六种常用水产药物对花(鱼骨)的急性毒性试验

在常温静水条件下,六种水产药物对花鱼种的急性毒性试验结果表明:硫酸铜硫酸亚铁合剂、高锰酸钾、亚甲基兰、敌百虫、福尔马林、食盐的安全浓度分别为0.04mg/L、0.26mg/.L、0.70mg/L、3.27mg/L、5.59mg/L、871.43mg/L;花对这6种药物的敏感性大小依次为:硫酸铜硫酸亚铁合剂>高锰酸钾>亚甲基兰甲醛>敌百虫>福尔马林>食盐。     

5种药物对高体革鯻幼鱼的急性毒性试验

在水温26～28℃条件下,用漂白粉、高锰酸钾、福尔马林(40%的甲醛)、硫酸铜、食盐对高体革鯻幼鱼(体长10～13 cm)进行急性毒性试验.结果显示,上述试验药物对高体革鯻24 h的半致死浓度分别为6.381、2.014、158.881、7.046、2246.802 mg/L;安全浓度分别为0.565、0.184、11.921、0.350、1840.091mg/L.高体革鯻幼鱼对5种药物的敏感性强度为:高锰酸钾>硫酸铜>漂白粉>福尔马林(40%的甲醛)>食盐.高锰酸钾的安全浓度低于其常用量,应谨慎使用.     

大鳍(鱼又)对8种常用水产药物的敏感性试验

体长7～8 cm的大鳍(鱼又)对8种常用水产药物的敏感性强度为:硫酸铜＞高锰酸钾＞甲醛＞强氯精＞漂白粉＞敌百虫＞食盐＞亚甲基蓝.安全质量浓度除亚甲基蓝外依次为0.085、0.233、5.21、0.3、0.74、0.497、1045mg/L.硫酸铜不宜作为防治药物,高锰酸钾不宜作为浸洗药物.     

大鳍鳠对8种常用水产药物的敏感性试验

体长7~8cm的大鳍鱼萑又对8种常用水产药物的敏感性强度为:硫酸铜>高锰酸钾>甲醛>强氯精>漂白粉>敌百虫>食盐>亚甲基蓝。安全质量浓度除亚甲基蓝外依次为0.085、0.233、5.21、0.3、0.74、0.497、1045mg/L。硫酸铜不宜作为防治药物,高锰酸钾不宜作为浸洗药物。     

5种常用药物对大黄鱼幼鱼的急性毒性试验

为了解几种水产常用药物对大黄鱼幼鱼的安全使用浓度,在水温22.0~23.8℃,盐度19~23的条件下,采用甲醛、高锰酸钾、硫酸铜、三氯异氰尿酸、二氧化氯等5种药物对全长2.8~3.4 cm的大黄鱼幼鱼进行了急性毒性试验。结果显示,5种药物对大黄鱼幼鱼的48 h半致死浓度和安全浓度分别为:甲醛溶液206.41、32.72 mg/L,高锰酸钾2.06、0.60 mg/L,五水合硫酸铜2.09、0.48 mg/L,三氯异氰尿酸粉8.72、2.18 mg/L,二氧化氯14.94、4.48 mg/L。试验结果表明,甲醛、三氯异氰尿酸、二氧化氯可在大黄鱼幼鱼的病害防治中安全使用,高锰酸钾、硫酸铜则需慎用。     

四种药物对橄榄蛏蚌的急性毒性试验

进行了高锰酸钾、硫酸铜和硫酸亚铁合剂、甲醛、溴氰菊酯对橄榄蛏蚌急性毒性试验,观察了橄榄蛏蚌对不同药物浓度的毒性反应及症状,得出了4种药物对橄榄蛏蚌24h、48h、72h、96h的半致死浓度(LC50)和安全浓度。试验结果表明,4种药物对橄榄蛏蚌的毒性由强到弱依次为:溴氰菊酯>硫酸铜和硫酸亚铁合剂>甲醛>高锰酸钾;其对橄榄蛏蚌的安全浓度分别为:0.03mg/L,0.18mg/L,0.46mg/L和1.03mg/L。     

常用药物对大麻哈鱼（Oncorhychus masu（Brevoort））急性毒性试验

本研究结果表明：大麻哈鱼对于3种药物的敏感性为：硫酸铜〉甲醛〉食盐,安全浓度依次为0.23mg/L、17.98mg/L、2274.95mg/L;24h的半致死浓度依次为1.51mg/L、140.74mg/L、13757.84mg/L;48h的半致死浓度依次为1.24mg/L、107.65mg/L、11321.60mg/L;72h的半致死浓度依次为0.98mg/L、89.72mg/L、10089.35mg/L;96h的半致死浓度依次为0.79mg/L,78.89mg/L,9657.8mg/L。对于大麻哈鱼,甲醛、食盐是比较理想的日常病害防治药物,且食盐具有净化水体、辅助治疗、刺激食欲等作用。     

七种常用药物对光倒刺[鱼巴]的急性毒性试验

在水温23．5—28．5Y：的条件下，用氯化钠、聚维酮碘、强氯精、高锰酸钾、硫酸铜、敌百虫、生石灰等7种药物对全长3．0—4．7cm的光倒刺[鱼巴]进行急性毒性试验，结果表明，以96h半致死浓度为标准，光倒刺[鱼巴]对上述药物的敏感性大小依次为：强氯精〉硫酸铜〉高锰酸钾〉敌百虫〉聚维酮碘〉生石灰〉氯化钠，安全浓度分别为0．05、0．05、0．27、1．1、10．3、61．4和3555．0mg／L。强氯精、硫酸铜和高锰酸钾3种药物的安全浓度低于常用量，应谨慎使用。     

5种常用水产药品对似鲶高原鳅鱼苗的急性毒性实验

本文选择在似鲶高原鳅适宜的水温,采用静水法生物测试的方法,研究了氰戊菊酯、硫酸铜、高锰酸钾、聚维酮碘和甲醛5种药物对似鲶高原鳅鱼苗的急性毒性实验。实验结果表明:5种常用水产药物对似鲶高原鳅24 h半致死浓度(24 h LC_(50))依次为0.183、0.261、3.69、16.3、77.4 mg/L;48 h LC50分别为0.143、1.87、3.33、13.2、75.4 mg/L;96 h LC50分别为0.13、1.42、3.1、11.1、69.7 mg/L;对似鲶高原鳅的安全浓度分别为0.013、0.142、0.31、1.11、6.97 mg/L。5种药物对似鲶高原鳅的毒性强度依次为:氰戊菊酯硫酸铜高锰酸钾聚维酮碘甲醛。似鲶高原鳅对氰戊菊酯、硫酸铜等杀虫剂非常敏感,而对聚维酮碘、甲醛等杀菌剂相对不太敏感,但对高锰酸钾这种杀菌剂较为敏感,所以在使用高锰酸钾时注意浓度的控制。本文就5种药物对似鲶高原鳅的急性毒性效应特征进行分析和探讨。     

南方大口鲶鱼苗对6种药物的忍受力试验

用甲醛、高锰酸钾、硫酸铜硫酸亚铁合剂、敌百虫、漂白粉和生石灰等几种常用水产药物对南方大口鲶进行了毒性试验,测得上述6种药物在水温24～26℃时对平均全长为3 5±0 5cm的南方大口鲶稚鱼的安全浓度分别为31 82、3 18、0 97、1 26、2 92、50 13mg/L。试验还表明,南方大口鲶稚鱼对甲醛等药物的安全浓度均接近或超过家鱼常用浓度,可以用于全池泼洒;其对6种药物敏感性依次为:硫酸铜硫酸亚铁合剂>敌百虫>漂白粉>高锰酸钾>甲醛>生石灰。     

小鳄龟纤毛虫病的防治研究

为筛选孔雀石绿的替代药物,探索小鳄龟纤毛虫病的有效治疗方法,比较了几种常见药物对小鳄龟纤毛虫病的治疗效果及对龟摄食和活动的影响。结果表明,高锰酸钾疗效最好,其次为氯化钠、甲醛溶液,聚维酮碘和硫酸铜无明显疗效;氯化钠和甲醛溶液对龟摄食、活动等影响较大。生产上可采用75g/m~3的高锰酸钾浸洗30分钟防治小鳄龟的纤毛虫病。     

Toxicity of Four Chemotherapeutic Agents to Rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus

As aquaculture evolves from extensive pond culture to intensive tank and cage systems, chemical dips and baths are increasingly being used to treat a concomitant increase in ectoparasitic and bacterial infestations. Some of the main disease‐causing agents are ectoparasites on the skin and gills of fish. Consequently, application of chemotherapeutics is increasing in aquaculture industries in order to control outbreaks of parasitic infestations. However, the toxic effect of commonly used chemotherapeutic agents on specific aquacultured fish species is often unknown. The present work was performed to test the effect of four commonly used chemical treatments on rabbitfish, Siganus rivulatus. The lethal concentrations for 50% of population (LC₅₀) of formalin, copper sulfate, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen peroxide for S. rivulatus juveniles treated for 1 h were assessed. Formalin and potassium permanganate tolerance values were determined by calculating 72‐h LC₅₀ values through probit analysis. The 72‐h LC₅₀ values for the formalin toxicity tests were 551.0 and 1.68 mg/L, respectively. LC₅₀ of copper sulfate and hydrogen peroxide could not be determined from the concentrations tested but were found to be >3 and >700 mg/L, respectively. Accordingly, treatment concentrations of formalin and potassium permanganate used for other fish species could be lethal to S. rivulatus, but the species appears to be quite tolerant to copper sulfate and hydrogen peroxide.     

几个因子对内蒙古自治区卤虫卵孵化率的影响

采用常温、冷冻和盐水浸泡的方法.用3％双氧水、3％甲醛和3％高锰酸钾处理卤虫卵,研究诸因子对卤虫卵孵化率的影响。试验结果表明:产于内蒙古自治区的卤虫卵最佳孵化盐度为35;用3％双氧水和3％甲醛处理卤虫卵均能提高其孵化率;用粗盐饱和溶液处理是保存卤虫卵的好办法。     

Toxicity of some chemical therapeutics to the commercial shrimp,Penaeus californiensis

Information is presented concerning the toxicity of methylene blue, copper sulfate, cutrine, potassium permanganate, formaline-malachite green, and hyamine to Penaeus californiensis Holmes.     

消毒剂和抗生素对硝化细菌活性的影响

硝化细菌是一种在水产养殖中应用较为普遍的微生态制剂,对于养殖水体水质净化至关重要,养殖系统中消毒剂和抗生素的使用会对硝化细菌活性产生不同程度的影响.本研究选取4种消毒剂(高锰酸钾、硫酸铜、戊二醛和84消毒液)和2种抗生素(土霉素和磺胺),研究不同浓度条件下消毒剂和抗生素对硝化细菌菌剂活性的影响.结果表明,4种消毒剂中高...     

Acute Toxicity of Several Chemicals to the Oligochaete Dero digitata

Proliferative gill disease (PGD) is a serious problem in the farm-raised channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus industry. Interrupting the life cycle of the sporozoan causative agent by eliminating Dero digitata worms from culture ponds would be one method of controlling PGD. Eight chemicals—sodium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, formalin, potassium permanganate, liquid copper sulfate, chloramine-T, rotenone and Bayluscide—were tested for acute toxicity against D. digitata . Static, single compound acute toxicity tests were conducted using three replications (10 worm/replicate) of six chemical concentrations and a control. Spearman-Karber analysis was used to calculate 24- and 48-h LC50 concentrations based on active ingredient for each compound. Calculated 24-h LC50 values were: sodium chloride 6,800 mg/L, hydrogen peroxide 13.2 μL/L, formalin 23.3 μL/L, potassium perrnanganate 5.7 mg/L, copper sulfate 7.6 mg/L, chloramine-T 29.5 mg/L, rotenone 0.26 μL/L, and Bayluscide 0.24 mg/L. Formalin and hydrogen peroxide may be options for eliminating D. digitata populations in ponds with fish because their LC50 concentrations were consistent with safe concentrations for fish. Rotenone, Bayluscide, chloramine-T, formalin, and potassium permanganate may be useful as a pond sterilization strategy by treating fingerling ponds prior to stocking fish each year. However, the presence of substrate and organic matter in ponds could impact the efficacy of the chemicals and D. digitata's response to treatment. Treatments should be further evaluated to determine field efficacy, procedures for use, and effects on cost of production.     

Chemical Prevention and Treatment of Winter Saprolegniosis (“Winter Kill”) in Channel Catfish Ictalurus puncfatus1

The efficacies of formalin, potassium permanganate, sodium chloride, and copper sulfate as prophylactic treatments for saprolegniosis (“winter kill”) in channel caffish Icralums puncratus were evaluated. Formalin and copper sulfate were also evaluated as postinfective treatments for the disease. Each of the five experiments was conducted with 5–to 7-g channel catfish placed in static water aquaria maintained in refrigerated tanks. Water temperature was reduced from 25 to 10 C within 36 h and maintained at 10 ± 0.5 C for 28 d. Fish were exposed to cultured Saprolegnia sp. at 20 C, and morbidity and mortality data were recorded for 28 d. Saprolegnia sp.-associated mortalities occurred 7–10 d after exposure. Formalin (25 mg/L) was effective as both a prophylactic and postinfective treatment for saprolegniosis. Copper sulfate was effective in preventing saprolegniosis at a concentration of 0.1 mg/L, but was ineffective as a postinfective treatment. Sodium chloride at 5,000 mg/L was effective in preventing saprolegniosis, but was not practical for use in the commercial catfish industry. Potassium permanganate (up to 0.5 mg/L) was not effective in preventing or treating saprolegniosis in channel caffish. Based on the results of this study, it may be possible to prevent saprolegniosis in channel catfish using formalin or copper sulfate during winter when fish are immunosuppressed by rapid decreases in water temperature or to treat infected fish with formalin. However, the routine use of chemicals to control this disease should not be recommended until studies on their efficacy under typical caffish culture conditions and the effect of long-term use of chemicals on fish and on the environment are completed.     

4种药物对叶尔羌高原鳅的急性毒性试验

在水温(17±2)℃条件下,采用水生生物急性毒性试验方法,研究了福尔马林、高锰酸钾、硫酸铜和敌百虫,4种药物对叶尔羌高原鳅的24h、48h的半致死浓度(LD50)和安全浓度(SC)。结果表明:福尔马林、高锰酸钾、硫酸铜和敌百虫24h的LC50分别为:113.89、6.43、3.37和14.18mg/L。48h的LC50分别为97.03、4.50、2.38和11.28mg/L。4种药物的SC分别为24.08、0.94、0.50和2.69mg/L。在对叶尔羌高原鳅疾病预防和治疗过程中,建议高锰酸钾不要用于疾病的治疗,硫酸铜的使用要谨慎,福尔马林和敌百虫可用于疾病的治疗。     

四种水产药物对硬刺松潘裸鲤幼鱼的急性毒性试验

在溶氧(7.0±0.3)mg/L,水温(18±1)℃,pH 7.8±0.1条件下,采用国家标准半静态方式水生生物急性毒性实验法研究了高锰酸钾、硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂(5∶2)、敌百虫和甲醛对硬刺松潘裸鲤(Gymnocypris potanini firmispinatus Wu et Wu)幼鱼的急性毒性试验。试验结果显示,高锰酸钾、硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂、敌百虫和甲醛对硬刺松潘裸鲤幼鱼的24 h半致死浓度(24 h LC50)分别为4.57、2.74、8.00和54.69 mg/L,48 h半致死浓度(48 h LC50)分别为4.13、2.35、7.34和47.03 mg/L;96 h半致死浓度(96 h LC50)分别为3.37、1.92、4.76和40.44 mg/L;其安全浓度分别为1.01、0.52、1.85和10.43 mg/L。根据国家标准和本实验数据表明,甲醛对硬刺松潘裸鲤幼鱼微毒,高锰酸钾、硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂和敌百虫对其中毒。     

四种常用药物对金鱼的急性毒性试验

研究了4种药物对金鱼的急性毒性作用，结果表明．高锰酸钾、硫酸铜、敌百虫和福尔马林的安全浓度分别为0.80、1．34、4.97、19.86mg／L。根据试验结果，建议在金鱼疾病防治中，高锰酸钾要慎用，福尔马林不宜作为遍洒药物．敌百虫和硫酸铜是理想的鱼病防治药物。