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1.
罗非鱼鱼鳞经水洗、酸浸、碱浸处理后,采用热水法提取胶原蛋白并对其进行酶解,以酶解液水解度为指标筛选适合的酶,研究酶添加量、酶解时间、底物浓度和酶解温度对水解度的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,通过正交实验优化鱼鳞胶原蛋白的酶解条件。实验结果表明:当酶添加量6 000 U/g、酶解时间8 h、底物浓度5%、酶解温度50℃时,鱼鳞胶原蛋白酶解液水解度最大,达到24.23%。此条件下制备的分子量小于1 000 Da胶原寡肽占82.40%。  相似文献   

2.
酶法提取鱿鱼皮胶原蛋白工艺条件的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
研究了酶法提取鱿鱼皮胶原蛋白的工艺条件。根据5种蛋白酶水解液中羟脯氨酸(HYP)的含量,确定了胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶这2种提取率高的酶为水解用酶,采用L16(4^5)正交试验确定了这2种酶水解鱿鱼皮以制备胶原蛋白的最佳酶解条件。结果表明,胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶水解鱿鱼皮以制备胶原蛋白的最佳温度、加酶量、底物浓度、pH、时间分别为55℃、1200U·g^-1、1:20、pH8.0、4h和50℃、3200U·g^-1、1:20、pH6.0、6h。2种蛋白酶提取的胶原蛋白含量分别为11.08%和11.36%,提取率分别为95.16%和97.56%。  相似文献   

3.
草鱼鱼鳞酶溶性胶原蛋白的提取及基本特性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用胃蛋白酶从草鱼鱼鳞中提取酶溶性胶原蛋白(PSC)。并用氨基酸自动分析仪、SDS-PAGE电泳、DSC、FT-IR和圆二色谱对草鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白的氨基酸组成、相对分子量、变性温度和结构进行了研究。试验结果表明:所提草鱼鱼鳞蛋白为典型的I型胶原蛋白;且至少含有2条α链,α1和α2链;DSC分析表明其变性温度为37.1℃。  相似文献   

4.
本文对乌贼墨粉进行超声波辅助蛋白酶水解研究,以水解度为考察指标,筛选最适蛋白酶,并通过单因素试验和L_(16)(4~5)正交试验优化酶解条件。试验结果表明,酸性蛋白酶为墨粉水解的最佳试验用酶,最佳酶解条件为温度50℃、水解时间2 h、加酶量3.0%、反应pH 3.5、料液比1∶15,在此最优条件下对墨粉进行水解试验,制得水解后墨黑色素,并测得水解度为11.45%。水解后墨黑色素氧化产物2,3,5-三羧酸吡咯(PTCA)含量为17.621μg/mg,水解后墨黑色素总抗氧化能力为18.9 U/g,总抗氧化能力保持率为99%。  相似文献   

5.
选用中性蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶对草鱼鱼头进行水解,单因素分析和正交实验L9(34)相结合,对影响其酶解条件的因素进行了探讨.结果表明:碱性蛋白酶水解效果较中性蛋白酶好,其最佳酶解条件为酶用量0.018%、温度53℃、pH值7.6、水解5h,在此条件下酶解液中游离氨基酸可达1.25mg/ml.并分析了两种酶在最佳酶解条件下,可溶性蛋白质含量的变化.  相似文献   

6.
超声波和蛋白酶可以破坏蛋白质结构,提高短肽的得率。本试验以近江牡蛎为原料,在适度水解、控制挥发性盐基氮在合理范围的前提下,以短肽含量为主要目标,首先通过研究超声波功率、时间对牡蛎自溶酶解的影响,优化超声波辅助酶解工艺,然后采用单因素试验研究碱性蛋白酶对超声波—自溶酶解液酶解效果的影响。结果显示,440 W超声波处理牡蛎10min后自溶酶解,短肽含量为(88.75±1.16)mg/mL,是对照组的2.12倍;水解度为(30.38±0.05)%;挥发性盐基氮为(79±2)μg/g。采用碱性蛋白酶对超声波-自溶酶解液进行进一步酶解,优化的酶解条件是:加酶量5kU/g,酶解温度55℃,酶解时间4h,此时短肽含量达到100mg/mL以上,水解度为(35.95±0.05)%;挥发性盐基氮为(178±6)μg/g,处在可接受范围。试验结果表明,超声波预处理后自溶,再进行外源蛋白酶酶解可显著提高酶解效率。  相似文献   

7.
以条斑紫菜为原料,利用胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶组成的复合酶水解紫菜蛋白制备生物活性肽并研究清除羟自由基作用。采用单因素试验考察胰蛋白酶与木瓜蛋白酶的比例、底物质量浓度、酶用量、水解温度、水解时间、pH对羟自由基清除率及水解度的影响,响应面法优化酶解条件,SephadexG-15凝胶层析法测定活性肽的分子质量分布。试验结果表明,复合酶最佳酶解工艺条件为胰蛋白酶与木瓜蛋白酶复合酶比例1.67,底物质量浓度20mg/mL,酶用量1.67%,pH 7.0,温度55℃,酶解4h,紫菜活性肽对羟自由基的清除率为80.6%,清除率为50%时的质量浓度为0.744mg/mL,分子质量大多分布于500~1500ku。  相似文献   

8.
鱼鳞酶解工艺的研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
应用正交实验优选鱼鳞蛋白酶解的最佳条件,结果表明,鱼鳞酶解宜采用条件温和的枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶,用醋酸作软化的预处理,可使鱼鳞蛋白得到较高程度的水解,酶解时最佳温度为50℃,酶量宜采用1.5%,酶解的最佳时间为6h底物浓度宜选择20%。  相似文献   

9.
鲤鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白ASC与PSC的比较   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以鲤鱼鱼鳞为原料,研究了酸法和酶法提取的鱼鳞胶原蛋白ASC和PSC的异同.经过SDS-凝胶电泳和氨基酸分析可以看出,2种蛋白在分子构型、氨基酸组成等方面的差异并不明显,经过蛋白酶K有限酶解后的图谱证明了这一点.但从差热分析,以及蛋白质受热的分解变化来看,二者之间在热稳定性方面存在一定的差异.推测差距产生的原因与蛋白质制备过程中,胃蛋白酶的作用有关,胶原蛋白两端的非螺旋区域受到酶的作用而分解,非螺旋区域对三螺旋的稳定性起着重要作用,非螺旋区域的分解大大降低了PSC对热的耐受性.  相似文献   

10.
郑丽  汪秋宽 《水产科学》2006,25(8):397-400
由正交试验确定的两种酶酶解的最佳水解结果表明枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶最佳水解条件为:加酶量为3.0%,温度为60℃,pH为7.0,时间为4 h,蛋白质水解度为91.3%;木瓜蛋白酶酶解的最佳酶解条件为:加酶量为3.0%,温度为65℃,pH为7.0,时间为4 h,蛋白质水解度为85.3%。SephadexG-15葡聚糖凝胶柱层析对扇贝加工废弃物水解产物的分析结果表明两种酶酶解产物的分子量分布均集中在682 Da,这说明酶解产物是小分子蛋白肽和游离氨基酸,可深加工利用制备水解蛋白制品。  相似文献   

11.
A 10-week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the proper dietary protein source for optimal growth performance of juvenile snails, Semisulcospira coreana. Sixteen isonitrogenous (31% crude protein) and isocaloric (4.2 kcal/g DM) experimental diets (designated as FM, F-FM, SBM, F-SBM, WF, F-WF, SSM, F-SSM, SCR, F-SCR, UP, F-UP, FWP, F-FWP, MIX and F-MIX) were formulated to contain 41% fish meal, 42% fermented fish meal, 59% soybean meal, 55% fermented soybean meal, 55% wheat flour with 26% fish meal, 55% fermented wheat flour with 29% fish meal, 50% sesame seed meal with 10% fish meal, 50% fermented sesame seed meal with 11% fish meal, 55% soya-curd residue or fermented soya curd residue with 25% fish meal, 50% Undaria powder or fermented Undaria powder with 24% fish meal, 50% freshwater plant with 29% fish meal, 50% fermented freshwater plant with 28% fish meal, a mixture of 8% soybean meal, 10% wheat flour, 8% sesame seed meal, 8% soya-curd residue, 8% Undaria powder and 8% freshwater plant with 17% fish meal, and 50% the fermented mixture with 16% fish meal, respectively, as dietary protein sources. Juvenile snails (average weight, 32 ± 0.7 mg) were randomly distributed in forty-eight 25-L aquaria (16 L water each) in a flow-through system at a density of 130 snails per aquarium. Three replicate groups of snails were fed one of the experimental diets ad libitum once per day for 10 weeks. At the end of the feeding experiment, survival of snails was above 98% and not significantly different among the dietary treatments. The best final body weight was observed in snails fed the SBM and WF diets. There were no significant differences in final body weight of snails fed the F-SBM, WF, F-WF and MIX diets, but the value was higher than that of snails fed the FM, F-FM, FWP and F-FWP diets. The lowest value was observed in snails fed the SSM, F-SSM, SCR and F-SCR diets. Whole body protein and lipid contents of snails varied with dietary protein sources. Amino acid composition of whole body was altered by dietary protein sources. The results of the present study indicate that dietary protein sources significantly influence proximate and amino acid composition, and growth performance of snails. Fermentation with ferminpan instant brown yeast does not improve nutritional quality of the protein sources, and soybean meal and wheat flour in combination with fish meal could be potential protein sources in feeds for juvenile snails.  相似文献   

12.
为分析和评价印尼拟松鲷(Datnioides pulcher)的营养价值,采用常规方法检测印尼拟松鲷肌肉的营养成分,并与同科经济鱼类和常见的优质淡水鱼类进行比较。结果显示,印尼拟松鲷肌肉中的水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量分别为65.6%、19.6%、7.6%和1.3%。在肌肉中共测得16种氨基酸,总含量为18.4%,其中,包含7种人体必需氨基酸(EAA),占氨基酸总量(TAA)的36.09%;必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为79.46%,符合FAO/WHO所规定的人体必需氨基酸的均衡模式;印尼拟松鲷第一和第二限制性氨基酸分别是蛋氨酸和缬氨酸;特征性鲜味氨基酸(FAA)含量为42.15%。不饱和脂肪酸共16种,总量为68.41%,其中,油酸和亚油酸分别为23.99%和10.56%,并且含有丰富的DHA和鱼油中相对缺乏的DPA,含量分别为8.5%和5.1%。研究表明,印尼拟松鲷氨基酸含量均衡丰富,不饱和脂肪酸含量高,是兼具较高观赏价值和与食用价值于一身的可开发鱼类品种。  相似文献   

13.
A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to assess the interactions of dietary leucine (Leu) and isoleucine (Ile) on Japanese flounder. Fish of 2.69 ± 0.04 g were fed experimental diets containing two levels of Leu (2.58 and 5.08% of diet) combined with three levels of Ile (1.44, 2.21, and 4.44% of diet), respectively. After the feeding trial, growth, proximate composition, muscle total amino acid profile, blood parameters, mucus lysozyme activity, and stress tolerance to freshwater were measured. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) interactive effects of Leu and Ile were found on growth parameters (final body weight, body weight gain, and special growth rate) of Japanese flounder. Antagonism was discovered in high dietary Leu groups, while stimulatory effects were obtained for increased dietary Ile in low Leu groups. Interactive effects of these two branched-chain amino acids were also found on hepatosomatic index of test fish. In addition, crude lipid content of fish whole body was significantly altered by various diets, with antagonism observed in low dietary Leu groups. Interactive effects also existed in muscle amino acid profiles for low fish meal diets, but no interactive impacts were observed on blood parameters. Furthermore, lysozyme activities and freshwater stress were significantly affected by different diets. And antagonism was found on lysozyme activities in low Leu groups. Moreover, high Leu and high Ile levels of diet significantly altered freshwater stress tolerance of Japanese flounder. These findings suggested that dietary Leu and Ile can effect interactively, and fish fed with diets containing 2.58% Leu with 4.44% Ile and 5.08% Leu with 1.44% Ile showed better growth performance.  相似文献   

14.
ABSTRACT

The aim was to investigate the physicochemical properties of pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) extracted from fish scales of Nile tilapia. The results indicated that Nile tilapia scales are rich in collagen. Therefore, the scales are a promising cost-effective collagen source. The conversion of hydroxyproline to collagen was 12.9. Based on the patterns of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), PSC comprised at least two different α chains, α1 and α2, and was classified to be type I with no disulfide. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum showed that the bands of amide A, I, and II of PSC were found at 3,301, 1,631, and 1,239 cm?1 wavelength. The content of imino acids was 187 residues per 1,000 total amino acid residues. Maximum solubility was observed at pH 4, and minimum was at pH 7. Almost no change in solubility was observed in the presence of NaCl up to 2% (w/v), and the decrease was more pronounced with increasing NaCl concentration. The temperature of denaturation was 35.4°C. Results show that PSC has physicochemical properties that can be applied in the cosmetics, biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food industries.  相似文献   

15.
Snakehead fish (Channa striata) skin is a fishery by-product that has the potential for further processing because it contains a high amount of organic matter. This study investigates the effect of body weight on the chemical composition and collagen content of snakehead fish skin. This study used fresh snakehead fish of either gender. Their body weights were divided into three groups: small, medium, and large size. The characteristics of snakehead fish skin included proximate composition, amino acid content, collagen content, microstructure, and minerals. Snakehead fish skin from fish of different body weights indicated that the moisture content and ash tended to decrease, the protein content was relatively stable, and the lipid content tended to increase with increasing body weight. Glycine and proline comprised the highest percentages of amino acids at all levels of body weight, and the presence of hydroxyproline showed that snakehead fish skin was the source of collagen. There was no significant difference in body weight observed on collagen protein content of the skin. This study on the microstructure and mineral content of snakehead fish skin can be used as supporting information to promote the potential utility and economic value of the skin.  相似文献   

16.
Content of total and free amino acids in zooplanktonic food of fish larvae   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
The content of total and free amino acids in freshwater planktonic rotifers (Brachionus sp.), copepods (Eudiaptomus zachariasi) and groups of Daphnia pulex, Ceriodaphnia sp. and copepodites (Cyclops strenuus) of different sizes was determined. The amino acid content of Artemia salina nauplii on hatching and during fasting was also determined.

Amino acid content was lowest in rotifers and highest in stage III–IV copepodites. The major free amino acids in Cyclops strenuus dry matter were 1.43% arginine, 0.22% histidine, 0.20% alanine, 0.15% glutamic acid and 0.11% lysine. Free arginine content decreased in the daphnids as they increased in size. The content of all free amino acids in fasting Artemia nauplii was lower than in the freshwater zooplankters. The major free amino acids in nauplii were 0.55% proline, 0.41% alanine, 0.34% glycine and 0.37% serine. The content of most free amino acids in nauplii decreased during fasting. The significance of the results are discussed in relation to essential amino acid requirements of fish, and nutrition of fish larvae without fully developed gastrointestinal systems.  相似文献   


17.
The proportion of body fat in farmed fish correlates with the concentration of fat in the feed, and the fatty acid composition of the storage fat usually reflects that of the lipids in the feed. We examined the time course of changes in fatty acid compositions of fillet, viscera and carcass of Atlantic salmon post‐smolt over 14 weeks after transfer from fresh water to seawater. The fish had been fed either high‐(34%) or low‐ (22%) fat feeds based upon either fish or vegetable oils during freshwater rearing. Changes in tissue fat concentrations and fatty acid compositions were studied to assess the extent to which lipid turnover and fatty acid metabolism might contribute to temporal changes in fatty acid profiles. When given a 41% protein, 31% fat, fish oil‐based feed, the tissue fatty acid profiles of salmon fed vegetable oil‐based feeds in fresh water gradually came to resemble those of fish fed the fish oil‐based feed throughout freshwater and seawater rearing. The changes in tissue fatty acid compositions were greatest during the second half of the study, corresponding to the time at which growth rates of the fish were highest (SGRs weeks 0–6, 0.3–0.6% day?1; weeks 0–14 SGRs > 1% day?1). As the fish increased in size and body fat increased, their tissue fatty acid compositions seemed to be influenced more by deposition of fatty acids obtained from the feed than by lipid turnover and fatty acid metabolism.  相似文献   

18.
采用酸水解法测定野生江鳕(Lota lota)的肌肉氨基酸含量,分析其氨基酸的种类与比例,并对其营养成分进行评价。结果表明:江鳕肌肉中含有17种氨基酸,总含量为(72.43±1.16)%(干样),其中7种为人体必需氨基酸(EAA),总量为(29.82±0.57)%,占氨基酸总量的41.17%,其中必需氨基酸的组成比例与联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)的标准相符。江鳕的第一限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸,4种鲜味氨基酸(DAA)总量为(28.34±0.35)%(干样)。必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为62.58。研究表明:江鳕含有丰富的氨基酸具有很高的营养价值和保健作用。  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT

This work aimed at increasing the content of calcium and the quality of fatty acid composition of food mixtures developed with by-products from Nile tilapia fed with flaxseed. Mixes using cassava flour and by-products were submitted to analyses of proximate composition, fatty acids and minerals quantification, and sensory assessment. The lipid and protein fractions were higher for the mix containing 30% addition of fish meal. There was an incorporation effect of essential fatty acids in the mix of flours containing fish fed with flaxseed. Calcium had the highest concentration among minerals. Sensory acceptance range was 55–65% for formulations with fish by-products.  相似文献   

20.
对采自浙江省新昌县的野生(平均质量15.3g)和养殖(平均质量14.9g)光唇鱼肌肉营养组成分别进行了测定和评价。野生光唇鱼肌肉蛋白质含量为16.62%,脂肪2.66%,水分80.73%,灰分0.92%;养殖光唇鱼肌肉蛋白质含量为16.51%,脂肪2.51%,水分80.65%,灰分0.94%;野生光唇鱼的水分、蛋白质和脂肪含量均较养殖光唇鱼略高。共检测到17种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸8种,风味氨基酸4种。野生组的氨基酸总量显著高于养殖组;必需氨基酸的总量也高于养殖组。与养殖光唇鱼相比,野生光唇鱼肌肉中苏氨酸、亮氨酸及含硫氨基酸含量较高。以氨基酸评分为标准,光唇鱼肌肉的第一限制氨基酸是赖氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸;以化学评分为标准,说明光唇鱼肌肉必需氨基酸组成相对平衡且含量丰富,是一种较为平衡的优质蛋白质。共检出22种脂肪酸,光唇鱼肌肉中所含饱和脂肪酸有9种;不饱和脂肪酸共有14种,其中单不饱和脂肪酸6种,多不饱和脂肪酸8种;饱和脂肪酸中C 16:0含量最大;而不饱和脂肪酸中C 16:1和C 18:2含量最高。多不饱和脂肪酸中二十碳五烯酸(C 20:5)含量为10.20%;二十碳六烯酸(C 22:6)含量为9.18%,在淡水鱼中是较高的,是一种优质的淡水食用鱼类。  相似文献   

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