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1.
用纯化栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farrei)急性病毒性坏死症病毒(AVNV)免疫兔子,以兔抗血清为一抗,荧光标记的羊抗兔抗体为二抗,采用冰冻切片技术,建立了栉孔扇贝AVNV的间接免疫荧光检测方法。用该方法分析栉孔扇贝和海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)体内AVNV感染强度,并对感染率进行统计。结果表明,栉孔扇贝的肾脏、肝胰腺中,AVNV阳性信号最强,呈现中度到重度感染,其AVNV感染率100%。鳃丝、性腺及闭壳肌中未检测到阳性信号。在海湾扇贝的肝胰腺及肾中AVNV的感染率也较高。提示AVNV感染扇贝的靶器官主要是肾脏、肝胰腺。对与栉孔扇贝同一海区养殖的海湾扇贝在栉孔扇贝发病期间存活率较高的原因进行了讨论。  相似文献   

2.
王琦  袁涛  何毛贤 《南方水产》2011,7(5):73-80
华贵栉孔扇贝(Chlamys nobilis)为暖水性海产双壳贝类,以营养丰富、味道鲜美和肉质细嫩而著称,是一种优良的养殖贝类,具有生长快、产量高、养殖周期短和经济效益高等特点。文章综述了华贵栉孔扇贝的生殖发育、生长、人工育苗和育种等方面的研究现状,以及遗传标记的开发和应用。分析了目前华贵栉孔扇贝养殖中存在并亟需解决的人工育苗育种及养殖等问题,提出了今后发展的方向和构想。  相似文献   

3.
虾夷扇贝人工育苗的试验   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
虾夷扇贝(Pecten yessocsis)在分类学上属软体动物门办鳃纲扇贝科。近年日本的虾夷扇贝人工养殖发展很快,1970年人工养殖产量只有5874吨,1977年猛增到83213吨。虾夷扇贝同我国的栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)相比,突出的特点是个体大,生长快。在日本人工养殖的个体自采苗算起,  相似文献   

4.
华贵栉孔扇贝(Chlamys nobibis)是我国贝类养殖的重要品种之一,主要有浮筏挂笼养殖、浮筏吊耳养殖、海区底播增殖等养殖方式。汕尾海区华贵栉孔扇贝的自然资源很丰富,在上世纪70年代就开始了该贝的海区采苗和浮筏养殖。  相似文献   

5.
栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)是旅大沿海的特产海珍品,比日本的虾夷扇贝和南海的华贵扇贝肉嫩鲜美、营养丰富,颇受人们欢迎。最近,据国外资料报道,从扇贝肉中提取了一种能抑制癌细胞生长的“原素”,因此,栉孔扇贝的养殖以及利用,更引起了人们的重视。从我国海水养殖的现状来看,扇贝全人工养殖事业,还处在“起步”阶段,而且一直认为扇贝必需在1~2米的深水池中培育,虽然各地建了一些育苗室,但每年获苗量不稳定,加上投资又大,故对加速发展人工养殖扇贝带来一定困难。另外,我们注意到沿海各地为了发展海带养殖,建筑起来的海带育苗室,  相似文献   

6.
养殖栉孔扇贝大量死亡的原因和预防对策   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
张景山 《水产科学》1999,18(1):44-46
在辽宁省浅海浮筏养殖生产中,以扇贝类的养殖规模最大、数量最多。栉孔扇贝是本地种,其养殖用种苗除部分由室内全人工育苗提供外,主要来源于自然海区半人工采苗。与引进种海湾扇贝和虾夷扇贝相比,栉孔扇贝种苗来源简便、数量充足、价格低廉,是贝类养殖的主要品种。以...  相似文献   

7.
王宜艳  孙虎山 《水产科学》2005,24(12):14-17
采用分光光度技术对人工养殖的栉孔扇贝和海湾扇贝血淋巴中部分免疫因子进行了比较研究。结果表明,海湾扇贝血清和血细胞中溶菌酶、非特异性酯酶(NSE)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、髓性过氧化物酶(MPO)、一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、活性氧和H2O2的活力或含量均高于栉孔扇贝,两种扇贝除血清中MPO活力差异不显著外,其他各组均差异极显著或显著。表明人工养殖海湾扇贝较栉孔扇贝的免疫力强。  相似文献   

8.
栉孔扇贝的滤食率与同化率   总被引:18,自引:2,他引:16       下载免费PDF全文
自青岛近海扇贝养殖区取栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)暂养2周,壳长达25.01~73.92 mm.实验前停食24 h,实验温度梯度为8、13、18、23、28℃,其间投喂不同密度的小球藻(Chlorella spp.),静态实验.结果显示,栉孔扇贝的滤食率与温度和体重成正比,且与体重呈幂函数关系.在实验的温度范围内栉孔扇贝滤食率为1.07~11.66 mg/(ind  相似文献   

9.
通过Alkalinity anomaly technique测定了栉孔扇贝Chlamys farreri在不同酸度条件下的钙化率和呼吸率,发现栉孔扇贝的钙化和呼吸活动受酸化影响显著,均随着酸化的加剧出现了明显下降。当pH降低到7.9时,栉孔扇贝的钙化率将会下降33%左右;当pH降到7.3左右时,栉孔扇贝的钙化率将趋近于0,栉孔扇贝无法产生贝壳,而此时栉孔扇贝碳呼吸率(RC)与耗氧率(RO)也分别下降了14%和11%。随着酸化的加剧,栉孔扇贝的能量代谢方式也会发生改变。这些变化都可能影响到栉孔扇贝的生存。  相似文献   

10.
重金属及石油毒性对栉孔扇贝的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)是我国珍贵海珍品之一,主要分布于辽宁和山东沿海。1974年山东长岛县及大连金县的扇贝人工育苗获得成功后,到了八十年代初期,大水体人工育苗已达到62万个/米^3,自然海区平均采苗量为523个/袋,为大规模开展扇贝养殖提供了充足的苗种来源。  相似文献   

11.
World scallop landings increased dramatically inthe last 20 y and in 1996 were about 1.7 million t (whole weight). Aquaculture was the reasonfor this increase and in 1996 accounted for about 90%of landings. Most production of scallops from cultureoperations was from China and Japan (88% of worldproduction) and to a much lesser extent from Chile. Aconsistent 1,000 t annual production from cultureoperations in other countries has rarely been met anddevelopment of the British Columbia scallop culture industry is used as an example to explain the slow progress in achieving higher production. Methods are discussed that could enable establishment of largeeconomically viable scallop culture industries. Thepotential for scallop culture remains high in manycountries but it will require a firm commitment bygovernments and industry to achieve this goal.  相似文献   

12.
Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri Jones et Preston 1904) is one of the most important aquaculture species in China. The development of a genetic linkage map would provide a powerful tool for the genetic improvement of this species. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) is a PCR‐based technique that has proven to be powerful in genome fingerprinting and mapping, and population analysis. Genetic maps of C. farreri were constructed using AFLP markers and a full‐sib family with 60 progeny. A total of 503 segregating AFLP markers were obtained, with 472 following the Mendelian segregation ratio of 1:1 and 31 markers showing significant (P<0.05) segregation distortion. The male map contained 166 informative AFLP markers in 23 linkage groups covering 2468 cM. The average distance between markers was 14.9 cM. The female genetic map consisted of 198 markers in 25 linkage groups spanning 3130 cM with an average inter‐marker spacing of 15.8 cM. DNA polymorphisms that segregated in a 3:1 ratio as well as the AFLP markers that were heterozygous in both parents were included to construct combined linkage genetic map. Five shared linkage groups, ranging from 61.1 to 162.5 cM, were identified between the male and female maps, covering 431 cM. Amplified fragment length polymorphism markers appeared to be evenly distributed within the linkage groups. Although preliminary, these maps provide a starting point for the mapping of the functional genes and quantitative trait loci in C. farreri.  相似文献   

13.
ABSTRACT:   In order to construct a simple sequence repeat (SSR)-based genetic linkage map and to promote molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) in scallop breeding, the methods of Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences COntaining repeats (FIASCO)-colony hybridization and expressed sequence tag (EST) database mining were modified and used to develop 95 novel microsatellite markers for Zhikong scallop. The SSR-enriched library constructed by the FIASCO method consisted of 830 clones, and 295 (35.5%) positive clones were identified after colony hybridization. One hundred and fifty clones were randomly sequenced and the results showed all clones contained at least one microsatellite. Of 91 primer pairs designed, 72 were amplified scorable polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products and 70 were polymorphic with the allele number range of 3–16 alleles/locus (average 7.0 alleles/locus). When EST database mining was performed, 66 microsatellites containing ESTs were identified from 3467 sequences deposited in GenBank. Based on cluster analysis of length and GC content of the flanking regions, 47 primer pairs were designed and 23 scorable EST SSRs were obtained. Compared with genomic SSRs developed in this study, EST SSRs showed lower genetic variability with an average of 4.2 alleles/locus. The results in the present study demonstrate that modified FIASCO-colony hybridization is an efficient and low-cost method for the isolation of large numbers of microsatellite markers for scallop species.  相似文献   

14.
As the potential of scallop aquaculture becomes increasinglyrealised, transfers (movement within a species' range) andintroductions (movement outside a species' range) of scallops arebecoming more common. To predict the genetic consequences oftransfers, information on genetic differences between source andrecipient populations is vital. Morphological, allozyme and DNAbased data on genetic differentiation of scallop populations andscallop sub-species are presented and discussed. Otherconsiderations are the numbers of individuals transferred andwhether they are wild stock or hatchery product. Loss of geneticdiversity is difficult to avoid in hatchery conditions althoughthere are ecological advantages to using disease-free hatcheryseed. Mitochondrial DNA data indicating significant geneticconsequences of the introduction of Argopecten irradians fromthe USA to China are discussed and compared with data onPatinopecten yessoensis introduced from Japan to Canada.Potential risks and consequences of hybridisation should beexperimentally assessed before introductions of scallops arecarried out. Hybridisation is unpredictable and can lead to lossof genetic diversity or breakdown of co-adapted gene complexes.The use of sterile triploid scallops for introductions to avoid hybridisation and reduce ecological impact has merit butreversion to diploidy may occur.  相似文献   

15.
The bay scallop (Argopecten irradians irradians Lamarck 1819) has become one of the most important aquaculture species in China. Genetic improvement of cultured bay scallop can benefit greatly from a better understanding of its genome. In this study, we developed amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and simple sequence repeat markers from expressed sequence tags (EST‐SSRs) for linkage analysis in bay scallop. Segregation of 390 AFLP and eight SSR markers was analysed in a mapping population of 97 progeny. Of the AFLP markers analysed, 326 segregated in the expected 1:1 Mendelian ratio, while the remaining 74 (or 19.0%) showed significant deviation, with 33 (44.6%) being deficient in heterozygotes (A/a). Among the eight polymorphic EST‐SSR loci, one marker (12.5%) was found skewing from its expected Mendelian ratios. Eighteen per cent of the markers segregating from female parent were distorted compared with 21% of the markers segregating from male parent. The female map included 147 markers in 17 linkage groups (LGs) and covered 1892.4 cM of the genome. In the male map, totally 146 AFLP and SSR markers were grouped in 18 LGs spanning 1937.1 cM. The average inter‐marker spacing in female and male map was 12.9 and 13.3 cM respectively. The AFLP and SSR markers were distributed evenly throughout the genome except for a few large gaps over 20 cM. Although preliminary, the genetic maps presented here provide a starting point for the mapping of the bay scallop genome.  相似文献   

16.
三倍体栉孔扇贝的生殖腺观察   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)的繁殖季节,对人工诱导的三倍体栉孔扇贝的生殖腺进行了外观,组织学及电镜观察,结果表明,三本栉孔扇贝的生殖腺外观呈透明状,分不出雌雄,组织切片观察,三倍体雌性的生殖腺滤泡细胞数量少,为一大的空腔,沿滤泡壁排列着单层不连续的卵原细胞,呈不规则形态,另外有许多三倍体的生殖腺组织内含有大量的不定性细胞,可能是尚未分化的生殖细胞,分布在稀少的滤泡内及及其周围,未发现卵原细胞和精原细胞,无法根据滤泡的组织学牧场生区分雌雄,在检查的样品中未发现雄性个体,电镜下观察到了三倍体的精母细胞,细胞结构呈梭形,核开始收缩,细胞质内线粒体较发达,但与二倍体相比细胞及线粒体数量稀少,说明三倍体栉孔扇贝存在着雄性个体,生殖细胞增殖分化出精原细胞和少数初级精母细胞后即停止了发育。  相似文献   

17.
根据2002年和2003年对山东荣成桑沟湾栉孔扇贝养殖海区的水温、盐度、pH、氨氮浓度、亚硝氮浓度等环境因子和扇贝血清中的蛋白浓度、酸性磷酸酶活力、碱性磷酸酶活力、超氧化物歧化酶活力和过氧化氢酶活力等免疫学指标及栉孔扇贝养殖密度和死亡率的监测数据,运用人工神经网络(artificial neurd network,ANN)的原理和误差反相传播(back propagefion,BP)网络的方法,利用MATLAB软件初步建立养殖栉孔扇贝夏季大规模死亡的BP人工神经网络预测模型.预测模型经过300次的学习训练,误差平方和由67.46下降至0.009 1.该预测模型对未参与模型构建的样本预测的结果与实际监测结果的符合率达到87.5%.首次将人工神经网络与水产动物病害死亡的预测相结合,建立的预测模型具有对数据适应能力强,可适时学习,预测结果准确等突出优点,为水产养殖动物病害死亡程度的预测提供了一个新的研究方法.  相似文献   

18.
基于近年来他人构建的遗传连锁图谱,对2011–2013年2–5月期间采集的雌性、雄性及雌雄同体虾夷扇贝进行性别相关AFLP分子标记筛选。从雄性和雌性遗传连锁图谱上选取合计18对引物组合,经3批次试验,有8对引物扩增出性别相关的条带,其中Eb Mc、Ej Mf和Ei Mk重复性好,有4对引物扩增出雌雄同体特异性条带,5对引物扩增出雌性特异性条带。结果表明,基于高密度遗传连锁图谱筛选性别相关分子标记的方法简单可行,雌雄同体的基因组DNA与雌性和雄性存在显著差异,可能是一个单独的群体。  相似文献   

19.
20.
The growth and survival of the scallop Chlamys farreri exposed to different initial densities were evaluated in culture systems from inshore and offshore areas of Sungo Bay, China, from May 2007 to March 2008. Water quality data (e.g. temperature, salinity, current speed, chlorophyll a and total particulate material) were measured concurrently. The C. farreri reached the market size after 10 months of cultivation. Average survival rates for the same initial densities were lower in the inshore area than those in the offshore area. Survival rates also were inversely proportional to the initial densities. Scallops in offshore area with initial densities of 20 and 30 individuals per disc resulted in significantly greater shell heights, soft tissue weights and muscle weight compared with the other experimental groups. Tissue weight increased rapidly from May to September. However, scallops in offshore area had a second growth peak during October to November. Scallops in the offshore area had higher growth and survival rates, which may be attributed to high water current speed resulting in increased food supplies. Results indicate that the scallop C. farreri has an aquaculture potential in offshore cultivation systems.  相似文献   

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