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1.
健康养殖南美白对虾肠道细菌的抗菌活性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用双层琼脂扩散法检测从健康养殖南美白对虾肠道内分离出的111株菌对8株病原菌的抗菌活性。结果表明:111株菌对白假丝酵母菌,非01群霍乱弧菌,嗜水气单胞菌指示菌无抗菌活性,48.6%的菌株对余下的5株指示菌有抗菌活性,其中气单胞菌属和发光杆菌属对荧光假单胞菌与金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制性最强。各菌属中以气单胞菌属,发光杆菌属的抗菌谱最广,弧菌属、肠杆菌科、黄单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属、小球菌属次之。土壤杆菌属、棒状杆菌属、黄杆菌属、产碱杆菌属、假单胞菌属和色杆菌属则没有抗菌活性。  相似文献   

2.
军曹鱼肠道及水体异养菌和弧菌的周年变化   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
采用总活异养菌2216E平板计数法和弧菌TCBS平板计数法对广东深圳大鹏养殖军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum Linnaeus)养殖水体及鱼肠道细菌进行了周年监测。结果显示,育苗初期养殖水体异养菌和弧菌密度分别为0.63×104~6.2×104CFU/mL和0.30×102~1.03×104CFU/mL,鱼肠道异养菌和弧菌密度分别为0.80×106~7.5×107CFU/g和0~1.30×107CFU/g;网箱养殖监测期间,养殖水体异养菌和弧菌密度分别为4.20×103~5.40×105CFU/mL和0.70×102~1.14×105CFU/mL,鱼肠道异养菌和弧菌密度分别为1.50×107~8.78×108CFU/g和1.00×107~3.50×108CFU/g。周年监测结果显示,水体异养菌、弧菌的数量高峰均出现于8-9月份;肠道异养菌及弧菌的数量高峰均出现于6-7月份,分别又在12月份和2月份出现次高峰,弧菌变化趋势始终与异养菌一致。对分离得到的407株菌鉴定到属并进行多样性分析。结果显示,育苗期水体以假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)、黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas)和芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)为优势菌,三者约占水体异养菌总数的70%;养殖后期,弧菌(Vibrio)和发光杆菌(Photobacterium)的数量逐渐上升并占据一定优势,其中假单胞菌、黄单胞菌、弧菌和芽孢杆菌常年出现。鱼肠道异养菌以假单胞菌和芽孢杆菌为优势菌,其次是肠杆菌科(Enterbacteriaceae)细菌,也多次检测到弧菌、发光杆菌、气单胞菌(Aeromonas)和小球菌(Microccus)等。总之,养殖微生态系统的可持续稳定平衡与系统的种群多样性、群落组成及水质因子等因素相关,而整个环境生态系统的平衡直接影响到鱼类肠道的细菌生态系统。  相似文献   

3.
为探讨紫菜和网箱两类海水养殖活动对沉积物异养细菌生态分布的影响,于2006年1月和2006年10月对象山港紫菜养殖区、网箱养殖区沉积物细菌数量和群落结构进行了研究,并与周边非养殖海域对照点进行了比较。结果显示,沉积物异养细菌数量呈现10月份>1月份,网箱养殖区>网箱对照区>紫菜养殖区和紫菜对照区的分布特点,各区异养细菌数量平均值依次为(9.6×104±2.0×105)、(1.5×104±2.4×104)、(4.3×103±1.6×103)和(4.7×103±3.0×103)cfu/g。紫菜养殖区分离细菌109株,归属于17个属,其中芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、棒状杆菌属(Coryneforms)为优势菌属;紫菜对照区分离细菌95株,归属于18个属,其中芽孢杆菌属、棒状杆菌属为优势菌群;网箱养殖区分离细菌136株,归属于11个属,其中假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、弧菌属(Vibrio)、芽孢杆菌属、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)为优势菌群;网箱对照区分离细菌110株,归属于11个属,芽孢杆菌属、棒状杆菌属、假单胞菌属、不动杆菌属、弧菌属为优势菌属。紫菜区和紫菜对照区沉积物检出菌属大多为海洋沉积物中的常见菌属,细菌群落多样性较网箱区和网箱对照区高,而网箱区沉积物长期受到高有机质等外界条件的选择作用,系统中细菌群落多样性下降,菌属组成与污浊海域相似,并且这种影响可能已波及至周边海域。可见,两类养殖区沉积物细菌分布特征存在明显差异,细菌数量和菌属组成与养殖自身污染密切相关。  相似文献   

4.
为认识消化道菌群结构在宿主营养代谢过程中的变化规律, 并探讨饵料菌群对其的影响, 采用 16S rDNA 高通量测序技术, 对黄条鰤(Seriola lalandi)幼鱼一个完整摄食周期内的消化道菌群结构特征进行研究, 并解析其与饵料菌群的相关性。结果显示, 乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、 鞘氨醇单胞菌属 (Sphingomonas) 、拟杆菌属 (Bacteroides) 、气单胞菌属 (Aeromonas) 、弧菌属 (Vibrio) 和 Faecalibacterium 等是黄条鰤胃、幽门盲囊和肠道的共有优势定植菌群。结合营养代谢过程中优势菌属变化规律, 将乳杆菌属、肠弧菌属(Enterovibrio)、双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)、假单胞菌属、不动杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、 Escherichia-Shigella、类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、拟杆菌属、甲基单胞菌属(Methylomonas)、 链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、气单胞菌属、弧菌属、普氏菌属(Prevotella)、芽孢乳杆菌属(Sporolactobacillus)、发光杆菌属(Photobacterium)和 Faecalibacterium 作为本研究黄条鰤幼鱼消化道的核心菌群; 其中的乳杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、芽孢乳杆菌属是水产养殖中常见的潜在益生菌; 而假单胞菌属、气单胞菌属、弧菌属和发光杆菌属中的部分菌株被视为潜在病原菌; 研究结果揭示了潜在益生菌与致病菌始终以动态平衡的状态定植于健康幼鱼的消化道内, 并参与宿主生理活动, 从微生态角度保障宿主健康。通过优势菌群结构演变趋势分析发现, 饵料菌群对营养代谢过程消化道菌群相对丰度的影响较大, 进一步揭示了饵料微生物安全的重要性。  相似文献   

5.
为研究大连两个海区海带相关可培养细菌群落,于2014年12月和2015年3月分别自登沙河湾和正明寺海带养殖区采集健康海带孢子体和海水,采用2216E涂布平板法,共分离出240株细菌,对所有菌株进行PCR和16S rDNA测序。结果表明,120条海带相关序列归属为4个门、5个纲、8个目、15个科、19个属、42个种;120条海水序列属于4个门、6个纲、10个目、18个科、26个属,46个种。在门水平,海带相关和海水细菌群落均可分为变形菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门,其中变形菌门和厚壁菌门为优势门。在属水平,海带相关优势属为嗜冷杆菌属、假单胞菌属、副球菌属和Salinibacterium;海水相关优势属为芽孢杆菌属、假单胞菌属、动球菌属、假交替单胞菌属和弧菌属。只从海带分离出的细菌属于微杆菌属、微小杆菌属、黄杆菌属、短小杆菌属、肠杆菌属、寡养单胞菌属和原小单孢菌属。Srensen指数表明,两个海区海带细菌群落有一定差异,不同海区海水及同一海区海带与海水细菌群落明显不同。  相似文献   

6.
使用2216E平板涂布法从肠道样品分离可培养细菌,通过16S r DNA测序鉴定细菌。所有分离的细菌分为变形菌门(包含γ-变形细菌纲和α-变形细菌纲)和厚壁菌门。其中以γ-变形细菌纲为优势(83.3%)。在属的水平,从肠道中共分离出弧菌属、希瓦氏菌属、假交替单胞菌属、亚硫酸杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、Aliivibrio、发光杆菌属、科尔韦尔氏菌属8个属,其中弧菌属、希瓦氏菌属和假交替单胞菌属的种类占总数的70%。首次发现亚硫酸杆菌属和科尔韦尔氏菌属作为红鳍东方鲀稚鱼肠道菌群的一部分。  相似文献   

7.
扇贝幼虫附着基的细菌组成及其作用   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
徐怀恕  许兵  纪伟尚 《水产学报》1991,15(2):117-123
自海湾扇贝幼虫附着基表面分离到99株附着细菌。经鉴定、分类至9属包括弧菌属、假单胞菌属、无色杆菌属,芽孢杆菌属、气单胞菌属、葡萄球菌属、微球菌属、棒杆菌属和黄杆菌属。扇贝幼虫的附着基表面具有一定数量的附着细菌。单一菌株菌膜实验表明,不同菌株形成的菌膜对幼虫附着的吸引力大小不一。有的细菌促进幼虫附着,有的却有抑制作用。  相似文献   

8.
在育肥饲料中添加虾青素会影响中华绒螫蟹肠道及鳃内的可培养优势菌群以及机体的免疫力,本实验旨在探讨饲料中虾青素含量及养殖水体对其肠道和鳃部菌群的影响。采用不同虾青素含量的饲料(0.00、26.60、41.62、81.37和75.35 mg/kg,分别对应饲料1#~5#)对雄性中华绒螫蟹进行育肥70 d后,利用基础培养基和选择性培养基对其肠道、鳃及养殖水体中的细菌进行传统分离和纯化,所得菌株进行16S rRNA测序,再进行同源性分析后做系统进化树。结果发现,在分离获得的106株细菌(登录号:KU570293~KU570368,KU570370,KU570372~KU570383,KU601302~KU6013 16,KU720553)中,92株为优势菌株,其中,肠道、鳃部和水体各29、32和31株。肠道中的可培养优势细菌属于柠檬酸杆菌属、假单胞菌属和气单胞菌属;而鳃中可培养优势细菌属于柠檬酸杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、假单胞菌属和气单胞菌属;养殖水体中可培养优势细菌属于芽孢杆菌属、气单胞菌属、柠檬酸杆菌属、假单胞菌属和黄杆菌属。饲料2#组肠道中可培养细菌总数最高(1.06×10~8cfu/g);饲料5#肠道中的潜在致病菌数量最低,但其可培养细菌总数显著高于其他饲料组;饲料3#组肠道和鳃中潜在致病菌数量相对较高。研究表明,饲料中添加不同含量的虾青素能够显著影响雄性中华绒螫蟹肠道和鳃中的菌群构成,但对水体中可培养细菌数量无显著影响。本研究首次对投喂不同含量虾青素饲料的育肥期雄性中华绒螫蟹肠道、鳃及养殖水体可培养的优势细菌数量和组成进行分析,探究了饲料中虾青素含量以及养殖水体与蟹肠道内可培养细菌之间的联系,为中华绒螫蟹营养免疫和菌群调控提供了理论基础。  相似文献   

9.
运用专门检测发酵性革兰氏阴性杆菌的微量菌鉴系统——CDRC-菌鉴系统,鉴定水产养殖中分离自患病动物血液、肝胰腺和养殖水体的9个菌株,鉴定结果为9个菌株均为弧菌科细菌,其中4株属于气单胞菌属,分别为嗜水气单胞菌、温和气单胞菌和豚鼠气单胞菌,其余5株属于弧菌属,为副溶血性弧菌和溶藻弧菌。  相似文献   

10.
将均重为18.0g的600尾异育银鲫鱼种(Allogygenetic crucian carp)随机分成10组,每组设2个重复,分别在其养殖水体中添加不同浓度(5×10~8、5×10~9、5×10~(10)cfu/m~3)的光合细菌、芽孢杆菌或1:1的光合细菌芽孢杆菌混合菌,饲养40d后,测定异育银鲫肠道和肝胰脏的蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活性。结果表明,综合考虑芽孢杆菌和光合细菌对异育银鲫肠道和肝胰脏蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶三者的影响,在本试验浓度范围内,浓度为5×10~9cfu/m~3的芽孢杆菌效果最好。  相似文献   

11.
Aeromonas spp. are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, acting as facultative or obligate pathogens for fish. Identifying Aeromonas spp. is important for pathogenesis and prognosis in diagnostic cases but can be difficult because of their close relationship. Forty‐four already characterized isolates of Aeromonas spp. were analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, by gyrase B sequencing, by analysing their fatty acid profiles, by biochemical reactions and by MALDI‐TOF MS. To determine their pathogenicity, cytotoxicity, adhesion to mucus and the expression of 12 virulence factors were tested. The susceptibility of the isolates towards 13 different antibiotics was determined. MALDI‐TOF MS was found to be an acceptable identification method for Aeromonas spp. Although the method does not detect all species correctly, it is time‐effective and entails relatively low costs and no other methods achieved better results. A high prevalence of virulence‐related gene fragments was detected in almost all examined Aeromonas spp., especially in A. hydrophila and A. salmonicida, and most isolates exhibited a cytotoxic effect. Single isolates of A. hydrophila and A. salmonicida showed multiple resistance to antibiotics. These results might indicate the potentially pathogenic capacity of Aeromonas spp., suggesting a risk for aquatic animals and even humans, given their ubiquitous nature.  相似文献   

12.
本文采用AODC法研究了碧流河水库2008年4。11月水体中细菌密度和生物量的变化。结果表明:细菌密度变化在6.09×10^7-13.9×10^7cell·mL^-1之间,平均值为10.4×10^7±6.30×10^7cell·mL^-1,其中5月份最高,6月份最低;最高值出现在5月份下游右侧中层(5.32×10^8cell·mL^-1),是其它采样位点测定值的3~10倍,细菌数量水平、垂直分布无规律,细菌总数与高猛酸钾指数呈正相关;细菌生物量为4.94±2.37mg·L^-1。杆菌长与温度呈显著的正相关,杆菌宽与温度呈显著的负相关;细菌体积与细菌数量、温度分别呈显著的正、负相关性。  相似文献   

13.
Shewanella spp. are Gram‐negative, rod‐shaped, motile bacteria that are widely distributed in marine and freshwater environments. The bacteria are present in the physiological microflora of fish from temperate waters and are known as fish spoilage species. From clinically healthy fish and from fish with skin ulcerations, Shewanella spp. is regularly isolated, indicating a possible role as fish pathogen. In this study, 74 isolates of Shewanella spp. were analysed. For species identification, biochemical techniques, 16S rRNA sequencing, MALDI‐TOF MS and the Sherlock Microbial Identification System (MIS) based on the composition of fatty acid ethyl esters were compared. The phylogenetic relationship, cytotoxicity in vitro and resistance against antibiotics were tested. The most reliable method for species identification was 16S rRNA sequencing. From diseased fish, clinically healthy fish and the aquatic environment, different Shewanella species were isolated. This indicates that Shewanella spp. is widespread in the aquatic milieu and acts as a secondary pathogen. The virulence of Shewanella spp. is probably not depending on the species but on the isolate itself. Many isolates of Shewanella spp. were showing multiresistances against antibiotic substances, especially in samples derived from retailers and in routine diagnostics, all Shewanella spp. should therefore be tested for resistances against antibiotic agents.  相似文献   

14.
The bacterial diversity of a phototrophic biofilm used as nutrient‐recycler into a shrimp aquaculture system and as direct food‐source for shrimp was studied by next‐generation sequencing, considering the 16S rDNA and metagenomics sequence classification using exact alignments. Biofilm was promoted by the modification of cabon:nitrogen ratio and by the addition of the diatom Navicula sp. as promoter. Results revealed a wide diversity of bacteria thriving into the biofilm; most of the bacteria detected in the biofilm belonged to the Proteobacteria (47%), Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia (11%), Bacteriodetes (8%), Planctomycetes (5%) Phylum. Species involved in the decomposition of organic matter, nitrogenous‐ and sulfurous metabolites were detected; moreover, filamentous species known as biomass‐bulking enhancers and producers of adhesin‐like compounds were also detected. Surprising results were also obtained by detecting both, strictly anaerobic and aerobic bacteria involved into the metabolism of nitrogenous compounds. Other species not belonging to the marine environment were also detected, but their role is unclear. Finally, the detection of most of these species may constitute a first case report for a phototrophic biofilm. The results suggest an important role of bacteria in this type of biofilm and a complex microbial‐interaction network.  相似文献   

15.
利用常规分离方法对濒死病鱼的肝、肾组织进行细菌性病原分离,并对所获得的纯培养物进行VITEK-32鉴定、人工感染及体外敏感性试验.结果显示,嗜水气单胞菌是导致花鱼 骨败血症的病原菌,它对四环素、强力霉素耐药,对复方新诺明中度敏感,对恩诺沙星、氟派酸、庆大霉素、丁胺卡那霉素敏感;盐酸恩诺沙星、氟本尼考、甲砜霉素、烟酸诺氟沙星4种药物对分离菌株的最低抑菌质量浓度分别为0.065、4.0、8.0、1.0 μg/ml.  相似文献   

16.
Flavobacterium columnare and F. psychrophilum are important pathogens of the aquaculture industry, and thus disinfection of aquaculture systems and equipment is essential for disease control. This study examined commercially available compounds in vitro for their ability to eliminate these two species of Flavobacterium from the water. The compounds evaluated included Clorox, ethanol, Roccal, Lysol, iodine, formalin, Chloramine-T, glutaraldehyde, potassium permanganate, sodium chloride, and Virkon Aquatic. In this study, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, Clorox, Roccal, Lysol, iodine, glutaraldehyde, Chloramine-T, and Virkon Aquatic reduced the number of bacteria of both species to zero within one minute of contact time. Formalin and 30% ethanol also killed both species of bacteria, but required a longer contact time. Potassium permanganate killed F. columnare within one minute, but did not reduce the numbers of F. psychrophilum even after one hour of contact time. Sodium chloride was not effective.  相似文献   

17.
本文对细菌性败血症发病鱼池细菌数量及气单胞菌的数量、溶血性及致病力进行了研究。结果表明:水温在28.5℃以下时,细菌数量与水温基本成正比,发病池与不发病池的细菌数量无显著性差异;水体中广泛存在气单胞菌,其占水体总菌量比例随水温的上升而升高;发病池及未发病池中均存在能产生hec毒素和不产生hec毒素的嗜水气单胞菌株,两者数量上无显著差异;水体中存在血清型为TPS—30及PBJS—76的嗜水气单胞菌,且大多数对鱼体有毒力,以5×10~7CFU/尾腹腔注射,可使试验鱼大部分或全部发病死亡。  相似文献   

18.
本文报导了斑节对虾双季人工淡化养殖,虾池水与底泥异养菌和弧菌的数量变化及其与主要理化环境因子的关系。表明上半年的第一茬养殖虾池无论是水或底泥的异养菌数和弧菌总数均容易调控在低数量水平,第二茬养殖由于高水温持续整个养殖周期,诸多环境因子波动较大,在人工管理调节下,虾池主要环境因子(细菌数、化学耗氧量、氨氮、溶解氧、pH值)仍处在正常的范围内,但是却显示不出它们之间的相关性,在两茬的养殖中底泥异养菌数和弧菌数都分别比水中高两个数量级和一个数量级。  相似文献   

19.
养殖鱼类细菌性败血症的菌苗制备技术   总被引:26,自引:1,他引:25  
陈月英 《水产学报》1996,20(2):125-131
选择对养殖鱼类致病的嗜水气单胞菌强毒株,用福尔马林以0.05%-1.0%的6个浓度及4、25和63℃等3种温度灭活制成菌苗,进行安全性和免疫保护试验。结果表明:福尔马林的最佳灭活浓度为0.05%-0.2%,浓度过高会影响菌苗的抗原性和对鲫的安全性;灭活温度以4℃明显优于63℃。  相似文献   

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