不同放养密度对黄颡鱼生长性能及水质的影响

试验研究了不同放养密度对黄颡鱼生长性能和水质的影响,为今后黄颡鱼的露天规模养殖提供参考.试验塘(A、B、C)水深约为2.0 m的土质塘,放养密度分别设置为每667 m2放养1.00,2.00和3.00万尾,试验持续315 d,在试验第1,109和315 d进行3次水质检测,试验结束后测定各塘黄颡鱼的生长性能指标.结果发...     

黄颡鱼1冬龄鱼种的生长研究

对均重为1.25g和3.19g两种规格黄颡鱼1冬龄鱼种的生长研究表明：在自然条件下，人工投喂配合饲料，经过28d培育，体重分别由1.25g增至1.87g,3.19g增至7.67g，平均日增重分别为0.022g和0.160g，总成活率为92.62%。其体长与体重呈正相关。鱼种体重达3g以上时，生长速度加快，且个体间生长速度的差异较大。在人工投喂配合饲料的条件下，鱼种对饲料中粗蛋白含量的要求约为38.54%。     

黄颡鱼池塘养殖试验

黄颡鱼 (Pelteobagrus fuludraco)是长江中下游地区江河湖泊中常见的底层小型鱼类，因肉质细嫩、肉味鲜美、少肌间刺而深受消费者青睐。随着市场需求增大，天然资源的下降，人工养殖黄颡鱼前景广阔。我校于 2000年开展池塘养殖试验，取得了初步成功，现将试验情况介绍如下。 1材料与方法 1.1池塘条件 试验选用 2口面积均为 0.2公顷的成鱼池，水深 1.2米，池底淤泥较厚。放养前各用生石灰 300千克化浆泼洒， 7天后灌水。为增加黄颡鱼的栖息空间，在池四周设置扎捆的竹丝，在沿岸浅水带设置水花生等水草，池内设增氧机 1台。 1.2鱼种放养 …     

pH对黄颡鱼生存和生长的影响

黄颡鱼急性毒性试验。96h时pH＝8.2试验组有半数死亡,pH＝3.4试验组有42.9%的试验鱼死邙,说明黄颡鱼耐酸能力较强。黄颡鱼生长试验,pH＝7.6组增重最多,而pH＝5.2增重最少,在pH5.2－7.6范围内生长和pH密切相关,最适于黄颡鱼生长的pH范围为7.0-7.6。     

池塘养殖黄颡鱼试验

在１ ３３４ｍ＾２池塘,放养５０ｇ／尾黄颡鱼种３ ０００尾,搭配５５ｇ／尾链鳙５００尾。经１２０ｄ饲养,出塘黄颡鱼３０７ｋｇ,链鳙２３０ｋｇ。单位产品利润为９．６８元／ｋｇ,成本利润率为６４％。     

沉水植物对黄颡鱼鱼种培育的影响

黄颡鱼Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｂａｇｒｕｓｆｕｌｖｉｄｒａｃｏ(Ｒｉｃｈａｒｄｓｏｎ)是具有较高经济价值的底栖鲶形目鱼科鱼类 ,有关黄颡鱼生物学基础研究国内已有过报道[1-3 ] ,由于过度捕捞及水环境恶化 ,该鱼种资源受到极大的破坏 ,“黄颡鱼引种繁育及推广养殖”作为江苏省农业品种更新工程项目已顺利完成人工繁殖工作 ,但在育苗期间总伴有大量幼苗生长不良甚至死亡等现象 ,在实践中我们发现鱼苗健康生长不仅需要充足的饵料和溶解氧 ,还需要保持优良的水质环境。栽培沉水植物是维持鱼池正常物质循环和能量循环的重要措施 ,也是加强鱼苗体质减…     

光照强度对黄颡鱼生长和生理性能的影响

使用光强控制法,探究了光照强度1-8W/m2范围内黄颡鱼（Pelteobagrus fulvidraco）生长、生理性能影响。结果表明,光强3-6W/m2黄颡鱼的增重率（8.33-11.78%）、特定增长率（0.53-0.74%）最高,饵料系数最低（6.42-9.17）,黄颡鱼体内的胃蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性和丙二醛含量升高（P＜0.01）,而超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶活性降低（P＜0.01）,抗氧化、免疫性能受到抑制,因光照影响黄颡鱼的生长和消化性能,不同光强条件下养殖水体中的氨氮、溶氧等水质指标出现差异。本研究为黄颡鱼高效养殖提供了理论依据。     

黄颡鱼池塘养殖试验

2003年3月,我们在滨湖宏发水产养殖场4郾4亩池塘中进行了黄颡鱼成鱼养殖试验。经过7个月的养殖,产黄颡鱼902千克,鲢、鳙、草、鲂鱼710千克,取得了显著的经济效益。现将试验情况报告如下。一、材料与方法1郾池塘条件试验池塘4郾4亩,位于微山湖东岸湖滩处。水源充足,水质良好无污     

养殖密度和抗菌肽含量对网箱养殖的黄颡鱼生长性能的影响

在水温19.1～23.2℃下,将平均湿体质量为(19.9±3.5)g的黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus fulvidraco以2kg/m~3(D1)、3kg/m~3(D2)、4kg/m~3(D3)和5kg/m~3(D4)kg/m~3的密度饲养在水库中长2.0m×宽2.0m×高2.0m的网箱中,投喂基础饲料;再按D2组的密度饲养上述规格黄颡鱼幼鱼,分别投喂基础饲料(CK组,对照组)和添加10mg/kg(G1)、30mg/kg(G2)、60mg/kg(G3)和(G4)100mg/kg饲料抗菌肽(水溶)的饲料,研究养殖密度和饲料中添加抗菌肽对黄颡鱼生长性能和体成分的影响。抗菌肽(水溶)用海藻酸钠(剂量250mL,0.5%)包埋,自然风干。70d的养殖结果表明:黄颡鱼末体质量、末体长、特定生长率(SGR)和肥满度(K)随养殖密度增高而下降,饲料系数则上升;D1组黄颡鱼幼鱼末体长、末体质量、日增重率(DBW)、K、存活率(SR)显著高于D3和D4组(P0.05),但D1和D2组的鱼体K、饲料系数(FC)无显著差异(P0.05)。饲料中添加10～30mg/kg抗菌肽可以显著提高黄颡鱼的DBW以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,当添加量为30mg/kg时,SGR最高;当添加量为100mg/kg时,肝脏的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与血清中溶菌酶(LSZ)活性较对照组显著降低(P0.05)。实验证明,黄颡鱼网箱养殖适宜放养密度为3～4kg/m~3,饲料中抗菌肽添加量不超过60mg/kg能促进鱼的生长。添加抗菌肽10mg/kg组鱼的CAT活性最高,显著高于60mg/kg、90mg/kg以及对照组(P0.05);当添加量为30～60mg/kg时,DBW、SGR、K出现差异显著(P0.05),60mg/kg时DBW、SGR和K达到最高,高于其余各组,饲料系数FC下降。     

黄颡鱼稻田养殖技术

一、稻田准备1.稻田开挖选择水源丰富、水质清新无污染、保水性保肥性好的田块,共30亩。冬闲季节搞好田间工程建设。靠近水源一面开挖成5亩大小、深1.5米、与稻田走向一致的蓄养池,池底铺设出水管道,在出水管道附近挖60米2的洼坑,较四周低30厘米以备干塘起捕之用。其余三面开环沟,沟上口宽3米、下口宽1米、深0.8米。田中间开成“井”字型田间沟,沟上口宽2米、下口宽1米、深0.5米,沟与沟相通,蓄养池与田间沟相连处开10厘米深的缺口,使大水期与田间沟相通,沟面用楼板设置几个2米宽的走道,便于田间耕作。整块稻田进出水口呈对角线设置,分别加装…     

嘉陵江黄颡鱼人工养殖的初步研究

用配合饲料Ⅰ、配合饲料Ⅱ、白鲢肉、泥鳅肉、猪肉和田螺肉等六种饵料,在室内循环水簇缸内饲养黄颡鱼60d,试验结果表明：①六种饵料在黄颡鱼消化道中出现率为：配合饲料Ⅰ、白鲢肉＞田螺肉、猪肉＞泥鳅肉、配合饲料Ⅱ。各试验组的增重效果表现出与前者一致的关系。②胃、肠的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性明显增加,表明黄颡鱼具有较强的消化能力。③在水温21℃,黄颡鱼耗氧率为144mg／h.kg,比养殖前增高了13．8％,窒息点在0．309mg／L,与养殖前相比差异不显著（P＞0。05）。总之,黄颡鱼进行人工养殖是可行的,加之营养价值较高,具有较广阔的开发前景。     

柑桔皮粉作饲料添加剂对肉仔鸡生产性能影响的研究

将21日龄笼养京黄肉仔鸡180只随机分3组,再将每组60只鸡各分为3个重复（每个重复20只）。对照组只喂基础饲粮,在此基础上,两个试验组分别添加1.5％、2.5％柑桔皮粉,进行38d饲养试验。结果表明：只均增重试1组1.040kg、试2组1.125kg,分别比对照组（0．963kg）提高8.09％和16.9％,经F检验和多重比较与对照组间分利差异显著（P＜0.05）和极显著（P＜0.01）;科重比（耗料与活重之比）试1组2．55：1、试2组2．46：1,分别比对照组（2．77：1）降低耗料7.94％和11.17％;而每kg增重的饲料成本则分别比对照组减少0.58元和0．88元;两个试验组肉仔鸡成活率分别比对照组高3．3％、5．0％,只均增加收入分别比对照组多1．22元和2.37元,经济效益以试2组为最佳。     

肉兔血浆AKP、GPT活性与生产性能关系的研究

对新西兰白兔、加利福尼亚兔、布列塔尼亚兔(A系)、齐卡兔(G系)、布列塔尼亚兔(A系,♂)×新西兰白兔(♀)、布列塔尼亚兔(A系)(♂)×加利福尼亚兔(♀)、齐卡兔(G系)(♂)×新西兰白兔(♀)、齐卡兔(G系)(♂)×加利福尼亚兔(♀)100日龄血浆碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性,及其与100日龄体重、平均日增重和料重比的相关性进行了研究。结果表明:齐卡兔(G系)、齐卡兔(G系)(♂)×新西兰白兔(♀)、布列塔尼亚兔(A系)血浆AKP活性显著高于新西兰白兔、加利福尼亚兔、布列塔尼亚兔(A系)(♂)×加利福尼亚兔(♀)(P<0.05)。加利福尼亚兔血浆GPT活性显著高于齐卡兔(G系)(♂)×加利福尼亚兔(♀),其它六个品种(或组合)兔之间差异不显著。八个品种(或组合)兔血浆AKP活性与100日龄体重、平均日增重均呈正相关,总相关系数均达极显著水平(P<0.01),与料重比呈负相关,相关不显著。八个品种(或组合)兔血浆GPT活性与100日龄体重、平均日增重基本上呈负相关,且总相关系数达显著或极显著水平,与料重比基本上呈正相关,总相关系数不显著。     

Dietary copper requirement of juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

The present experiment was conducted to quantify dietary copper (Cu) requirement for juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. The six experimental diets were formulated to contain the graded levels of CuSO₄·5H₂O (0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.08 g kg^?1 diet respectively) providing the actual dietary copper values of 2.14 (control), 3.24, 4.57, 7.06, 12.22 and 22.25 mg Cu kg^?1 diet respectively. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of yellow catfish (initial body weight: 3.13 ± 0.09 g, means ± SD) in an indoor static rearing system for 7 weeks. Fish fed the diet containing 3.24 mg Cu kg^?1 diet had the highest weight gain and specific growth rate, but they were not significantly different from that of fish fed the 4.57 and 7.06 mg Cu kg^?1 diets (P > 0.05). The poorest feed conversion rate, the lowest protein efficiency ratio, the lowest hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index were observed in fish fed the diet containing the highest Cu content diet (P < 0.05). Condition factor showed no significant differences among the treatments (P > 0.05). Proximate composition of fish body was significantly affected by dietary copper level (P < 0.05). Cu contents of whole body and liver increased with dietary Cu levels (P < 0.05), but muscle Cu content remained relatively stable (P > 0.05). Analysis by the second‐order regression of SGR and linear regression of whole‐body Cu retention of the fish indicated that dietary Cu requirements in juvenile yellow catfish were 3.13–4.24 mg Cu kg^?1 diet.     

温度对中国对虾幼体生长发育与消化酶活力的影响↑（*）

本文通过计数、称重和酶学分析的实验方法研究温度对中国对虾幼体生长发育与消化酶活力的影响。实验表明，温度对中国对虾各期幼体的存活率、变态率和增重量及三种消化酶活力有明显的影响，呈一个峰值变化。在实验温度范围内随着幼体发育，温度对存活率的影响逐渐减弱，对增重量影响逐渐增大。还表明温度对其各期幼体消化酶活力的影响与食性有关，各期幼体的三种消化酶活力对环境温度有各自的适应性，适温范围为２２－２８℃，而且在幼体发育过程中，其适宜温度逐渐上升。     

Effect of dietary cadmium level on the growth,body composition and several hepatic enzymatic activities of juvenile yellow catfish,Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary cadmium (Cd) level on the growth, body composition and several enzymatic activities of juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. The experimental diets were formulated with CdCl₂·2.5H₂O at levels of 0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 g kg^?1 diet, resulting in four dietary Cd levels of 0.25 (control), 4.92, 48.57 and 474.7 mg Cd kg^?1 diet respectively. They were fed to juvenile yellow catfish (mean initial weight: 3.26±0.07 g, mean±SD) for 4 weeks. Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake and protein efficiency ratio tended to decline with increasing dietary Cd levels (P<0.05). In contrast, the feed conversion ratio was the lowest when the dietary Cd level was 0.25 mg Cd kg^?1 diet. Dietary Cd levels significantly influenced body composition and Cd accumulation. Whole body and vertebrae Cd content generally increased as the dietary Cd levels increased (P<0.05). However, muscle Cd content was detected only in fish fed the diets containing the highest Cd level of the diet (P>0.05). Hepatic alkaline phosphatase, glutathione peroxidase and lactate dehydrogenase activities increased (P<0.05) with increasing dietary Cd level. Succinate dehydrogenase was very variant and not related to dietary treatments. Malic dehydrogenase activity showed no significant differences among the treatments (P>0.05). The present study provided for the first time the toxic assessment of dietborne Cd in yellow catfish, based on growth performance and the changes in hepatic enzymatic activities for the fish species.     

蛤蟆通水库浮游植物初级生产力及能量转化效率的研究

本文论述1991－1993年对蛤蟆通水库游游植物初级生产力和能量转化效率的测定结果。蛤蟆通水库浮游植物初级生产力，日产量达4．420－8．490go2/m^2，水柱年产量达574．6－1103．76go2/m^2。浮游植物初级生产力与浮游植物的现存量、水温、PO4－P等有显著关系。其能量转化效率平均为0．54％，属中等水体。     

Effect of dietary vitamin C on the growth performance,antioxidant ability and innate immunity of juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Richardson)

A 12‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin C on growth performance, antioxidant status and innate immune responses in juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets (44% crude protein and 7% lipid) were formulated to contain six graded dietary vitamin C (ascorbate‐2‐poly‐ phosphate, ROVIMIX^® STAY‐C^® 35) levels ranging from 1.9 to 316.0 mg kg^?1 diet. The results of present study indicated that fish fed the lowest vitamin C diet had lower weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) than those fed the diets supplemented vitamin C. WG and SGR did significantly increase with dietary vitamin C levels increasing from 1.9 to 156.5 mg kg^?1. However, no significant increase was observed with further dietary vitamin C levels increasing from 156.5 to 316 mg kg^?1. Survival, protein efficiency ratio and feed efficiency were not significantly affected by the dietary vitamin C levels. The activities of serum superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase significantly increased when dietary vitamin C levels increased from 1.9 to 156.5 mg kg^?1, fish fed the lowest vitamin C diet had higher serum malondialdehyde content than those fed the diets supplemented with vitamin C. Fish fed the diet containing 156.5 mg kg^?1 vitamin C had the highest lysozyme, total complement activity, phagocytosis index and respiratory burst of head kidney among all treatments. The challenge test with Aeromonas hydrophila indicated that lower cumulative survival was observed in fish fed the lowest vitamin C diet. Analysis by broken‐line regression of SGR and lysozyme activity indicated that the dietary vitamin C requirement of juvenile yellow catfish was estimated to be 114.5 and 102.5 mg kg^?1 diet, respectively.     

氨基酸——金属螯合物添加剂对虹鳟幼鱼生长的影响

本文研究了蛋氨酸—金属螯合物添加剂对虹鳟幼鱼生长的影响。结果表明,该添加剂组增重比基础饵料组和市售无机盐组略高,饵料系数比其它两组略低。经t测验检验,三组之间的差异不显著,还需要对杂食性或植食性鱼类进一步的实验。     

南极磷虾粉替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼生长、免疫及肌肉品质的影响

为研究南极磷虾粉替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼生长性能、血清免疫指标及肌肉品质的影响,实验以初始体质量为(10.51±0.13)g的黄颡鱼为研究对象,南极磷虾粉替代基础饲料(30％鱼粉)中0％(KM0,对照组)、2.5％(KM2.5)、5.0％(KM5)、7.5％(KM7.5)和10％(KM10)的鱼粉,共配制5组等氮等脂的饲料,每...