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1.
土壤中生物胞外酶参与土壤中有机物周转和营养物质循环,其活性是土壤中生物群落代谢需求和有效营养物质的直接表现。以2012年7月、9月和11月对双台河口滨海湿地野外调查获取的数据为基础,研究了生长不同植被的沉积物(土壤)脲酶、蛋白酶、磷酸酶活性及其与氮、磷含量的相关关系。翅碱蓬或芦苇单独生长区脲酶活性7月9月11月;翅碱蓬和芦苇混合生长区脲酶活性9月7月11月;芦苇、苣荬菜、艾蒿混合生长区脲酶活性9月11月7月。翅碱蓬单独生长区、翅碱蓬和芦苇混合生长区以及芦苇、苣荬菜、艾蒿混合生长区蛋白酶活性9月7月11月;芦苇单独生长区蛋白酶活性9月11月7月。翅碱蓬单独生长区、芦苇单独生长区磷酸酶活性7月9月11月;翅碱蓬和芦苇混合生长区磷酸酶活性9月11月7月;芦苇、苣荬菜、艾蒿混合生长区磷酸酶活性9月7月11月。除少数样点外,不同土层的脲酶、蛋白酶和磷酸酶活性0~10 cm土层10~20 cm土层20~30 cm土层。脲酶活性与土壤全氮含量正相关,蛋白酶活性与氨氮含量正相关,磷酸酶活性与速效磷含量正相关。河口滨海潮滩湿地生长不同植被的沉积物(土壤)脲酶、蛋白酶、磷酸酶活性不同,存在季节差异,且与沉积物中不同形态的氮、磷含量存在正相关关系。  相似文献   

2.
通过探究河口土壤养分状况及空间变化规律,为入库河口生态修复提供理论依据,以丹江口水库青塘河入库河口为例,采用传统描述性统计和地统计分析法对入库河口表层土壤养分空间变异特征进行了研究。结果表明,土壤各养分指标变异系数为38.6%~97.9%,除速效磷外,总体属中等强度变异。研究区土壤各养分指标均具有中等程度的空间自相关性,自相关距离为272~2110 m,由大到小依次为:速效磷>碱解氮>有机质>速效钾。研究区土壤有机质含量为7.97~45.03 g/kg,处于中等偏上水平,碱解氮含量为42.97~178.70 mg/kg,处于中等偏下水平,速效磷含量为5.03~121.40 mg/kg,速效钾含量为62.50~820.65 mg/kg,分别达到丰富和极丰富水平。受土壤母质、地形、气候等非人为因素和施肥、作物、管理水平等人为因素影响,研究区有机质、速效磷和碱解氮均呈现出由东南向西向北方向逐渐递减的趋势,速效钾在中部偏东处含量最高。与传统统计方法相比,地统计分析能较好地反映土壤养分含量的结构性、随机性、独立性和相关性。研究结果可为丹江口水库青塘河入库河口植被恢复与生态修复提供理论依据。  相似文献   

3.
稻—金鱼共栖生态系统土壤理化性状研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过田间试验对稻-金鱼共栖生态系统的稻田土壤理化性状进行了研究。研究结果表明,与常规稻田相比,实行稻-金鱼生态复合种养,土壤的速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质分别增加9.6mg/kg、0.8mg/kg、4.0mg/kg、1.67g/kg,增加幅度分别为5.7%、6.4%、6.2%、7.5%;土壤物理性状也得到一定程度地改善,土壤容重降低了0.11g/cm3;土壤总孔隙度增加了8.63%,土壤非毛管孔隙度增加0.01%。  相似文献   

4.
为明确调水调沙背景下碱蓬对Cd污染的吸收富集特征,本研究以该区主要潜在生态风险因子镉(Cd)为切入点,利用温室栽培实验,分析了Cd输入对碱蓬生物量、Cd含量、富集系数及转移系数的影响。结果表明:少量的Cd输入(≤4.0 mg/kg)时碱蓬生物量高于对照,并在2.0 mg/kg处理时总生物量、茎和叶生物量取得最大值,而过高的Cd输入(>5.0 mg/kg)时生物量低于对照;随着Cd输入的增加,碱蓬根、茎及叶中Cd含量呈现增加趋势,而Cd富集系数则呈现先增高后降低的变化趋势,且在Cd输入量为2.0 mg/kg时,富集系数取得最大值(42.67、4.82和6.18);整体上碱蓬根是富集Cd主要部位,但在低水平Cd输入(0.0 mg/kg和1.0 mg/kg)时,茎和叶部转运系数大于高水平Cd输入,表现出较强富集作用。以上结果表明碱蓬能有效富集土壤中的Cd元素,且在一定范围内碱蓬的富集能力随着Cd输入的增加而增加,但是过高的Cd浓度输入会抑制碱蓬的Cd富集能力。  相似文献   

5.
通过探究河口土壤养分状况及空间变化规律,为入库河口生态修复提供理论依据,以丹江口水库青塘河入库河口为例,采用传统描述性统计和地统计分析法,对入库河口表层土壤养分空间变异特征进行了研究。结果表明,土壤各养分指标变异系数为38.6%~97.9%,除速效磷外,总体属中等强度变异。研究区土壤各养分指标均具有中等程度的空间自相关性,自相关距离为272~2 110 m,由大到小依次为:速效磷碱解氮有机质速效钾。研究区土壤有机质含量为7.97~45.03 g/kg,处于中等偏上水平,碱解氮含量为42.97~178.70 mg/kg,处于中等偏下水平,速效磷含量为5.03~121.40 mg/kg,速效钾含量为62.50~820.65 mg/kg,分别达到丰富和极丰富水平。受土壤母质、地形、气候等非人为因素和施肥、作物、管理水平等人为因素影响,研究区有机质、速效磷和碱解氮均呈现出由东南向西向北方向逐渐递减的趋势,速效钾在中部偏东处含量最高。与传统统计方法相比,地统计分析能较好地反映土壤养分含量的结构性、随机性、独立性和相关性。研究结果可为丹江口水库青塘河入库河口植被恢复与生态修复提供理论依据。  相似文献   

6.
梅溪湖属于城市浅水湖泊,其沉积物特征可反映湖泊的水生态环境状况,对防止湖泊富营养化具有重要意义。2020年11月至2021年7月,分季节对梅溪湖表层沉积物(0~10 cm)进行了采样,分析了沉积物TN、NH4+、NO3-、TP、有效磷(AP)和有机质(OM)等指标的时空分布特征和污染程度。结果表明:沉积物(0~10 cm)TN、NH4+、NO3-、TP、AP和OM的平均含量依次为1654.68± 754.22 mg/kg、24.66± 20.02 mg/kg、13.60± 2.33 mg/kg、512.60± 281.39 mg/kg、8.58± 6.81 mg/kg和2.84± 1.43 %。湖区东部营养物和有机质含量最高。人类活动对梅溪湖表层沉积物营养盐的空间分布有着较大的影响。梅溪湖沉积物TP和NO3-含量在春季最高(4月份),冬季(1月)最低。AP含量在春季(4月)最高,在夏季最低(7月份)。沉积物TN、NH4+和OM含量没有明显的季节差异。梅溪湖沉积物TN和TP的含量变幅分别为667~4000 mg/kg和184~1475mg/kg,均已超出我国东部浅水湖泊沉积物的营养物参考阈值范围;TN和TP的标准指数变幅分别为1.21~7.27和0.31~2.46,TN全部超标,梅溪湖生态环境质量受N元素的影响较为严重,对湖泊生态系统安全构成了一定的威胁。相关分析表明,沉积物OM与TN、TP、AP、NH4+、NO3-均显著正相关,说明沉积物有机质的降解和释放对梅溪湖氮磷营养盐具有重要影响。  相似文献   

7.
【目的】为研究冰温贮藏期间海鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicus)鱼片的品质及蛋白质生化特性的变化,【方法】该研究通过感官评分、pH、质构、色差、硫代巴比妥酸值(TBA值)、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N值)、菌落总数(TVC)的测定和肌原纤维蛋白含量、巯基、羰基含量变化及十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析确定了冰温贮藏0 d、4 d、8 d、12 d、16 d、20 d下海鲈鱼片理化指标变化,并对肌原纤维蛋白生化特性与主要的新鲜度指标进行相关性分析。【结果】结果表明,海鲈鱼片冰温贮藏期间亮度值由57.92±0.66降低至46.62±1.54、红度值由-4.34±0.39降低至-5.21±0.08,硬度值由174.92±16.8显著降低至122.25±15.73(P<0.05),pH呈先降低后增加的趋势,TBA值、TVB-N值随贮藏时间的延长分别由0.35±0.01 mg/kg与9.41±1.03 mg/100 g增加至0.97±0.04 mg/kg与33.18±0.83 mg/100 g,贮藏至第16天时菌落总数达6.35±0.41 log10(CFU/g),已超过二级鲜度标准,且感官分值不可接受。贮藏期间肌原纤维蛋白含量、巯基含量分别由104.21±3.42 mg/g与145.81±1.02 mmol/g prot下降至72.03±5.25 mg/g与137.28±1.29 mmol/g prot,羰基含量由0.63±0.03 nmol/mg增加至1.45±0.06 nmol/mg。SDS-PAGE电泳图谱显示,在30 kDa附近产生新的蛋白条带。相关性分析表明TBA值、菌落总数、蛋白含量与羰基含量之间具有良好的相关性。【结论】研究表明:海鲈鱼片冰温贮藏至第16天时达到不可食用程度,贮藏后期微生物的大量繁殖、脂质氧化与蛋白质氧化间的相互作用可能是品质劣变的主要原因。  相似文献   

8.
维生素E对斑点叉尾鮰生长性能和消化酶活性的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
何敏  汪开毓  张宇  孙挺 《水产学报》2009,33(2):288-294
试验研究了饲料中不同含量维生素E对斑点叉尾鮰生长性能和消化酶活性的影响,并对其机理进行了初步探讨。选取900尾健康的斑点叉尾鮰,平均体重(5.20±0.15)g,随机分成4个处理(I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ处理依次分别添加维生素E 0、50、100和1000IU/kg饲料),每个处理3个重复,每个重复75尾。试验期105d。试验结果表明:在一定添加水平内,维生素E能够显著提高斑点叉尾鮰成活率、特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质效率和摄饵量(P<0.01)。当维生素E添加量为到100 IU/kg时,以上四个指标均达到最高,分别为97.78±0.96%,2.99±0.50%,163.71±5.62%和7478.00±62.01 g/尾,均极显著高于维生素E添加量为0 IU/kg组(P<0.01);维生素E显著影响斑点叉尾鮰胃肠道和肝胰脏蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性(P<0.01 or P<0.05)。当饲料中添加维生素为100IU/kg时,胃蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性最高,分别达29.33±1.66 U•min-1 •mg-1,196.52±17.28 U•min-1 •mg-1,极显著高于维生素E添加量为0 IU/kg组(P<0.01)和显著高于维生素E添加量为1000IU/kg组(P<0.05)。由本试验结果可以看出,维生素E在一定添加水平内能显著提高斑点叉尾鮰消化酶活性,促进此鱼生长,且其适宜添加量为100 mg/kg。  相似文献   

9.
为了解孔雀石绿及其有毒代谢产物无色孔雀石绿在鱼体中的蓄积与消除规律,达到对孔雀石绿的禁用监控,本试验对初始体重为12.42±2.18 g的欧洲鳗鲡进行0.1 mg/L药浴24 h,再转移到清水中养殖120d,采用高效液相色谱法测定血液、肝脏、肾脏和肌肉组织中孔雀石绿(MG)及其代谢物无色孔雀石绿(LMG)的残留。结果表明:在药浴开始阶段,肝脏、肾脏和肌肉中的MG含量迅速上升,肝脏、肾脏和血液于浸浴6 h时即达到最高平均值,分别为859.8±127.0μg/kg、589.2±40.0μg/kg和88.6±51.3μg/kg,肌肉于浸浴12h时达最高值(720.5±192.6μg/kg),随后含量下降。鳗鲡各组织中LMG高峰出现时间都晚于MG,血液、肝脏和肾脏中的LMG都是在浸浴12 h时,达到最高平均值,分别为1 135.0±376.4μg/kg、1 730.9±538.5μg/kg和238.9±105.5μg/kg;肌肉组织LMG的高峰出现时间更晚,是清水养殖3 d(72 h)时,为960.1±251.0μg/kg。血液中的MG消除最快,于清水养殖的第2天(48 h)检测不到残留。肾脏于养殖10 d(240 h)、肝脏于养殖45 d(1 080 h)时检测不到残留MG,而肌肉中的MG在养殖90 d时才检测不到。LMG在鳗鲡血液和肌肉组织中消除时间与MG相比显著延长,血液中的LMG消除时间是养殖90 d(2 160 h),而肌肉中于养殖120 d时,仍能检测到一定含量的LMG。除了肾组织在整个试验阶段和肌肉组织在浸浴过程中,所含平均MG比LMG高以外,其余情况下都是LMG平均含量明显高于MG平均值。本试验表明,可以通过对鳗鲡肌肉中的无色孔雀石绿残留的检测达到对孔雀石绿禁用的监控。  相似文献   

10.
在零售市场和生产企业抽取4批真空包装淡腌青鱼,对其感官、化学和细菌学品质特性进行分析,并对细菌类型和数量进行研究。结果显示,产品栅栏因子及强度存在差异,盐分含量6.68%~12.06%,平均值(9.36±2.2)%;水分活度值0.75~0.91,平均值0.82±0.07;pH值6.00~6.30,平均值6.20±0.13。栅栏因子种类和强度的不同决定产品品质的差异,感官评价均可接受,过氧化值均值为19.65±8.75 meq/kg,挥发性盐基氮均值为24.50±15.30 mg/100 g,菌落总数均值为4.45±1.15 cfu/g,大肠菌群均低于30 MPN/100 g。从4批淡腌青鱼样品分离到234株细菌,73.9%是革兰氏阳性细菌,其中36.3%是葡萄球菌,31.6%是链球菌,并出现少量微球菌和棒状杆菌;由需氧革兰氏阴性杆菌不动杆菌、摩氏杆菌和鞘氨醇单胞菌组成较小的细菌菌群约占总细菌群落的18.4%,显示水分活度、盐分含量和pH值等栅栏因子与产品细菌类型和数量呈一定相关性。  相似文献   

11.
12.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

13.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

14.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
17.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

18.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

19.
  1. Humanity is facing a biodiversity crisis, with freshwater-associated biodiversity in a particularly dire state. Novel ecosystems created through human use of mineral resources, such as gravel pit lakes, can provide substitute habitats for the conservation of freshwater and riparian biodiversity. Many of these artificial ecosystems are subject to a high intensity of recreational use, however, which may limit their biodiversity potential.
  2. The species richness of several taxa (plants, amphibians, dragonflies, damselflies, waterfowl, and songbirds) was assessed and a range of taxonomic biodiversity metrics were compared between gravel pit lakes managed for recreational fisheries (n = 16) and unmanaged reference lakes (n = 10), controlling for non-fishing-related environmental variation.
  3. The average species richness of all the taxa examined was similar among lakes in both lake types and no substantial differences in species composition were found when examining the pooled species inventory. Similarly, there were no differences between lake types in the presence of rare species and in the Simpson diversity index across all of the taxa assessed.
  4. Variation in species richness among lakes was correlated with woody habitat, lake morphology (surface area and steepness), and land use, but was not correlated with the presence of recreational fisheries. Thus, non-fishing-related environmental variables had stronger effects on local species presence than recreational fisheries management or the presence of recreational anglers.
  5. Collectively, no evidence was found that anglers and recreational fisheries management constrain the development of aquatic and riparian biodiversity in gravel pit lakes in the study region; however, the conservation of species diversity in gravel pit lakes could benefit from an increasing reliance on habitat enhancement activities.
  相似文献   

20.
The aim of this study was to describe two epizootics of high mortalities from infection with Streptococcus agalactiae, occurring in captive rays held in a marine display aquarium in south‐east Queensland, Australia, in 2009 and 2010. Five different species of rays were affected, including mangrove whiprays (Himantura granulata), estuary rays (Dasyatis fluviorum), eastern shovelnose rays (Aptychotrema rostrata), white‐spotted eagle rays (Aetobatus narinari) and blue‐spotted mask rays (Neotrygon kuhlii). This report describes the history of both epizootics including collection, quarantine and husbandry of rays, the disease epizootics, clinico‐pathological features of the disease, antimicrobial therapy, autogenous vaccine production, and laboratory studies including clinical and histopathology, bacteriology, PCR, molecular serotyping and sequencing of the bacterium S. agalactiae.  相似文献   

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