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1.
三角帆蚌养殖池塘浮游植物群落时空动态及其多样性指数   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过对某一套养有青鱼、鲢和草鱼的2.4 hm2三角帆蚌( Hyriopsis cumingii)养殖池塘2011-2012年的水质和浮游植物调查,分析了浮游植物群落的时空动态,同时运用细胞密度及群落多样性指数等进行了水质综合评价。调查结果显示,浮游植物群落组成中绿藻44.07%,其次是硅藻(16.95%);浮游植物群落结构、密度及生物多样性指数都具有明显的季节和月份变化特征。绿藻种类数在秋季最多,硅藻种类数在冬季和春季最多,而蓝藻种类数在夏秋季最多,隐藻种类数在秋季最多;浮游植物细胞密度秋季>春季>夏季>冬季。4月份密度最大,达21.12×106 cells/L,其次是11月份,达到13.68×106 cells/L;整个冬季和春季的3月份浮游植物密度偏低;11次采样获得的 Shannon -Wiener 指数( H′)与 Simpson 指数( D )、 Pielou 指数( J )的相关性系数分别达0.934、0.858,说明都具有显著相关性。综合浮游植物细胞密度、多样性指数及污染程度指示种类分析结果,说明该养殖水体处于中污状态。本研究对于利用浮游植物监测三角帆蚌养殖池塘水质综合状况及进行生态评价提供了依据。  相似文献   

2.
为了了解抚仙湖浮游植物群落结构特征,于2014年9月(秋季)、2014年12月(冬季)、2015年3月(春季)以及2015年7月(夏季)对抚仙湖进行采样,在全湖共设置12个样点,通过野外调查及实验室研究的方法,对抚仙湖浮游植物群落结构及物种多样性进行了分析。结果表明,抚仙湖共有浮游植物8门、66属、101种,种类构成比例中,绿藻占54.46%、硅藻占21.78%、蓝藻占9.90%、其他13.86%;不同季节浮游植物的种类组成差异极显著(P0.01),夏季种类最多,有79种,冬季最少,仅有61种。优势度分析显示,抚仙湖共有优势种4门、13种,其中绿藻门最多,有8种,且在全年均形成优势种,蓝藻在夏季、秋季和冬季成为优势种,硅藻和金藻在春季和夏季形成优势种。抚仙湖浮游植物细胞密度为29.9×104~193.2×104个/L,平均为61.51×104个/L;生物量为0.242~0.567 mg/L,平均为0.455 mg/L。浮游植物Margalef丰富度指数为2.31~3.18,Shannon-Weaver多样性指数为3.14~3.65,Pielou均匀度指数为0.89~0.95,综合评价抚仙湖水体为无污染至轻污染。聚类分析表明,抚仙湖浮游植物的种群结构四季变化明显,不同区域浮游植物的种类和密度差异较大。将抚仙湖浮游植物与国内外典型的贫营养湖泊进行相似性比较,Jaccard相似性指数表明,抚仙湖浮游植物群落与其他湖泊均为极不相似,说明其物种及群落结构具有一定的独特性。  相似文献   

3.
对大渡河河口春秋季的浮游植物群落结构特征进行了调查,共采集到浮游植物6门、53属、157种;其中,硅藻种类最多,共109种,占总数的69.43%,其次是绿藻和蓝藻.左侧汊河和青衣江浮游植物种类较多.优势度分析显示,大渡河河口浮游植物优势种季节演替明显.浮游植物平均密度和生物量分别为469 040个/L和0.9051mg/L,均以硅藻最高.浮游植物密度春季高于秋季,生物量则春季低于秋季,青衣江浮游植物密度和生物量较干流低.大渡河河口多样性指数春季平均为3.1728,秋季平均为3.3547;均匀度指数春季平均为0.5300,秋季平均为0.5749.秋季浮游植物多样性指数和优势度均高于春季,青衣江两指标均较干流低.  相似文献   

4.
牧野湖浮游植物时空分布及水质分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
2012年9月至2013年8月,按月对牧野湖的水质及浮游植物群落结构开展了初步调查。共发现浮游植物87属147种;其中,黄藻门和隐藻门各6种,金藻门和甲藻门各4种,绿藻门57种,裸藻门23种,硅藻门29种,蓝藻门18种。2012年秋季到2013年春季浮游植物密度在7 400×104~9 100×104个/L,2013年夏季最高,为16 000×104个/L。秋、冬、春季密度较高的为绿藻和硅藻,所占比例:秋季绿藻32.2%、硅藻23.9%,冬季绿藻39.2%、硅藻24.5%,春季绿藻40%、硅藻51.7%;夏季密度较高的种群是蓝藻,占83%。湖区秋、冬、春、夏季Shannon多样性指数分别为1.3、1.27、1.06、0.48,Pielou均匀度指数也从0.35下降到0.175,表明从2012年秋季到2013年夏季牧野湖的水质是不断下降的。皮尔逊相关分析表明,湖区浮游植物的平均密度与Chl-a、CODCr、水温显著正相关(P0.05);与TN、TP、NH+4-N也有一定的正相关性,但未达到显著水平;与SD、NO-3-N之间有一定的负相关,但未达到显著水平。  相似文献   

5.
宁夏沙湖浮游植物群落结构及多样性研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
于2008年4月-2009年1月对宁夏沙湖浮游植物的种类组成、密度、生物量、优势种以及物种多样性进行了分析研究,并依据浮游植物种类组成和密度,对浮游植物群落结构进行了聚类分析(Cluster Analysis,CA)和多维分析(Multidimensional scaling,MDS)。结果表明,沙湖浮游植物共有8门94属117种,种类构成比例为绿藻49.6%、硅藻21.6%、蓝藻16.0%和其它12.8%。春季优势种的种类较多,蓝、硅、绿藻均有,夏、秋季蓝藻占绝对优势,冬季以绿藻为主。浮游植物种类、密度、生物量和分布依季节而异,高峰期出现在7月,低谷期出现于1月。Margalef指数2.872~4.652,Shannon指数2.058~3.057,均匀度指数0.521~0.759,综合评价沙湖水体为中富营养水平。浮游植物群落结构春、夏、冬季聚为3类,秋季聚为2类,除春季外,MDS分析结果和聚类分析结果一致,支持和证实了聚类分析的结果,很好地揭示了沙湖各季节、各样点间浮游植物群落结构的相似性与差异性。b  相似文献   

6.
于2008年4月-2009年1月对宁夏沙湖浮游植物的种类组成、密度、生物量、优势种以及物种多样性进行了分析研究,并依据浮游植物种类组成和密度,对浮游植物群落结构进行了聚类分析(Cluster Analysis,CA)和多维分析(Multidimensional scaling,MDS)。结果表明,沙湖浮游植物共有8门94属117种,种类构成比例为绿藻49.6%、硅藻21.6%、蓝藻16.0%和其它12.8%。春季优势种的种类较多,蓝、硅、绿藻均有,夏、秋季蓝藻占绝对优势,冬季以绿藻为主。浮游植物种类、密度、生物量和分布依季节而异,高峰期出现在7月,低谷期出现于1月。Margalef指数2.872~4.652,Shannon指数2.058~3.057,均匀度指数0.521~0.759,综合评价沙湖水体为中富营养水平。浮游植物群落结构春、夏、冬季聚为3类,秋季聚为2类,除春季外,MDS分析结果和聚类分析结果一致,支持和证实了聚类分析的结果,很好地揭示了沙湖各季节、各样点间浮游植物群落结构的相似性与差异性。b  相似文献   

7.
为探究淮河流域西淝河浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系,在2016年和2017年冬季(2月)、春季(4月)、夏季(8月)和秋季(11月)对淮河流域西淝河浮游植物群落结构特征进行研究。结果显示,共鉴定出浮游植物236种(含变种和变型),隶属于8门、103属。其中,绿藻门(Chlorophyta)最多,有37属、83种,占浮游植物物种总数的35.17%;其次为硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)28属、78种,占33.05%;蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)20属、40种,占16.95%。浮游植物群落结构组成及变化显示,蓝藻门物种的细胞密度占绝对优势,其次为绿藻门,分别占总细胞密度的57.04%、17.66%。硅藻门物种的相对生物量最大,其次为绿藻门,分别占总生物量的35.69%和28.81%,且浮游植物细胞密度与生物量均在夏季达到最大值。浮游植物细胞密度为(7.24±1.13)×10~7个/L,生物量年均值为(34.08±3.20) mg/L。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数为3.27~4.66、2.75~6.10和0.73~0.94。Pearson相关性与RDA分析表明,影响浮游植物群落结构的主要因子有溶解氧、水温、水生植被盖度、电导率、营养盐和透明度。研究结果可为揭示淮河流域浮游植物群落结构特征提供基础理论依据。  相似文献   

8.
长江天鹅洲故道浮游植物群落结构及水质评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
基于浮游植物群落结构对水质的进行评价,为长江天鹅洲故道江豚保护提供科学依据,在故道上下游共布设10个采样点,于2011年4月(春季)、7月(夏季)、10月(秋季)、2012年1月(冬季)和2012年8月(夏季)各采样1次。结果表明,长江天鹅洲故道共发现浮游植物7门、77属、143种,其中蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)14属、28种,占浮游植物总种类数的19.6%;硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)14属、22种,占15.4%;绿藻门(Chlorophyta)32属、64种,占44.8%;甲藻门(Pyrrophyta)3属、4种,占2.8%;裸藻门(Euglenophyta)3属、12种,占8.4%;隐藻门(Cryptophyta)3属、4种,占2.8%;金藻门(Chrysophyta)8属、9种,占6.3%,以喜好富营养型水体的蓝藻和绿藻为主。天鹅洲故道浮游植物的年平均密度为5.6×107个/L,其中以蓝藻为主,占总密度的88.8%;其次为绿藻,占总密度的7.7%。浮游植物年均生物量为7.2 mg/L,以硅藻、蓝藻和绿藻为主,分别占总生物量的61.5%、17.9%和12.8%;其中12种优势种中的富营养型指示种粘液胶鞘藻(Phormidium mucicola)、铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、细小平裂藻(Merismopedia minima)和四角十字藻(Crucigenia quadrata)以群体形式存在。现存量法、优势种群法以及多样性指数评价结果显示,天鹅洲故道水体属于富营养型,与Shannon-Weaver多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数评价水质为中污染水平的结果一致。  相似文献   

9.
研究金华地区不同水系浮游植物群落结构特征及其对水质的指示作用,为金华江流域的水生态保护与管理提供科学依据。2018年6月(夏季)、9月(秋季)和2019年1月(冬季)、4月(春季),对调查水域20个采样点的浮游植物进行调查分析。计算浮游植物群落多样性指数,进行聚类与非线性多维标序(NMDS)排序,并基于浮游植物细胞密度、Pielou均匀度指数以及Shannon-Wiener多样性指数对金华地区不同水系的水质进行评价。结果表明:(1)浮游植物调查有7门184种,其中硅藻(74种)和绿藻(63种)为主要成分,分别占总物种数的40.22%和34.24%,表现出硅藻+绿藻类型;时空差异明显,秋季种类较为丰富,各采样点种类丰富度不一;优势种组成存在季节性差异变化,以硅藻门居多,其中常见优势种有脆杆藻(Fragilaria sp.)、颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulata)、卵形隐藻(Cryptomonas ovata)和小球藻(Chlorella sp.);(2)浮游植物的年均细胞密度和年均生物量分别为(19.37±12.70)×104 个/L和(0.30±0.19) mg/L;(3)浮游植物群落的Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数的全年变化范围分别为2.28~5.54、0.71~0.89、2.38~3.69和0.78~0.97。金华地区不同水系浮游植物群落受轻度干扰且处于稳定状态,且在时间变化上无显著差异(P>0.05);水质清洁至中度污染状态,水生态状况整体良好。  相似文献   

10.
2015年1月到12月,通过对锦江河国家级水产种质资源保护区浮游植物群落结构进行调查,分析了浮游植物群落的时空动态,运用细胞密度及群落多样性指数等进行了水质综合评价。研究表明,浮游植物6门17目1亚目32科45属101种,其中硅藻门最多,共42种,占总数的41.58%;绿藻门次之,共32种,占总数的31.68%,该保护区为硅藻-绿藻型河流;在夏季浮游植物密度达到2.59×106cells/L,为全年最大值,冬季密度最低,仅为1.82×105cells/L;Margalef指数(Dm)、Shannon-Wiener指数(H'')、Pielou指数(J'')季节变化趋势一致,夏季、秋季、春季到冬季依次减小。利用浮游植物细胞密度评价,锦江河国家级水产种质资源保护区水体为贫营养水体;从多样性指数分析来看,水体介于β-中污染带到寡污染带之间。通过综合分析,锦江河国家级水产种质资源保护区整体上说为β-中污染或贫营养水平。  相似文献   

11.
12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

17.
18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

19.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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