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1.
pH值和Ca2+浓度对日本沼虾生长和能量收支的影响   总被引:19,自引:1,他引:18  
董双林  堵甫山  赖伟 《水产学报》1994,18(2):118-123
本文报道了不同pH值(6.5、7.5和8.5)和不同Ca^2+浓度(38.8、61.1和78.8ppm)对日本沼是生长和能量收支的影响,实验结果表明,pH值对该虾的生长有一定的影响,Ca^2+和pH值在影响其生长的过程中可能有一定的交互作用,pH值和Ca^2+对该虾生长的影响主要是通过影响其能量摄入量实现的,本实验条件下,该虾摄入的能量平均有15.8%用于生长,1.8%作为粪便排出体外,其余用于呼  相似文献   

2.
pH和盐度对斑节对虾存活,生长和渗透调节能力的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
斑节对虾幼虾(平均体重4.2-5.5g)的pH低临界值使用盐酸醋化海水的静态生物测定的方法来求得。在盐度32ppt进其致死pH(即96hLC50的pH)为3.7(95%置信度是3.4和4.1)。最小可采用的pH(此pH在23d中使生长减少5%),在盐度为30ppt时估算为5.9。同pH7.8相比较,长期(23d)置于低pH(4.9),盐度为30ppt时,对虾于民分明显减少(P<0.001),而蜕皮  相似文献   

3.
条纹石鮨摄食强度与代谢及能量收支间的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
设日摄食率为0.4%、1.5%、4.0%三种水平,分别测定条纹石鱼旨Moronesaxatilis幼鱼的代谢及能量的收支情况。处于饱食(日摄食率4.0%)及维持状态(日摄食率1.5%)下,该鱼代谢率增加的峰值分别于摄食后3h及7h内出现,为静止时代谢水平的2.10倍和2.46倍,SDA(特殊动力作用)持续时间均为21h,SDA总耗能量分别占摄入能的13%和35.8%。条纹石鱼旨在饱食时的转化效率K(湿重)为20.85%。三种摄食水平下条纹石鱼旨的能量收支方程分别为:饱食状态(日摄食率4.0%)时,100C=8.4F+7.8U+13.0SDA+36.9(Rs+Ra)+33.9G;维持状态(日摄食率1.5%)时,100C=7.8F+4.1U+35.8SDA+52.3(Rs+Ra),其中G=0;减重状态(日摄食率0.4%)时,(F+U+R)/(C+P1)=67.3%,其中C+P1=14.4C+85.6P1,F+U+R=1.8F+8.1U+57.4R。  相似文献   

4.
碳酸盐碱、pH对中国对虾幼虾的致毒效应   总被引:23,自引:3,他引:20  
实验结果表明,pH为8.6、9.0、9.3和9.5时,中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)幼虾24h半致死碱度(LC50)分别为22.00、11.66、6.57和3.28mmol/L;随着碱度、pH的升高,中国对虾幼虾的存活率下降。碱度和pH对幼虾的致毒效应应具综合作用,pH8。6~9.0时,HCO3^-、CO3^2-共同影响幼虾的存活率;pH9.0~9.5时,OH^-协同CO3^2-影  相似文献   

5.
水环境中Ca^2+,Mg^2+对中国对虾生存及生长的影响   总被引:23,自引:3,他引:20  
通过单因子静态急性毒性试验和正交设计法,研究水环境中Ca^2+、Mg^2+、Ca^2+、Mg^2+总量及Ca^2+/Mg^2+比值对中国对虾生存及生长的影响。结果表明:(1)中国对虾在水环境中能够生存的Ca^2+、Mg^2+质量浓度范围分别为24.92 ̄280.66mg/L、34.5 ̄344.9mg/L;(2)Ca^2+/Mg^2+比值为1:10,对中国对虾的生存没有影响;(3)中国对虾的生长与C  相似文献   

6.
刀额新对虾的快速自溶技术   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
章超桦 《水产学报》1999,23(4):387-391
通过对刀额新对虾快速自溶影响因素的研究,为虾组织快速自溶技术提供了一个基本模式。结果表明:紫外线照射20分种、Na^+对虾组织快速自溶有促进效果,而K^+、Ca^2对虾组织自溶基本无影响;pH7.0~7.5时,自溶效果最佳;采用45~60℃(5℃/min)的梯度温度优于45℃、55℃、65℃恒温反应的效果。虾组织自溶反应时间为3小时左右,蛋白质水解率可达80%以上。  相似文献   

7.
用三氯化铁回收鱼糜漂洗液中的水溶性蛋白   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
三氯化铁(FeCl3)是一种十分有效的蛋白质凝聚剂,它对白鲢鱼糜漂洗液中的水溶性蛋白质有较强的凝聚作用。使用它,蛋白质的回收率可达80%以上,且废水的COD可下降77%左右。最适宜的回收操作条件为:体系的pH值在5.5~6.5,水温0~15℃,FeCl3的投加量Q根据水样的蛋白质浓度C按式Q=0.163C+0.016(g/L)确定。经测定,凝聚物含蛋白质63.1%,脂肪5.2%,灰分21.8%。  相似文献   

8.
皱纹盘鲍淀粉酶和褐藻酸酶的研究   总被引:21,自引:2,他引:19       下载免费PDF全文
杨蕙萍 《水产学报》1998,22(4):345-351
利用分光光度计比色法测定了2~3cm的皱纹盘鲍(HaliotisdiscushannaiIno)的淀粉酶和褐藻酸酶的最适温度和最适pH以及11种金属离子对其的影响。结果表明:最适温度分别为30℃、35℃,最适pH分别为6.24、7.19,在最适温度下的活化能分别为5.03×104J/mol和1.33×104J/mol;皱纹盘鲍的三种主要消化酶的活性依次为:褐藻酸酶>蛋白酶>淀粉酶。Cu2+、Hg2+、Ag+、Pb2+对淀粉酶活性具有显著的抑制作用,其他离子则具有促进作用,其中又以Mn2+、Ba2+、Ca2+三种金属离子尤为突出,其促进作用比对照组高一倍以上。而对褐藻酸酶,Zn2+、Ag+、Hg2+、Li2+、Ba2+具显著的抑制作用,其他离子则没有作用。  相似文献   

9.
长毛对虾仔虾对不饱和脂肪酸需求量的初步研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
王渊源 《水产学报》1997,21(4):380-385
用正交法对不饱和脂肪酸进行6因素2水平的饲料含量设计,并在对虾营养试验系统中进行饲养实验。结果表明;长毛对虾仔虾的生长率,存活率受不2饱和脂肪酸种类与含量的影响。在本实验条件下,长毛对虾仔虾期C16:n,C18:n,C18;2n,C18;3n,C20:1-5n和C22-24的最适宜含量分别上饲料的0.24%,1.40%,1.85%,0.43%,0.76%和2.25%。  相似文献   

10.
温度对中国对虾能量分配和元素组成的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
于1995年8月~10月,在20℃、25℃和30℃下,以日本刺沙蚕为饵料,测定中国对虾的能量分配和元素组成(CNH)。结果表明,水温30℃时呼吸能显著增大(P<0.05),占摄食能的77.8%。三个温度下平均能量分配比例为:排泄能2.27%,粪便能3.46%,蜕壳能4.19%,生长能22.27%,呼吸能67.73%。呼吸能的变化对生长能影响显著。元素组成以20℃含量最高,虾体能值也最大。C/N值变化表明,随温度升高,脂肪作为中国对虾能量代谢的能源物质比例增大。  相似文献   

11.
A 40‐day experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different Ca2+ concentration fluctuation on the moulting, growth and energy budget of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei with an initial wet body weight of (1.20±0.01) g. The Ca2+ concentration of the control group C385 was 385 mg L?1 throughout the experiment, while the Ca2+ concentration of the C591, C803, C1155 and C2380 groups periodically fluctuated from 385 to 591, 803, 1155 and 2380 mg L?1 respectively. The moulting frequency (MF) of the shrimp in the Ca2+ concentration fluctuating groups was significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The specific growth rates (SGRd) and feed intake of the shrimp in the C591 and C803 groups were significantly higher than those in other groups (P<0.05), but no significant differences in feed efficiency were found among all groups (P>0.05). The shrimp in C591 and C803 groups spent significantly less energy in respiration, while depositing significantly more energy for growth than those in other three groups (P<0.05). These results showed that proper Ca2+ concentration fluctuation could increase the MF and growth rate of the juvenile L. vannamei, and according to the regression formula made using SGRd and range of Ca2+ concentration fluctuation, periodically enhanced Ca2+ concentration of 295 mg L?1 in the seawater was suggested to be used in shrimp culture.  相似文献   

12.
A 50-day experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of constant Ca2+ concentration in salinity fluctuations on growth and energy budget of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. The salinity and Ca2+ concentration of control group S0 were kept 30‰ and 385 mg l−1, respectively throughout the experiment while the ranges of salinity fluctuations of the treatment groups S5 and S5C, S10 and S10C, S15 and S15C, S20 and S20C were 5, 10, 15, and 20‰, respectively. The Ca2+ concentration of the treatment groups S5, S10, S15, and S20 (salinity fluctuation groups) changed with salinities, while the Ca2+ concentration of the treatment groups S5C, S10C, S15C, and S20C (constant Ca2+ concentration groups) was kept 385 mg l−1 during the experiment. The results were as follows: (1) There were no significant differences in SGR of shrimp in salinity fluctuation groups (P > 0.05); But shrimp in the groups S15C and S20C had significantly higher SGR than those in the groups S5C and S0 in constant Ca2+ concentration groups (P < 0.05); (2) Results of the t test showed that significant differences in SGR were also found between S15 and S15C (P = 0.012), and between S20 and S20C (P = 0.013); (3) The shrimp in groups S15C and S20C deposited significantly more energy for growth and spent significantly less energy in respiration than those in groups S15 and S20 (P < 0.05), respectively. These results showed that compared with constant salinity and fluctuating salinities, the growth performance of shrimp under constant Ca2+ concentration in large ranges of salinity fluctuations could be better.  相似文献   

13.
The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of two levels of vitamin E (100 and 300 mg/kg diet) along with two levels of lipid (9 and 14%) and their interaction on growth performance of Indian white shrimp and consequently to evaluate the fatty acid composition and lipid stability of its muscle tissue during frozen storage. Growth of juvenile Indian white shrimp was not significantly affected by dietary vitamin E and lipid levels. Muscle lipid content of shrimp fed diets with 14% lipid was significantly higher than that of with 9% lipid. Obvious effects of the increase in dietary lipid level on muscle fatty acid composition were significant decrease in proportion of 16:0 and increase in proportion of 20:5n-3. The content of vitamin E concentration in shrimp muscle reflected dietary vitamin E concentration and ranged from 6.68 to 14.8 mg/kg muscle corresponding to two (100 and 300 mg/kg) levels of vitamin E in fish diet, respectively. Subsequently, results showed that by increasing the concentration of vitamin E from 100 to 300 mg/kg in diet, the rate of lipid oxidation in the muscle tissue during frozen storage was reduced and, as a result, caused higher HUFA retention in muscle of shrimp fed diet with high lipid level.  相似文献   

14.
张恒  刘立鹤  贺国龙  刘军  黄峰 《水产科学》2011,30(10):591-596
以饲料中添加36%鱼粉作为对照组,用菜籽粕分别替代饲料配方中10%~50%的鱼粉,配成5种等氮等能试验饲料,饲喂凡纳滨对虾,研究不同替代比例对凡纳滨对虾生长性能和虾体氨基酸组成的影响.试验结果表明,饲养56d后,随着菜籽粕替代鱼粉比例的增加,对虾的质量增加率下降,但仅50%替代比例试验组的质量增加率为1542.74%,...  相似文献   

15.
A growth trial was conducted to determine the effects of inclusion of whole shrimp floc or floc fractions to a control diet on growth and survival of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The floc sample was collected from marine shrimp culture tanks and partially fractionated by extraction with water, acetone and hexane. A series of diets was manufactured by inclusion of whole floc (intact or ground), each of the fractions or their combination to a control diet. These diets were fed to shrimp (approximately 1.0 g) in an indoor laboratory under flow‐through conditions for 8 weeks. It was found that addition of whole floc (200 g kg?1) or floc fractions (24–200 g kg?1) to the control diet improved (P < 0.05) shrimp growth rate without affecting (P > 0.05) shrimp survival (>81.3%). Although inclusion of whole floc reduced the crude protein and crude fat contents and gross energy of the control diet, shrimp fed the whole floc‐supplemented diets obtained the highest (P < 0.05) growth rates (1.01 and 1.03 g week?1) among the shrimp fed the 11 tested diets including two control (0.81 and 0.85 g week?1), two commercial (0.45 and 0.71 g week?1) and five floc‐fraction‐added (0.91–1.00 g week?1) diets. Many bioactive compounds in the floc that possibly affected shrimp growth were also analysed and quantified.  相似文献   

16.
水温和盐度对南美白对虾幼虾能量收支的影响   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
王吉桥 《水产学报》2004,28(2):161-166
用室内生态实验法测定了南美白对虾幼虾在不同盐度(5,15或25)和水温(20~23℃,25℃,30℃或33℃)下摄食水丝蚓的能量收支方程。在盐度5~25时,随盐度降低,对虾的能量转换效率升高,同化率降低。在盐度为5时,K1最高(29.02%),同化率最低(77.89%)。对虾具补偿机制来补偿调节渗透压的能耗。盐度对同化率的影响,主要是通过影响呼吸代谢实现的。对虾的特定生长率(y)(%·d-1)随水温(X)(℃)上升而增加,其关系式为:y=0.0168LnX 0.0831(R2=0.9324)。对虾在较高温度下生长快,主要是增加绝对摄食量,提高吸收效率,减少粪便排泄量。在相同温度下,变温时对虾的摄食量高于恒温时。  相似文献   

17.
以脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)为试验对象,探讨了蒽对脊尾白虾存活、免疫和能量分配的影响。将同一批亲虾繁殖的幼虾放在试验室暂养7 d,挑选健康活泼和规格相似的幼虾作为试验对象,推算蒽对脊尾白虾的半致死浓度和安全浓度。试验设置8个浓度梯度,每个处理设3个重复。在试验过程中,每个水族箱加入5只白虾,经试验计算蒽对脊尾白虾24、48、72和96 h半致死浓度分别为21.53、16.31、11.76和9.06 mg/L,安全浓度为2.81 mg/L。在安全浓度下胁迫192 h,测定血清酚氧化酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性,发现蒽对脊尾白虾免疫有着一定程度的抑制作用。随后在安全浓度下试验21 d,设两个处理,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复投放10只白虾,待试验结束后,选取白虾的肌肉部分进行能量分配测定,计算出蛋白含量、脂肪含量、糖元含量和肌肉的总能量储备以及对应能量分配的变化,结果发现对照组与处理组总能量储备相差240.67 mJ·mg^-1(湿重),能量消耗相差252 mJ·mg^-1(湿重),细胞能量分配相差11.33 mJ·mg^-1·h^-1(湿重)。以上结果表明,蒽明显影响脊尾白虾的存活、免疫和代谢。  相似文献   

18.
研究内陆碱性水域凡纳滨对虾体重生长速度分别与碱度、盐度、pH、离子系数、Ca2 、Mg2 、K 质量浓度、Ca2 Mg2 以及(1/2Ca2 )/(1/2Mg2 )、Na /K 等水环境因子的相关性。结果表明,这些因子对对虾体重生长速度的影响存在相互作用;它们与体重生长速度的简单相关性都受到其他因子的显著负效应影响;碱度、盐度、pH、离子系数、Ca2 Mg2 、(1/2Ca2 )/(1/2Mg2 )及Ca2 质量浓度对对虾生长的影响被弱化;Mg2 质量浓度的影响不明显。内陆碱性水域K 质量浓度和Na /K 很可能是影响对虾生长的主要环境因子;适当提高盐度及Ca2 、K 质量浓度,降低Na /K ,将有利于对虾生长。  相似文献   

19.
通过凡纳滨对虾生长试验,研究内陆碳酸盐类盐碱水域对虾生长与碱度、pH、K 浓度、Na /K 及(1/2Ca2 )/(1/2Mg2 )的相关性,为移殖提供技术依据.试验结果表明,幼虾体质量生长速度与5种环境因子的简单相关性均受到其他因子或因子组合的负效应影响,环境因子对幼虾生长的影响程度被削弱.幼虾的体质量生长速度与碱度、pH、K 浓度及(1/2Ca2 )/(1/2Mg2 )的相关性不明显,而与Na /K 显著相关.碱度、pH、K 浓度及(1/2Ca3 )/(1/2Mg2 )对驯化幼虾体质量生长的影响不明显,Na /K 可能是主要影响因子.提高驯化技术水平将有利于幼虾的生长与生存.  相似文献   

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