revealed distinct changes in dominant morphologies reflecting a succession of bacterial populations. A dynamic succession of microbial species during biofilm development was also demonstrated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiling of bacterial 16S rRNA genes in combination with statistical ordination analysis. Prominent changes in the DGGE profiles coincided with the decrease in bacterial numbers observed by SEM and plating on MA between days 13 and 17. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) identified -Proteobacteria as being numerically abundant in the biofilm. This was supported by results from DGGE analysis, which retrieved only sequences affiliated with - and γ-Proteobacteria. DGGE bands affiliated with Vibrio became dominant towards the end of the larval run (days 21 to 24). A Vibrio harveyi strain isolated from the biofilm late in the larval rearing trial (day 24) demonstrated increased larval mortality in small scale phyllosoma survival studies. The detection of Vibrionaceae at the end of the larval trial coincided with mass phyllosoma mortality and show that the biofilm is a reservoir for potentially pathogenic bacteria.  相似文献   

14.
A 16S rDNA‐based polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE) method was applied to detect intestinal bacterial communities of juvenile allogynogenetic crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, fed with chitosan‐containing diet. This is the first time to use the molecular method to analyze the bacterial communities in the allogynogenetic crucian carp intestine. The DGGE profile with universal bacterial primers revealed simple communities in all treatment groups. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of excised DGGE bands showed that the dominant bacteria belonged to class γ‐Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria. The relative abundance and diversity of detected bacteria suggested that 0.5 and 0.75% of chitosan in diet were optimum for juvenile allogynogenetic crucian carp. As in these concentrations, some detected pathogen bacteria either disappeared or decreased. However, the DGGE profile with Aeromonas‐specific primers showed a similar composition among all treatment groups, which suggested that Aeromonas was one of relative stable bacteria components in the intestine of juvenile allogynogenetic crucian carp.  相似文献   

15.
The autochthonous microbiota in the foregut, midgut and hindgut of juvenile grouper Epinephelus coioides following the dietary administration of probiotic Bacillus clausii for 60 days were assessed using polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE). A complex and generally similar bacterial composition along the digestive tract of E. coioides was detected in the DGGE profiles, while several bacteria showed regional specialization. Similarity dendrogram revealed that the bacterial composition of the foregut was more similar to the midgut than the hindgut. Samples collected from the probiotic group and the control group showed generally similar DGGE patterns, while no significant difference in the total number of bands and Shannon index were observed between the probiotic group and the control group, suggested that probiotic B. clausii exerted no significant effect on the gut microbiota of E. coioides. However, various potentially beneficial bacteria, such as Enterococcus sp.‐like and Bacillus pumilus‐like bacterium were selectively stimulated by probiotic B. clausii, while some potential harmful species, like Staphylococcus sp.‐like and Vibrio ponticus‐like bacterium were depressed. These indicated that the gut microbiota was modified to some degree by probiotic B. clausii. Sequences analysis showed that the autochthonous gut bacteria of E. coioides could be classified into four groups, i.e. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and unclassified bacteria.  相似文献   

16.
为了分析养殖刀鲚体内与生长环境菌群结构,利用PCR-DGGE技术,对养殖刀鲚鳃、胃、肠壁及肠内容物和养殖水体菌群结构进行了初步分析。PCR-DGGE指纹图谱分离显示,42条清晰条带,其中养殖水体(27)、鳃(9)、胃(13)、肠道壁(19)、肠道内容物(18)的香农指数分别为3.037、1.883、2.193、2.825、2.683;养殖水体与刀鲚鳃、胃、肠道壁及肠道内容物分别具有6、9、11、8共有带。UPGMA聚类分析显示,样品3个重复相似度都在95%以上,差异不明显;不同样品之间,养殖刀鲚鳃和胃聚为一支,具有较高的相似度(76%),同时与养殖水体相似度达29%;养殖刀鲚肠道壁和肠道内容物聚为一支,相似度为38%。回收测定所有显示条带,主要包含变形菌、放线菌、拟杆菌、柔膜菌、蓝藻细菌、厚壁菌、梭杆菌及少量未定义菌种。研究表明,PCR-DGGE技术能区分养殖刀鲚主要部位及水体微生物的结构差异和多样性,澄清养殖刀鲚及生长水体微生物区系,可为定植益生菌的开发提供参考。  相似文献   

17.
Bacterial communities in the water column and sediment of 12 commercial grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) farming ponds were analysed. At the same time, physical and chemical environmental parameters were measured, including secchi depth (SD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (CODMn). From 12 water samples and 12 sediment samples, 39 different ribotypes were detected with PCR‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE). The ribotype richness showed that bacterial species in the water column differed among these ponds, and the result of sequencing further revealed the dominant and common bacterial species. In total, 32 bacterial species belonging to seven phyla (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres and Fusobacteria) were identified. Ordination via canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) on the DGGE data and environmental parameters indicated that the composition of bacterial community was significantly influenced by SD.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract – The dynamics of fish assemblages from seven floodplain lakes of Salado River (Argentina) was monthly analysed during two contrasting hydrological seasons. Partial canonical correspondence analysis indicated that assemblage structure was predictably linked to environmental characteristics that varied along temporal and spatial scales. Species distributed differentially along an environmental gradient of temperature, hydrometric level, conductivity, macrophyte cover and transparency in relation to their sensory capabilities (following piscivory‐transparency‐morphometry model) and life history strategies. During high water season, assemblages were associated with temperature and hydrometric level, factors which varied mainly across temporal scales and exhibit a regional range of action. During low waters, assemblage structure correlated with macrophyte cover and transparency, factors that varied fundamentally on spatial scales and have local impact. These results indicate that the determinism of fish assemblages does not vary substantially between hydrometric periods, although the environmental variables affecting fish assemblages and their scale of action are clearly different.  相似文献   

19.
研究密云水库入库河流水体中总细菌和反硝化菌的群落组成与差异性,为水库的安全管理与水质保障提供基础数据和科学依据。选择对密云水库水质影响最大的5条入库河流(潮河、白河、清水河、对家河和白马关河),对水体中的总细菌和氮循环功能微生物反硝化菌进行了聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增与高通量测序分析。5条入库河流中全细菌主要隶属于6个门,而以Proteobacteria(变形菌门)为优势种群;反硝化菌在门水平的分布则相对简单,主要以Proteobacteria和少量Deferribacteres(脱铁杆菌门)构成。不同入库河流全细菌的群落结构具有空间差异,其中水文特征较为接近的白河和潮河全细菌群落结构具有较高相似性,与其他3条入库河流群落差别较大;水体中全细菌的Shannon多样性和Chao1丰富度均表现出较高水平。氮磷污染较重的对家河和潮河反硝化菌群落结构比较类似,其他3条入库河流之间则相对分散;对家河全细菌和反硝化菌的多样性和丰富度表现出较低水平。清水河水体中的全细菌和反硝化菌群落结构都较少受到已分析的环境因子影响,可能与该河道的人工改造有关。河流水体中全细菌以及关键功能微生物群落特征受到河流的水文、形态和理化指标的综合影响,可以作为水体环境与生态状况的重要指示项目,在今后的水库水环境保护与管理中应予以重视。  相似文献   

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