盐度对中华绒螯蟹雌性亲蟹渗透压调节和酶活性的影响

设置2个盐度组(盐度12与25)和1个对照组(盐度为0),分别于第3、6、12、24、48、72、96和144小时取样,研究盐度对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)雌性亲蟹渗透压调节和酶活性的影响,探讨亲蟹在长江口生殖洄游期间对盐度的适应性。结果表明,随着实验时间延长,盐度组亲蟹血清渗透压总体上呈现逐渐上升趋势;Na+与Cl-浓度总体表现为先上升后下降;盐度组亲蟹Na+-K+-ATPase活性先显著降低而后显著升高,第96小时升至较高水平,随后活性下降至对照组相近水平;碱性磷酸酶活性在肝胰腺中先下降后上升,而在血清中则先上升后下降。综合表明,亲蟹渗透压和离子水平总体上呈现先上升而后下降趋势,实验后期盐度组的亲蟹酶活性与对照组相近,揭示雌性亲蟹在短期内能较好地适应长江口盐度变化,其机体代谢回归相对平衡状态。     

盐度对中华绒螯蟹仔蟹渗透压和非特异性免疫酶的影响

设置盐度梯度0、4、8、12、16、20和24,测定不同盐度下中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)仔蟹成活率和组织匀浆上清液离子浓度、Na~+-K~+-ATPase活性、氧合血蓝蛋白含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酚氧化酶(PO)活性,研究盐度对仔蟹成活率、渗透压调节和非特异性免疫酶活性的影响,探讨仔蟹对盐度的适应性。结果表明,盐度8实验组中华绒螯蟹仔蟹成活率和氧合血蓝蛋白含量最高,分别为(90.00±1.00)%和(0.253±0.023)mg/mL,显著高于其他实验组(P0.05);而在淡水组和盐度24组这两个指标值均降至最低。Na~+、Cl~-、K~+浓度,Na~+-K~+-ATPase活性和非特异性免疫酶活性在盐度0～8时呈下降趋势,而在盐度8～12时逐渐上升,当盐度大于12时趋于稳定;这些指标值在盐度8实验组降到最低,Na~+、Cl~-和K~+浓度分别为(40.897±1.700) mmol/mL、(8.340±2.130) mmol/mL和(1.842±0.158) mmol/mL,Na~+-K~+-ATPase酶活性为(3.153±0.735) U/mg,非特异性免疫酶SOD、AKP和PO活性分别为(129.026±3.496) U/mg、(1.326±0.173) U/mg和(16.366±0.065) ng/mL。综合各项实验指标表明,不同盐度对中华绒螯蟹仔蟹渗透压和非特异性免疫酶活性具有一定影响,中华绒螯蟹仔蟹在盐度4～8水体中有较好的生理适应性,淡水和高盐度水体会降低其渗透压调节和免疫防御功能,这为长江口仔蟹资源变动评估和繁育场保护提供了参考。     

中华绒螯蟹、日本绒螯蟹及其杂交种性腺发育和生化组成的比较

研究了中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)、日本绒螯蟹(E.japonica)及其杂交种成蟹性腺指数、肝胰腺指数、出肉率、总可食率及其常规生化成分,结果显示:(1)中华绒螯蟹的精巢指数显著高于其它两种群蟹,但其肝胰腺指数、出肉率和总可食率均无显著差异;中华绒螯蟹的卵巢指数也显著高于日本绒螯蟹和杂交蟹,而杂交蟹的肝胰腺指数显著高于其它两种群蟹。(2)中华绒螯蟹、日本绒螯蟹和杂交种精巢中水分、蛋白和脂肪含量分别最低,日本绒螯蟹精巢中碳水化合物含量最高;杂交种肝胰腺蛋白、脂肪和碳水化合物含量均最高,日本绒螯蟹肌肉中脂肪含量显著低于其它两种群。(3)日本绒螯蟹卵巢水分含量显著高于其它两种群蟹,蛋白、脂肪和碳水化合物含量显著低于其它两种群;日本绒螯蟹肝胰腺的水分和蛋白含量最高,但脂肪含量最低,杂交种肝胰腺中脂肪含量最高、水分含量最低;日本绒螯蟹肌肉中的水分含量最高,其它生化成分含量最低;中华绒螯蟹肌肉的水分含量最低,其它生化成分含量最高。整体上,中华绒螯蟹具有早熟特性,不同种群绒螯蟹性腺中的主要生化成分含量可能与其发育阶段有关,杂交蟹肝胰腺中脂肪含量较高,日本绒螯蟹肌肉中脂肪含量较低。     

中华绒螯蟹雌性亲蟹血淋巴生化指标与盐度的关系

设定淡水对照组和两个盐度组(盐度12,盐度25),分别在第0、3、6、12、24、48、72、96、144小时取样,研究盐度对中华绒螯蟹雌性亲蟹6项血淋巴生化指标的影响。结果表明,在0~144 h内,盐度组中华绒螯蟹雌性亲蟹血淋巴总蛋白(TP)含量在前6 h显著高于对照组(P<0.05),96 h后高低盐度组TP水平趋于一致,并保持在略高于对照组的稳定水平。葡萄糖(GLU)含量随盐度的升高而增大,盐度组GLU均呈先升高后降低趋势,盐度25组GLU在72 h达到最大值且显著高于盐度12组和对照组(P<0.05)。盐度12组甘油三酯(TG)含量呈降低趋势且在6~144 h显著低于对照组(P<0.05),72 h后显著低于盐度25组(P<0.05),盐度25组TG呈先下降后上升趋势,且在72 h后恢复至对照水平。盐度组碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性呈先升高后降低趋势,盐度组乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性均在3 h达到最大值,12 h取得最小值。分析认为,中华绒螯蟹雌性亲蟹由淡水进入咸水,其血淋巴TP、GLU、TG含量均发生显著性变化,推测其机体加强能量代谢,加速动用脂类和糖类作为能源物质以应对盐度突变刺激;并最先调节蛋白质代谢过程以响应外界坏境的渗透压变化进行渗透压调节,其机体最终能够适应外界较高盐度的水体。     

饲喂不同水平虫草培养残基对中华绒螯蟹营养品质的影响

在基础饲料中分别添加0.25%、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%、4.0%、8.0%、16.0%的蛹虫草培养残基(简称虫草基),以基础饲料为对照,饲喂规格为(4.0±1.0)g的中华绒螯蟹75 d,测定中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)常规营养成分、肌肉与血清氨基酸及肝胰腺脂肪酸含量,研究虫草基对中华绒螯蟹营养品质的影响。结果显示:(1)虫草基对中华绒螯蟹水分和蛋白含量无影响(P>0.05),0.5%和1.0%添加组的全蟹、肌肉、肝胰腺粗脂肪含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。(2)适量添加虫草基可增加中华绒螯蟹肌肉游离氨基酸含量,0.5%～2.0%的添加组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但对氨基酸组成及主要呈味氨基酸含量影响不显著(P>0.05);1.0%和16.0%添加组中华绒螯蟹血清氨基酸和主要呈味氨基酸含量明显提高(P<0.05)。(3)虫草基的添加可提高肝胰腺不饱和脂肪酸及必需脂肪酸含量,且1.0%添加组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。饲料中添加适量的虫草基可提高中华绒螯蟹肌肉与血清的游离氨基酸、血清必需氨基酸、肝胰腺不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸含量,从而改善中华绒螯蟹营养品质。     

铜离子对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹的急性致死效应及组织显微结构的影响

为研究Cu~(2+)对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹的毒性机制,研究首先进行了Cu~(2+)对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹LC_(50)的测定。结果显示,Cu~(2+)对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹24,48,72和96 h的LC_(50)分别为3.824,2.779,1.941和1.666 mg/L。然后进行急性毒性试验以观察Cu~(2+)对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹肝胰腺和鳃组织显微结构的影响,试验组共4组,Cu~(2+)质量浓度分别为0,0.1,0.2和0.4 mg/L,48 h后取样并固定,制作石蜡切片观察。结果显示,低浓度组(0.1 mg/L)中Cu~(2+)也会对肝胰腺及鳃组织造成损伤,随着Cu~(2+)浓度的升高,毒性呈上升趋势,中华绒螯蟹幼蟹肝胰腺及鳃组织出现严重病理损伤。肝胰腺组织表现为细胞中出现大量空泡,基膜与肝小管单层柱状上皮分离形成空腔,甚至在肝小管中出现细胞碎片;鳃组织表现为鳃叶不规则增厚,上皮层严重损伤,甚至出现解体。研究初步探讨了Cu~(2+)对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹的毒害作用,为进一步评价Cu~(2+)在水产养殖中的危害提供了理论基础。     

不同营养供给模式对中华绒螯蟹生长及肝胰腺白化症发病率的影响

采用正交设计法L9(34)将水体水草覆盖率、活螺蛳投放量、饵料中动物性饵料比例、投饵方式等4个因子设计成9种不同营养供给模式,对中华绒螯蟹生长指标及其肝胰腺白化症发病率进行比较研究。每个模式设3个重复,以540只初始体重为每只(9.67±0.47)g的二龄中华绒螯蟹为实验对象,在东太湖中华绒螯蟹围养区的27个独立网围(6m×5m×2.5m)中进行为期240d的养殖实验。结果表明,不同的营养供给模式显著影响中华绒螯蟹生长及其肝胰腺白化症发病率,其中模式4的养殖效果最好,肝胰腺白化症发病率最低。方差分析结果显示,4个因子对中华绒螯蟹生长及其肝胰腺白化症发病率影响作用顺序为:水草覆盖率>动物性饵料比例>投饵方式>螺蛳投放量。将4个因子与养殖蟹肝胰腺白化症发病率、增重倍数、肥满度、回捕率、饵料系数等参数进行回归分析,表明水体水草覆盖率、饵料中动物性饵料比例、投饵方式等因子与中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺白化症发病率及生长指标关系密切,得出中华绒螯蟹养殖较适宜的营养供给模式为:水草覆盖率为73.95%、动物性饵料比例为56.15%~62.22%、投饵方式为全程投喂7.5%~5.0%、螺蛳投放量为5578.05kg.hm-2。     

草甘膦对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹的毒性影响

为研究水稻种植过程中常用除草剂草甘膦对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹的毒性作用,通过48 h半静水法测定草甘膦对中华绒螯蟹的半致死浓度(LC₅₀)和安全浓度(SC),并据此结果设定28 d慢性试验浓度,测定中华绒螯蟹的死亡率、蜕壳率和平均蜕壳天数,以及肝胰腺组织学变化。试验结果表明,急性毒性试验中,草甘膦12、24、36、48 h对中华绒螯蟹的半致死浓度分别为18.91、16.67、13.99、12.09 mg/L,安全浓度为1.9 mg/L；慢性毒性试验中,相比对照组,试验组草甘膦浓度达到0.6 mg/L后中华绒螯蟹的死亡率显著升高,草甘膦浓度达到0.3 mg/L时中华绒螯蟹的蜕壳率显著降低,各组间平均蜕壳时间统计学显示无明显差异,但组织学试验表明,中华绒螯蟹长时间暴露于低于安全浓度的草甘膦中依然会造成肝胰腺的损伤。     

盐度对中华绒螯蟹雌性亲蟹代谢的影响

测定了不同盐度(0,6,12,18,24)条件下,中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)雌性亲蟹的耗氧率、CO2排出率及NH3 N排泄率,并研究了其呼吸熵、氧氮比、代谢率及能源物质供能比随盐度的变化情况。结果表明,体质量为(55.59±6.24)g的中华绒螯蟹雌性亲蟹,在水温(16±1)℃条件下,盐度对其耗氧率及NH3 N排泄率影响显著(P<0.05)。在实验盐度范围内(0~24),其耗氧率及NH3 N排泄率均随盐度的升高而下降,CO2排出率及代谢率的变化趋势与耗氧率一致,且盐度为6的实验组亲蟹CO2排出率及代谢率均与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),在盐度12~24范围内,亲蟹CO2排出率及代谢率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);呼吸熵及氧氮比均变化不显著(P>0.05);能源物质以脂肪的供能比例最大,其次是碳水化合物,蛋白质的供能比例最小。分析认为,中华绒螯蟹雌性亲蟹在生殖洄游过程中主要以脂肪作为供能物质,代谢率与能量消耗逐渐降低。     

长江口中华绒螯蟹雌性亲蟹放流群体与自然群体能量代谢比较

对长江口不同性腺发育时期中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)雌性亲蟹的性腺与肝胰腺进行取样,对比研究放流群体和自然群体之间能量代谢的差异。结果表明,在亲蟹性腺发育的不同时期,放流群体和自然群体的性腺指数均在V期显著升高,而肝胰腺指数无显著变化;性腺总脂含量放流群体在第VI1期显著下降,自然群体在第VI2期显著升高,其它时期变化均不显著;放流群体和自然群体的肝胰腺总脂含量随着性腺的发育逐渐减小,第VI2期显著低于第IV期。在亲蟹性腺发育的同一时期,放流群体性腺和肝胰腺的蛋白水平显著小于自然群体,两个群体的性腺指数、肝胰腺指数、水分含量、总脂含量等指标无显著性差异。因此,可以在放流前对亲蟹进行营养强化,提高其机体蛋白含量,这有助于提升增殖放流效果。     

伊乐藻对中华绒螯蟹生长和营养品质的影响

本研究分析了有伊乐藻(Elodea nuttallii)组和对照组(无伊乐藻)中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)在生长、肌肉氨基酸和脂肪酸组成等方面的差异,探讨伊乐藻对中华绒螯蟹生长和营养品质的影响。结果显示,有伊乐藻组中华绒螯蟹体重、壳长和壳宽增长率与肥满度均显著高于无伊乐藻组(P0.05),但肝胰腺指数和性腺指数差异不显著(P0.05)。伊乐藻组中华绒螯蟹肌肉的氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量均显著高于无伊乐藻组(P0.05);伊乐藻组的雌蟹肝胰腺中的鲜味氨基酸含量也显著高于无伊乐藻组(P0.05),而伊乐藻组和无伊乐藻组的雄蟹肝胰腺氨基酸含量差异不显著(P0.05)。伊乐藻组和无伊乐藻组的中华绒螯蟹肌肉脂肪酸组成和含量差异不显著(P0.05),但伊乐藻组中华绒螯蟹的肝胰腺饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量均显著高于无伊乐藻组(P0.05)。综上所述,伊乐藻不仅有利于中华绒螯蟹的生长,而且能改善中华绒螯蟹的营养品质。     

不同浓度亚硝酸盐亚急性胁迫对凡纳滨对虾生长与免疫功能的影响

为阐明盐度为5条件下不同浓度亚硝酸盐亚急性胁迫对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长与免疫功能的影响,本研究设置5个亚硝酸盐浓度组(0.50、0.90、1.70、3.20和6.00 mg/L)和对照组(0.05 mg/L),检测分析了亚硝酸盐胁迫40 d后凡纳滨对虾免疫相关酶活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及免疫和生长相关基因表达的变化。结果显示,凡纳滨对虾死亡率随亚硝酸盐浓度的增加而升高,6.00 mg/L浓度组体质量增长率(WGR)和体长增长率(LGR)均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。部分浓度组亚硝酸盐对凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺和血清中的免疫相关酶活性具有一定的诱导作用。其中,当亚硝酸盐浓度高于0.50 mg/L时,肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.50、0.90和1.70 mg/L浓度组的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);血清中CAT和SOD活性随亚硝酸盐浓度的增加均呈先降低后升高再降低的趋势;0.90 mg/L浓度组的肝胰腺和血清中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。MDA含量变化无明显规律。此外,血清中谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性显著升高(P<0.05)。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,除0.50 mg/L浓度组外,其他浓度组的mn-sod和hsp70基因表达量显著升高(P<0.05);各浓度组的cat、trx、tgase、trypsin和chitinase基因表达量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。经亚硝酸盐胁迫40 d后,各浓度组凡纳滨对虾的生长和免疫功能均受到明显的阻遏作用。在盐度为5条件下,为确保凡纳滨对虾的健康养殖,亚硝酸盐浓度应控制在0.50 mg/L以内。     

Effects of different stocking densities on the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) in rice crab culture system

This study assessed the effects of stocking density (D02, 0.2 individuals/m²; D03. 0.3 individuals/m²; D04, 0.4 individuals/m²; D05, 0.5 individuals/m²; D06, 0.6 individuals/m²) on Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis; 6.25?±?0.11 g) growth performance, tissue indices, antioxidant enzyme activity (total superoxide, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde), and mRNA expression of antioxidant-related genes (SOD, CAT, GPx) in rice crab culture systems. Our results demonstrated that increasing stocking densities decreased the final weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion efficiency (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of the crabs. The hepatosomatic index (HSI) of female crabs in D04 group was higher than that of other groups. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of the male crabs in the D04 group was significantly higher than that of the other groups(P?<?0.05). The meat yield (MY), total edible yield (TEY), and condition factor (CF) of the female and male crabs in the D04 group were higher than those of the other groups. The antioxidant enzyme activity (T-SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and T-AOC) of male and female crabs in the D04 group was significantly higher than that of the other groups, and the MDA content of the D04 group was significantly lower than that of the other groups (P?<?0.05). The stocking density of 0.4 individuals/m² effectively promoted the efficient mRNA expression of SOD, CAT, and GPx genes in the hepatopancreas of male and female crabs. In summary, the optimal stocking density of E. sinensis in the rice crab culture system is 0.4 individuals/m².

     

Dietary phosphorus prevents oxidative damage and increases antioxidant enzyme activities in intestine and hepatopancreas of juvenile Jian carp

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary phosphorus on the intestine and hepatopancreas antioxidant capacity of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Jian carp, with an average initial weight of 7.17 ± 0.01 g, were fed with diets containing graded concentrations of available phosphorus, namely 1.7 (control), 3.6, 5.5, 7.3, 9.2 and 11.0 g kg^?1 diet for 9 weeks. Results showed that, in intestine and hepatopancreas, content of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC) and glutathione (GSH), capacity of anti‐superoxide anion (ASA) and anti‐hydroxyl radical (AHR), and glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), glutathione S‐transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were significantly affected by dietary phosphorus levels (P < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that significant quadratic responses occurred in MDA content and ASA, GST, GPx and AHR activities in intestine, GSH content and CAT and SOD activities in hepatopancreas (P < 0.05). These results indicate that optimal level of dietary phosphorus prevented oxidative damage and increased antioxidant enzyme activities in the intestine and hepatopancreas of juvenile Jian carp. The phosphorus requirement estimated from MDA using quadratic regression analysis was 5.7 g kg^?1 diet.     

Effect of hypoxia on immunological,physiological response,and hepatopancreatic metabolism of juvenile Chinese mitten crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eriocheir sinensis</Emphasis>

The juvenile Chinese mitten crabs Eriocheir sinensis (1.40 ± 0.43 g) were cultured in water of 5.34 ± 0.43 (hypoxia, treatment group) and 21.02 ± 0.06 kPa (high dissolved oxygen (DO), control group) DO for 24 h, respectively. The total hemocyte counts (THC), the hyaline hemocyte counts were measured at 0 and 24 h in the treatment group, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, concentrations of lactic acid and hemocyanin (Hc) in hemolymph and the metabolism of hepatopancreas (concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol, uric acid, total protein, urea, triglyceride in hepatopancreas) were assayed at 0, 2, 8, and 24 h in both treatment and control groups. The hyaline hemocyte counts and THC decreased significantly by 66 and 49% after exposure to hypoxic water for 24 h, respectively. SOD activity, Hc and lactic acid content were significantly affected in treatment group, and there were significant differences between treatment and control groups. In the treatment group, the concentration of glucose, cholesterol and uric acid in hepatopancreas had a significant variation for 24 h. The concentration of total protein, urea and triglyceride between treatment and control groups was not significantly different after 0, 2, 8, 24 h. However, there were significant differences between treatment and control groups in terms of total protein, glucose, and uric acid concentration. Taken together, the effect of hypoxia is comprehensive in juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis.     

短期高盐胁迫对脆江蓠抗氧化酶活性及光合酶活性的影响

采用实验生态学方法,研究了脆江蓠(Gracilaria chouae)相关酶活性对短期高盐胁迫的响应,旨在为提高脆江蓠规模化养殖夹苗效率提供理论依据。实验设置5个盐度梯度(40、45、50、55和60),自然海水作为对照组,研究了高盐处理0.5 h及自然海水恢复12和24 h对脆江蓠抗氧化酶和光合酶活性的影响。结果显示,高盐胁迫0.5 h后,随盐度的升高,脆江蓠的抗氧化酶中,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性逐渐升高(P<0.05),过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈波动变化(P<0.05),过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性逐渐降低但差异不显著(P>0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量随盐度升高显著升高(P<0.01),上述抗氧化酶活性均在盐度50~55时出现极值;脆江蓠光合作用关键酶Rubisco活性随盐度升高逐渐降低(P<0.01),碳酸酐酶(CA)含量随盐度增加略有增加(P<0.05)。随恢复时间的增加,脆江蓠SOD、POD和CAT活性逐渐升高(P<0.05),MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05);Rubisco活性逐渐升高(P<0.05),CA含量呈波动变化。研究表明,短期高盐胁迫显著影响脆江蓠藻体抗氧化酶和光合酶活性,藻体通过提高抗氧化酶活性以及加强对无机碳的吸收利用来应对高盐胁迫,胁迫去除后逐渐恢复至正常水平。     

Comparative study on the nutrition composition of adult male Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) with different coloured hepatopancreases

High lethality of white hepatopancreas syndrome has caused large economic loss of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). Hepatopancreas colour of diseased crabs is gradually lighter, turning from golden yellow to yellow‐white to white. This study investigated composition of conventional nutrients in three edible parts of different coloured hepatopancreases of adult males, including normal yellow hepatopancreas group (Control), yellow‐white hepatopancreas group (YWH) and white hepatopancreas group (WH). No significant differences were observed in tissue indices and total edible yield among three crab types; however, condition factor level in crabs of YWH and WH was significantly lower. Dry matter content was significantly reduced in crabs of WH, especially crude fat level of hepatopancreas in WH males. Levels of all the amino acids of WH crabs in muscles and gonads were significantly lower than that of control. Proportion of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids were much lower in hepatopancreas of WH crabs than those of control, while proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids and highly unsaturated fatty acids were significantly higher. Overall, YWH and WH do not affect growth. WH crabs showed poor nutritional quality, and nutritional value of YWH was in the middle as transition state between control and WH.     

中华绒螯蟹的摄食节律

为了探究中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)最适宜的投喂时间,本实验将120只初重约68 g的幼蟹随机分养在24个塑料缸(70 cm×40 cm×50 cm)中。采用一次饱食投喂(将昼夜分为8个时间点:10:00、13:00、16:00、19:00、22:00、01:00、04:00、07:00,每个时间段作为1个处理组,每天每个处理组饱食投喂1次)的方法研究中华绒螯蟹的昼夜摄食节律。结果显示,幼蟹在不同投喂时间点表现出24 h周期性的摄食节律,且总摄食高峰期在22:00。从其中6d的平均摄食量可以看出,河蟹主要在19:00~22:00时间段摄食;在肝胰腺酶活性方面,淀粉酶活性在19:00~22:00内高于其他各组,且在22:00获得最高值;脂肪酶、碱性磷酸酶和钠钾ATP酶酶活性有相似的变化趋势,在13:00~22:00时间段这些酶的酶活呈现上升的趋势,且最高值均在22:00获得。在相关摄食基因表达方面,肝胰腺中Leptin基因的相对表达量在22:00点显著低于13:00和16:00,与其他各组相比差异不显著(P0.05);肠道中胆囊收缩素(CCK)基因的相对表达量在22:00点显示出最低值,与10:00、13:00、04:00和07:00点相比差异显著(P0.05)。综上所述,中华绒螯蟹存在明显的摄食节律,这可能与光照紧密相关,最适宜的投喂时间为22:00。     

Nutritional qualities of normal and precocious adult male Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis)

The nutritional values of edible gonad, hepatopancreas and muscle tissues from normal and precocious adult male Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) were investigated herein. The results showed that the average weight and meat yield (MY) of normal crabs were significantly higher than those of precocious crabs, while the hepatopancreas indexes (HSI) and gonadosomatic indexes (GSI) had no significant differences. Precocious and normal crabs had greater protein and lipid contents, respectively, and the differences were mainly reflected in gonads and hepatopancreas. While assessing the amino acid profiles, both precocious and normal crabs could be high‐quality protein sources, particularly the precocious crabs which showed higher levels of essential amino acids. In fatty acid profiling experiments, precocious crabs revealed higher EPA, ∑n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and ∑n‐3/∑n‐6 ratios than normal crabs; however, DHA and ∑n‐6 PUFA contents were considerably lower. Additionally, contents of nutritious minerals K and Ca in precocious crabs were significantly higher than those in normal crabs, while Zn and Fe were significantly lower. In short, our data indicated that precocious Chinese mitten crabs are also a nutritious food, and even in some respects their nutritional value is higher than normal crabs.