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1.
按常规生物学方法,对长江铜陵段紫薄鳅(Leptobotia taeniops)的形态特征、体长与体重关系、肥满度、食性、繁殖等个体生物学特征进行了初步研究。结果表明,所取样本体长范围为6.81~12.40cm,体重范围为7.00~36.24g;体长与体重呈显著的幂函数关系:W=0.0348L2.7480(r=0.9090);为偏动物食性的杂食性鱼类。以体长8.00~10.00cm组的肥满度为高,雄性的Fulton肥满度随体长的逐渐增加而降低。性成熟年龄在1+~2+龄,4~7月份产卵繁殖,卵为半漂浮性。种群性比为1:1.4,V期绝对怀卵量平均为2602粒,相对怀卵量平均为127粒/g,成熟卵的卵径达(1.47±0.10)mm。年龄分为3个组,其中2+龄个体占63.79%。  相似文献   

2.
庹云 《水生态学杂志》2012,33(6):109-113
对采集自袁河(宜春市袁州区段)的140尾花(鱼骨)的形态特征、生物学特性进行测量分析.鳍式:背鳍Ⅲ,7~8;臀鳍Ⅲ,6;胸鳍Ⅰ,16 ~18;腹鳍Ⅰ,7~8.食物以摇蚊幼虫、藻类和软体动物为主.由1~5龄组成,2龄组比例最高,占45%.2龄生长速度最快.体长与年龄关系L=2.828t+9.732,体重与年龄关系W=5.690t2+ 14.74t+15.40,休长与体重关系W=2.2×10-2L2.916.个体绝对怀卵量1 602~47477粒,个体绝对繁殖力与体长的回归关系F=1996L-23159,单位体长怀卵量114.23 ~1 684粒/cm,单位体重怀卵量21 ~288粒/g.袁河花(鱼骨)种群的年龄结构不合理,个体小型化.捕捞规格应为体长大于21.45 cm、体重大于133.3 g.  相似文献   

3.
阿克苏河塔里木裂腹鱼生物学初步研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
采用常规生物学方法,对阿克苏河塔里木裂腹鱼的形态特征、体长与体重关系、肥满度、食性、繁殖等个体生物学特征进行了观测研究.结果表明,塔里木裂腹鱼体长与体重的相关表达式为:W=0.020L2.8886(r=0.992);杂食性,喜食水生昆虫.在体长30m以内,随着体长的增加,肥满度逐渐降低.V期时绝对怀卵量平均为3 784粒,相对怀卵量平均为23粒/g.成熟卵卵径为1.51~1.83 mm.种群性比(♀:♂)为1.0:1.4;繁殖群体性比(♀:♂)为1.0:1.5.雄性最小性成熟个体体长77mm、体重7.0 g;雌性最小性成熟个体体长133 mm、体重36.0g.每年4~5月,当水温达到12℃时.开始溯河繁殖.  相似文献   

4.
三道河水库马口鱼的年龄与生长,繁殖和食性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文研究三道河水库马口鱼年龄与生长、繁殖和食性。渔获群体以Ⅰ龄鱼为主,同龄雄鱼体长和体重均较雌鱼大。怀卵量随年龄、体长的增长而增加,平均5608粒,以动物性食物为食,对放养的小规格鱼种的危害主要在放养初期。生殖群体属第Ⅱ类型,只有长期坚持除野才能控制其种群发展。  相似文献   

5.
广东池养鲻鱼的繁殖生物学   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
观察广东池养鲻鱼的繁殖生物学,鲻亲鱼个体一般雌性比雄略大,在池塘养殖条件下,雌雄性比约为2∶1,且有随年龄增长雌鱼比例增大的趋势;广东池养鲻鱼的繁殖季节为11月至翌年2月;繁殖力与体长体重呈正相关关系,个体绝对怀卵量48万~480万粒;在水温19.1~20.4℃,盐度32的条件下,受精卵历时57h10min孵化出鱼苗。  相似文献   

6.
珠江水系大眼鳜的食性研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
根据对珠江大眼鳜的资源调查结果,从饵料生物种类组成、出现频率、不同体长大眼鳜的食物组成差异、食性的季节变化等方面研究了珠江大眼鳜食性特点.表明天然水域中大眼鳜主要以鱼类、昆虫类、植物碎屑等为食,其中鱼类的出现频率高达79.1%,虾的出现频率为53.97%.其食物类群的季节变化明显,但没有出现停止摄食的时期,大眼鳜在春季的摄食强度最大,大眼鳜摄食率和充塞度的季节变化皂一致的.不同体长大眼鳜的饵料有一定的转化或更替阶段,约140 mm体长时为主要饵料转化的第一阶段,约199 mm体长时为主要饵料转化的第二阶段,随着大眼鳜体长的增长,其摄食饵料的个体变大,但种类减少.  相似文献   

7.
雌性克氏原螯虾性腺发育及相关系数的周年动态研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
建立了克氏原螯虾(Procam barus clarkii)生殖群体的平均体长、体重、性腺重及肝脏重的周年统计值,并利用怀卵量、抱卵量、相对繁殖力等生态学参数建立性腺发育数学模型。结果显示:雌性螯虾初始怀卵和抱卵的理论体长分别为5.6 cm和5.8 cm,理论最大怀卵量和抱卵量分别为1963粒和1136粒;通过模拟Logistic曲线,得到怀卵量随体重增长的3个关键点即始盛期、高峰期和盛末期,分别为16.87 g、36.53 g和56.18 g;雌性克氏原螯虾理论最大相对繁殖力的体长为9.22 cm,最大值为19.78粒/g;其理论最大体长为15.01 cm且当体长小于3.43 cm时性腺尚未发育。另外,本研究还分析了克氏原螯虾产卵群体的性成熟时间与结构。  相似文献   

8.
赛里木湖高白鲑繁殖生物学特性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
1999~2003年对赛里木湖高白鲑(Coregonus peled)繁殖生物学特性进行了研究,结果表明:雄性个体多在1^ 龄达到性成熟,为96.1%;雌性个体1^ 龄达到性成熟的为18.2%,其余多在2^ 龄达到性成熟。其繁殖期为12月下旬到第二年1月份,雄性从9月到第二年1月都有流精个体;雌性绝对怀卵量平均为133360粒,相对怀卵量平均为82粒/g,繁殖期平均卵径为1.70mm。其体长与繁殖力关系方程为:F=0.01401L^4.3948(r=0.857)。体重与繁殖力关系方程为:F=130.121W-64196(r=0.898)。本还系统地描述各期精巢和卵巢的形态结构、特征及周年变化。  相似文献   

9.
按常规生物学方法,对长江铜陵段紫薄鳅(Leptobotia taeniops)的形态特征、体长与体重关系、肥满度、食性、繁殖等个体生物学特征进行了初步研究。结果表明,所取样本体长范围为6.81~12.40cm,体重范围为7.00~36.24g;体长与体重呈显著的幂函数关系:W=0.0348L2.7480(r=0.9090);为偏动物食性的杂食性鱼类。以体长8.00~10.00cm组的肥满度为高,雄性的Fulton肥满度随体长的逐渐增加而降低。性成熟年龄在1+~2+龄,4~7月份产卵繁殖,卵为半漂浮性。种群  相似文献   

10.
对2011年6—7月和2013年8月,采自川西高原若尔盖县辖曼乡和红原县木柯乡的粗唇高原鳅(164尾)生物学进行了研究。所获标本体长39.0~71.3mm,体质量0.68~4.57g。分为5个年龄组,其中3龄占多数。以藻类、植物碎屑和昆虫幼虫为食。属均匀生长型鱼类。雌鱼个体的Fulton肥满度在1~3龄阶段随年龄的增加而增加,3龄以后随年龄增长而逐渐减小。雄鱼个体的Fulton肥满度在1~2龄阶段随年龄的增加而增加,2龄以后随年龄增长而逐渐减小。产卵期为6月初到8月中旬,分批产卵,卵产于水草和石块上,卵为黏性卵。绝对怀卵量为922~4436粒,随着年龄的增加,绝对怀卵量逐渐增多。  相似文献   

11.
12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

17.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

18.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

19.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

20.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

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