珠江中下游草鱼渔业生物学特征研究

根据2019—2020年珠江中下游草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)种群调查数据,对其群体结构和生长现状进行了分析。结果显示,草鱼种群个体体长介于103～665 mm,平均体长为(347.89±96.73) mm;体质量介于21.4～6 650.0 g,平均体质量为(986.87±842.96) g。草鱼种群年龄结构为0~+～5~+龄,优势年龄组为1~+、2~+和3~+龄,占样本总数的92.8%。草鱼体长(L)和体质量(W)呈显著幂函数关系,为匀速生长类型。Von Bertalanffy生长方程参数:L_∞=1 187 mm,k=0.128,t_0=-0.282,W_∞=31 344.51 g,生长特征指数φ=5.26,生长拐点年龄为8.29。总死亡系数Z=0.58,自然死亡系数M=0.29,捕捞死亡系数F=0.29,开发率E=0.5。草鱼雌雄个体数的比例为1.07∶1,性腺成熟度以Ⅱ期为主,相对繁殖力为46.28粒·g~(-1)。与历史资料相比发现,草鱼生长性能下降,种群呈现小型化,繁殖力下降,为促进珠江中下游草鱼资源的恢复,建议降低捕捞强度,开捕体长应大于791 mm,体质量应大于9 279.11 g。     

乌江思南泉水鱼的年龄与生长研究

2011-2012年在乌江思南江段采集454尾(雌性298尾,雄性109尾,性别不辨47尾)泉水鱼(Pseudogyrincheilus procheilus),以鳞片作为材料对年龄进行鉴定,利用软件FISAT-II处理体长与年龄数据,对其生长方程、生长拐点等生物学特征进行了研究。结果表明,泉水鱼鳞片为圆鳞,年轮主要表现为普通切割型与普通疏密型;年龄组成为1~4龄,其中以2~3龄为主;1~4龄,体长增长率为47.4%,雌性体长增长率达50.4%,雄性体长增长率为35.0%,体重增长率为438.5%,雌性体重增长率为485.1%,雄性体重增长率为275.9%;体重(W)与体长(L)呈幂指数关系:W=2×10-6L3.4784(R2=0.8824),雌鱼为:W=3×10-6L3.4002(R2=0.8505),雄鱼为:W=2×10-5L3.019(R2=0.8112);体长(L)和鳞径(S)呈幂函数相关:L=92.597S0.5458;Von Bertalanfy生长方程的各参数为:渐进体长L∞=278.10 mm,生长系数k=0.22,t0=-1.80;雌鱼各参数为:L∞=355.01 mm,k=0.14,t0=-2.38;雄鱼各参数为:L∞=224.04 mm,k=0.32,t0=-1.72,雄鱼达到渐进体长的速度比雌鱼要快得多;体长生长速度和加速度不具拐点,生长速度随年龄增加而递减,生长加速度始终为负值,随年龄增加而增大;体重生长速度和加速度都具有拐点,拐点年龄ti=3.87,拐点体长Li=198.22 mm,拐点体重Wi=195.59 g。结合泉水鱼生长拐点年龄和性成熟年龄,为保护乌江思南泉水鱼资源,建议以180 mm为最小捕捞个体的体长。     

八汊水库翘嘴红鲌的生长及种群控制的研究

八汊水库翘嘴红鲌体长和鳞径的关系为:L=13.7149S-2.2881:体长与体重关系为W=1.625×10~(-2)L~(2.8438)。应用Von-Bertalanffy生长方程拟合其生长规律,其主要生物学参数为:L_∞=51.6cm,W_∞=1211.5g,k=0.2965,t_0=-0.0365,拐点年龄t_i=3.67龄,拐点体重W_i=359.2g。     

厚颌鲂的年龄结构及生长特性

以鳞片作为鉴定年龄的材料,对龙溪河厚颌鲂(Megalobrama pellegrini)种群开展年龄结构与生长特性的研究。结果表明,厚颌鲂鳞片年轮结构呈疏密切割型,年轮特征显著,可用于年龄鉴定,3~4月是年轮形成高峰时间。种群由0~7龄共8个龄组组成,以低龄个体为主,1~3龄个体占83.14%,体长分布主要集中在130~250 mm间(77.71%)。体质量分布主要集中在50~250 g(64.33%)。群体总性比为♀∶♂=1∶1.03,符合1∶1理论比值。体长和鳞径呈直线关系,体长和体质量呈幂函数关系且幂指数接近3,属于匀速生长类型,因此用Von Bertalanffy方程描述其生长特性,相关生长参数分别为:渐近体长L∞=488.89 mm,渐近体质量W∞=2486.96 g,k=0.1648,t0=-0.5453龄。体质量生长拐点Ti=6.40龄,对应体长、体质量分别为Lt=333.14 mm,Wt=746.06 g。厚颌鲂的总体生长性能逊于同属其他鱼类。     

达里湖东北雅罗鱼的生长、死亡和生活史类型的研究

达里湖东北雅罗鱼(Leucisus waleckii)的种群结构参数(体长、体重和年龄)进行测定,估算种群的生长和死亡参数,并研究种群的生活史类型。结果显示:东北雅罗鱼的体长和体重的关系式Wt=0.0281L2t.8152,其vonBertalanffy生长方程各参数为渐近体长L∞=28.9763 cm,渐近体重W∞=366.95 g,生长系数k=0.2586,t0=-0.3237;自然死亡系数M为0.322,总死亡系数Z为0.9386,捕捞死亡系数F为0.6166;生活类型为r-选择。结果表明:作为渔业管理对策,达里湖东北雅罗鱼的起捕年龄应定为3龄以上。     

铜钱山水库黄尾鲴生长的初步研究

对铜钱山水库121尾黄尾鲴作常规生物学测定,经统计分析后得出结论:其体长与鳞长呈直线相关,体长与体重呈幂函数相关,其生长规律符合 von Bertalanffy 生长方程。生长参数为:L∞=450.2411mm,W∞=1135.1402g,R=0.4593,t_0=0.0781,生长拐点年龄为2.47龄,体长为300.00mm,体重为395.62g。根据黄尾鲴生长规律,建议限制捕捞体长30cm、体重0.39kg 以下的个体。     

基于生长和死亡参数变化的官井洋大黄鱼资源现状分析

依据2010—2011年福建官井洋水域渔业资源监测调查资料,对2 098尾大黄鱼的体长、体质量、生长、性腺进行测定。据此,利用von Bertalanffy生长方程和死亡参数分析官井洋大黄鱼资源现状,并讨论了拐点年龄,临界年龄等渔业生物学特征。结果表明,目前官井洋大黄鱼平均体长132.6 mm,优势体长组为110～150 mm,占55.96%;平均体质量45.1 g,优势体质量组为10～50 g,占61.77%,大黄鱼幼鱼和补充群体已成为渔业生产的主要捕捞对象。大黄鱼体长—体质量间的关系式为W=2.001×10-5L3.006。用ELEFAN技术拟合的von Bertalanffy生长方程参数分别为L∞=385.4 mm、k=0.43及t0=-0.32a,拐点年龄为2.2龄。对照20世纪80年代福建近海海域大黄鱼群体L∞值从555.4 mm下降到现在的385.4 mm,拐点年龄由2.97下降到2.2,均表明当今大黄鱼群体小型化且低龄化严重。生长系数k由0.36增长到0.43表明大黄鱼的生长速度加快。总死亡系数(Z)为3.12,自然死亡系数(M)为0.45,捕捞死亡系数(F)为2.67,资源开发率(E)为0.856。大黄鱼M值出现上升,可能与福建近海环境质量下降有关,而高强度的捕捞促使大黄鱼捕捞死亡系数由0.84上升到2.67,说明大黄鱼资源已经处于过度开发状态。在官井洋大黄鱼现行资源状态下,应努力降低捕捞死亡水平,保护大黄鱼生存环境,而对目前以小型化和低龄化为主的大黄鱼群体,建议以控制大黄鱼的开捕年龄(t0)为主。     

澄湖似刺鳊(鱼句)的年龄和生长特征

以鳞片作为鉴定年龄的材料,对澄湖似刺鳊(鱼句)(Paracanthobrama guichenoti)种群开展鳞片与生长特征的研究.结果表明,似刺鳊(鱼句)年轮环纹呈疏密切割或疏密碎裂型,年轮特征显著,偶见幼轮、副轮及生殖痕.种群由1～6龄共6个龄组组成,2～4龄为优势龄组,占总数的80.17%,体长分布范围在14～29.8 cm之间,集中在19～23 cm(占总数的71.49%),体质量范围在56～538.1 g之间,其中体质量为149～242 g的个体占样本总数的67.36%;群体雌雄比为2.18:1,在低龄阶段(1～2龄)雌雄数量基本持平,雄性略占优势;从5龄开始,雌性数量远超出同龄组雄性,6龄以上基本由雌性构成.各龄组雌、雄生长不存在显著性差异(P>0.05).体长与鳞径呈幂函数关系,体质量和体长的幂函数方程为:W=0.0128L3.1587,幂指数接近3,属于匀速生长类型,拟合Von Bertalanffy生长方程为:Lt=30.62(1-e-0.1578(t+3.7887);W=632.49(1-e-0.1578(t+3.7887)3.1587.渐近体长L∞=30.62 cm,渐近体质量W∞=632.49 g,生长拐点时间t=3.55龄,此时的体长和体质量分别为Lt=20.99 cm,Wt=192.24 g.澄湖似刺鳊(鱼句)的总体生长性能优于其他生境种群.     

鄱阳湖鲤的年龄与生长特征

为了解大型通江湖泊鄱阳湖中鲤(Cyprinus carpio Limaeus)的种群状况,根据2001年采集的448尾标本,对鲤的年龄和生长特征进行了研究.鄱阳湖鲤鳞片上的年轮表现为切割与疏密特征,尤以切割为主.渔获物群体平均体长为32.6 cm,平均体重为941.7 g,年龄结构为0+～4+龄,其中3+龄以下个体约占94.0%.鳞径(R)与体长(L)的关系为L=6.7963+29.421R(r=0.9128),体重(W)与体长(L)的关系为形=0.0219L3.0018(r=0.9979),拟合的Von Bertalanffy生长方程参数为L∞=97.26 cm,W=20315.39 g,k=0.2073,t0=-0.7841.与其它水域相比,鄱阳湖鲤生长较快,其生长拐点年龄为4.52龄,建议将其捕捞年龄确定在4.5龄左右.与20世纪70年代相比,鄱阳湖鲤表现出小型化趋势,应采取实施春季禁渔制度、控制捕捞强度、提高捕捞年龄、保护湖滩草洲生态环境等措施,实现渔业资源增殖.     

澄湖似刺鳊鮈的年龄和生长特征

以鳞片作为鉴定年龄的材料,对澄湖似刺鳊鮈（Paracanthobrama guichenoti）种群开展鳞片与生长特征的研究。结果表明,似刺鳊鮈年轮环纹呈疏密切割或疏密碎裂型,年轮特征显著,偶见幼轮、副轮及生殖痕。种群由1-6龄共6个龄组组成,2-4龄为优势龄组,占总数的80.17%,体长分布范围在14-29.8 cm之间,集中在19-23 cm（占总数的71.49%）,体质量范围在56-538.1 g之间,其中体质量为149-242 g的个体占样本总数的67.36%;群体雌雄比为2.18∶1,在低龄阶段（1-2龄）雌雄数量基本持平,雄性略占优势;从5龄开始,雌性数量远超出同龄组雄性,6龄以上基本由雌性构成。各龄组雌、雄生长不存在显著性差异（P〉0.05）。体长与鳞径呈幂函数关系,体质量和体长的幂函数方程为：W=0.0128L^3.1587,幂指数接近3,属于匀速生长类型,拟合Von Bertalanffy生长方程为：Lt =30.62（1-e^-0.1578（t＋3.788 7））;Wt =632.49（1-e^-0.1578（t＋3.7887））^3.1587。渐近体长L∞=30.62 cm,渐近体质量W∞=632.49 g,生长拐点时间t=3.55龄,此时的体长和体质量分别为Lt=20.99 cm,Wt=192.24 g。澄湖似刺鳊鮈的总体生长性能优于其他生境种群。     

The status of marine biodiversity in the Eastern Central Atlantic (West and Central Africa)

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The northeast region of India, comprised of the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, and Tripura, is blessed with rich biodiversity and fisheries resources. With more than 90% of population being fish eaters, there is heavy demand for fish but a wide gap exists between supply and demand. The region produces over 0.214 million tons of fish annually, with almost 50% coming from aquaculture. Aquaculture development in the region is taking place at a rapid rate. However, efforts are necessary to increase the present level of production through both horizontal and vertical expansion. The region has rivers, coldwater streams, floodplain wet lands, reservoirs, lakes, ponds, paddy fields, and mini-barrages to support large-scale aquaculture activities, which can not only produce fish to meet regional requirements, but also export the surplus. This paper describes and discusses the current status of aquaculture, production level, constraints, and future directions towards achieving “fish for all” in the region.     

基于线粒体D-loop区与COI基因序列比较分析养殖与野生银鲳群体遗传多样性

运用线粒体D-loop区与COI基因片段序列比较分析了养殖与野生银鲳群体的遗传多样性。研究结果显示,线粒体D-loop区片段中,A、T、C与G4种核苷酸的平均含量分别为40.00%、30.55%、16.75%和12.70%,A+T的含量为70.55%,明显高于G+C的含量。COI基因片段中,A、T、C和G的平均含量分别为25.85%、33.90%、21.30%和18.85%,A+T的含量(59.75%)同样高于G+C的含量。基于D-loop序列分析所得出的两群体总的变异位点、单倍型数、单倍型多样性、核苷酸多样性及平均核苷酸差异数分别为19、15、0.895、0.007和2.505。基于COI基因所得出的两群体总的变异位点、单倍型数、单倍型多样性、核苷酸多样性及平均核苷酸差异数分别为33、17、0.713、0.004和2.239。基于线粒体D-loop区与COI基因片段序列的研究结果均显示,养殖银鲳群体的遗传多样性低于野生群体的遗传多样性。养殖群体基于线粒体D-loop区与COI基因片段分析得出的单倍型多样性分别为0.562与0.571,野生群体基于线粒体D-loop区与COI基因片段分析得出的单倍型多样性分别...     

Effects of acute hyperglycaemia stress on indices of glucose metabolism and glucose transporter genes expression in cobia (Rachycentron canadum)

The objective of the present study is to preliminarily clarify the mechanism of carbohydrates metabolism in cobia (Rachycentron canadum) (85 ± 3 g) receiving injection of glucose solution. We examined plasma glucose (GLU), total protein (TP), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHOL), insulin, liver glycogen and muscle glycogen, activities of hepatic hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK) and pyruvate kinase (PK), as well as relative expressions of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), GLUT2, GLUT3, GLUT4, GLUT5 and GLUT9 in hemocyte, liver and muscle of R. canadum when fish were injected with 200 μl of glucose solution (255 mg/ml) after 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hr. Fish received injection of 0.68% saline served as control. Results indicated that the plasma GLU, TG and CHOL increased and reached peak at 1, 8 and 48 hr postinjection (hpi) respectively. The hepatic glycogen increased from 1 hpi, and reached peak at 8 hpi, plasma insulin increased at 1 hpi, and reached peak at 2 hpi, and activity of hepatic PK peaked at 8 hpi. Furthermore, the relative expressions of GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3, GLUT4 and GLUT5 in hemocytes reached peak at 1,4, 8, 4 and 8 hpi, respectively, relative expressions of GLUT2, GLUT3, GLUT5 and GLUT9 in liver reached peak at 24, 24, 12 and 24 hpi, respectively, and relative expressions of GLUT1 and GLUT3 in muscle were significantly higher at 2 and 2–4 hpi, respectively compared with those in controls. In conclusion, low ability of utilizing glucose in R. canadum may be attributed to insufficient insulin secretion, low activities of key glycolytic enzymes (HK, PFK and PK) regulated by glucose injection and slow increase of GLUTs.     

Multiple metrics provide context for the distribution of a highly mobile fish predator,the blue catfish

Data sets with increased spatial and temporal resolution can help researchers and resource managers quantify representative distributional patterns of mobile sportfish. In this research, first, we illustrate patterns of sportfish distribution using individual (percent of population, residence time, number of movements) and combined distributional metrics. Second, we apply these metrics to one highly mobile fish species, the blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus), across a range of spatial (whole reservoir, region, site) and temporal (year, month, diel period) scales. Specifically, we tracked 123 acoustically tagged blue catfish with a 20‐receiver array in Milford Reservoir, KS, USA. When we integrated metrics, four site‐specific distributional patterns emerged: (a) a large, active multi‐site fish aggregation, (b) localised site fidelity, (c) transitional sites and (d) rarely used locations. These patterns would not have been detected using a single metric as each measurement revealed a different piece of the distribution story. For example, if we had only quantified percent of population, we could identify fish location, but not whether individual fish spent time at a location or were just passing through. Our examination of multiple scales also provided a novel context for interpreting site‐specific patterns. As an illustration of this insight, using conventional approaches, we would have observed heterogeneity, but we would not have detected fish aggregations, in which individual fish either remained or repeatedly returned to a site. In summary, our results show the advantage of setting the entire ecosystem as the study boundary to integrate multiple responses using a spatially and temporally extensive data set.     

Partial sequence characterization and ontogenetic expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in the tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus)

The tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus) is an economically and socially important freshwater fish species from southeastern Mexico, with high aquaculture potential. This study determined the expression of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1C) in several tissues of adult specimens, as well as in early ontogeny stages of tropical gar. Partial sequences of all genes were obtained for brain, liver, muscle, mesenteric adipose, kidney, testis, gill, and heart in males. Specific qPCR primers were used to compare the expression between tissues and also during larviculture, starting with embryos (0 days after hatching, [DAH]), and at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 DAH. Mesenteric adipose tissue, liver, and muscle showed maximum FAS, ACC1, and CPT1C expression. Additionally, the highest expression of lipogenic genes was detected in embryos (0 DAH), decreasing between 5 and 10 DAH, then increasing at 15 DAH, and ultimately decreasing again from 20 DAH onwards. Based on these results, it can be concluded that genes encoding ACC1, FAS, and CPT1C are expressed differentially across tissues of tropical gar adults, and are regulated during larval development.