额尔齐斯河鱼类单殖吸虫研究III. 指环虫属一新记录

记述了采自额尔齐斯河(中国段)湖拟鲤(Rutilusrutilus)鳃上的一种指环虫科(Dactylogyridae)、指环虫属(Dactylogyrus)的维氏指环虫(DactylogyrusvistulaeProst,1957);经比较,鉴定为我国指环虫属一新记录种。对其主要形态特征进行了描述并绘制了特征图,同时与寄生于湖拟鲤鳃上的国内已记述的其它指环虫的主要形态特征进行了比较。     

额尔齐斯河鱼类单殖吸虫研究Ⅲ.指环虫属一新记录

记述了采自额尔齐斯河（中国段）湖拟鲤（Rutilusrutilus）鳃上的一种指环虫科（Dactylogyridae）、指环虫属（Dactylogyrus）的维氏指环虫（DactylogyrusvistulaeProst,1957）;经比较,鉴定为我国指环虫属一新记录种。对其主要形态特征进行了描述并绘制了特征图,同时与寄生于湖拟鲤鳃上的国内已记述的其它指环虫的主要形态特征进行了比较。     

寄生于乌原鲤鳃上之指环虫两新种的记述

本文记述了寄生于乌原鲤鳃上的指环虫两新种。作者分别定名为:囊阴指环虫(新种)Dactylogyrus cystovagina sp.nov.,和剥隘指环虫(新种)Dactylogyrus boaiensis sp.nov.。     

额尔齐斯河银鲫寄生指环虫18S rDNA序列测定及 系统发育研究

为验证依靠形态鉴定的指环虫种类的正确性,进行了分子生物学鉴定,并研究了系统发育。2009-2014年在额尔齐斯河采集的银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)鳃部的指环虫,依靠形态鉴定为坏鳃指环虫(Dactylogyrus vastator)和伸展指环虫(Dactylogyrus extensus)。18S rDNA序列与Gen Bank中18S rDNA序列同源性比较结果,坏鳃指环虫同源性为99.36%(457/460),碱基转换率为0.65%(3/460);伸展指环虫同源性为100%(472/472)。用MEGA4.1软件分析和计算3科8属19种单殖吸虫18S r DNA序列的遗传距离。3个科单殖吸虫种类的种间遗传距离0.006~0.238,指环虫科的遗传距离0.007~0.047,指环虫科与锚首虫科的遗传距离0.097~0.182,指环虫科与鳞盘虫科的遗传距离0.164~0.235。系统发育研究结果,坏鳃指环虫和中间指环虫首先聚为一支,然后与伸展指环虫聚为一支,最终指环虫科的所有虫种聚为一支。研究结果同时也为额尔齐斯河人工养殖银鲫的病害防治提供依据。     

鲤指环虫病的暴发与诊治

鲤指环虫病的暴发与诊治鲤鱼指环虫病的病原为坏鳃指环虫，主要寄生在鲤鱼的鳃上，大量寄生时引起鳃组织的损害，造成鱼体呼吸困难而死亡。１９９５年９月下旬，四川三台和盐亭县两个湖的渔场网箱鲤鱼同时暴发指环虫病，该病来势猛、发病急，几天之内就引起鲤鱼大批死亡，...     

白洋淀4种经济鱼类指环虫寄生情况的调查

于2011-2012年期间,对白洋淀水域4种经济鱼类(鲫鱼、草鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼)指环虫(Dactylogyrus)的寄生情况进行了调查,并对指环虫的重要分类特征——中央大钩和交接器进行了显微拍照。本次调查共发现指环虫12种(其中2种为未定种),在鲫鱼上发现6种,其中美丽指环虫(D.formosus)和弧形指环虫(D.arcuatus)为优势种。鲢鱼上发现2种,鲢指环虫(D.hypophalmichthys)为优势种。鳙鱼上发现2种,鳙指环虫(D.aristichthys)为优势种。草鱼上发现2种,页形指环虫(D.lamellatus)为优势指环虫。通过调查,初步掌握了白洋淀4种经济鱼类指环虫的寄生情况,为白洋淀指环虫病的研究提供了基础资料。     

鱼类指环虫病诊断与防治技术

1病原 1．1分类地位 指环虫属（Dactylogyrus）是扁形动物门、吸虫纲、单殖亚纲、单后盘目、指环虫科的一属。本属种类众多，常见的致病种类有：页形指环虫（Dactylogyrus lamellatus Achmerov）；小鞘指环虫（Dactylogyrus vaginulatus Tchang＆Niu）.     

鳗鲡拟指环虫的抗药性及防治对策

寄生在鱼类躯体及鳃上的单殖类吸虫(Monoge- nea)种类很多,至今已发现大约有200多种,其中以拟指环虫危害最为严重。在鳗鲡鳃上寄生的拟指环虫(Psuedodactylogyrus),常见的有3种:小拟指环虫(P．mincrorchis)、短钩拟指环虫(P．bini)以及鳗拟指环虫(P．angullae)。其中以短钩指环虫个体较大,体长可达1．63 mm,其余2种个体较小;它们对目前东南沿海地区普遍饲养的欧鳗构成很大的威胁。由镜检可见:拟指     

鲤鱼指环虫病的暴发与诊治报道

鲤鱼指环虫病的暴发与诊治报道汪开毓（四川农业大学动物科技学院，雅安６２５０１４）鲤鱼指环虫病的病原为坏鳃指环虫，该虫主要寄生在鲤鱼的鳃上，大量寄生时会引起鳃组织的损害，造成鱼体呼吸困难而死亡。１９９５年９月下旬，四川三台和盐亭县两个湖渔场网箱内养殖的...     

指环虫病

指环虫病是由指环虫属的单殖吸虫寄生于鱼鳃而引起疾病。指环虫属的种类众多，主要致病种类有小鞘指环虫、页形指环虫、鳙指环虫、坏鳃指环虫，常造成鳃的严重损伤，可引起苗种的大批死亡。为我国三类疫病。     

斑节对虾虾苗活力检测方法

该研究通过肉眼观察、镜检，进行干露、饥饿、盐度突降、福尔马林等抗性试验，并采用病毒检测等方法，以期建立评估斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）虾苗活力和质量标准。结果表明，斑节对虾健康虾苗具有趋光性、集群性，体表光洁，肌肉透亮，肠胃食物充盈等特性。测试虾苗干露时间以15min为宜，健康虾苗干露后能立即恢复活力，而病弱虾苗多出现死亡、昏迷现象；虾苗的成活率随饥饿时间的延长而降低，随福尔马林浓度升高和时间延长而降低，随盐度突降幅度增加而降低。健康虾苗能忍受100～200μL·L^-1福尔马林溶液30min，成活率近100％；在盐度20～30下虾苗的成活情况较好，而其在淡水中仅能存活1h。对虾苗进行病毒检测，可以避免养殖中因虾苗携带病毒而可能导致的病毒性疾病的暴发。     

金鳟、虹鳟苗种长途运输实例

鳟鱼发眼卵和旨种运输是养鳟生产的重要环节。发眼卵多在冬季和早春运输，苗种多在晚春和夏季运输。苗种运输大多以鱼篓充氧进行短距离汽车运输，长途运输冷水性鱼苗种的实例很少。本文总结了金鳟和虹鳟苗种长途运输方法，以期与养鳟业界共同交流提高。一、包装材料和方法内包装材料是苗种运输专用塑料袋，规格54×104cm，外包装是泡沫塑料箱，规格63.5×45.5×30．5cm，纸箱规格64×46×32．5cm。塑料袋采取双层式，内装苗种和水共12.5kg，其中苗种0.5-1．3kg，100－2000尾。起运前苗种停食1－2天。运鱼用水水温调至6℃，鱼、水入袋后袋内…     

母猪胎衣不下的病因与防治要点

猪的胎盘属于弥散型胎盘,这种胎盘的结构特点和饲养管理的不当,常常导致母猪胎衣不下发生,给生猪的生产繁殖带来极大损失。本文针对母猪胎衣不下发生病因、综合防治进行详细阐述,旨在对预防和治疗胎衣不下能有所帮助。     

Estimation of variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum by survival analysis of experimental infection of salmonid fish

The variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum , the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonid fish, was studied by infecting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with two isolates (strains 325 and 932) from diseased Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and one isolate (strain 4366) from an apparently healthy Atlantic salmon. Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), were injected with the strain 932 to estimate difference in fish species resistance. Fish were removed by random sampling for other study purposes, a study design possible with analysis of lifetime distributions incorporating both sampling-, death- and survival-times. At the end of the experiment, the rainbow trout infected with strains 325, 932 and 4366 had a survival probability of 33%, 51% and 72%, respectively. The coho salmon infected with strain 932 had a 26% survival probability. The strain differences were significant according to the log-rank test, and the risk ratio between the strains ranged from 1·8 to 5·4. The strain from the apparently healthy fish was least virulent. The survival of the fish species was different over time. Rainbow trout were more likely to die early in the time course, but high numbers of coho died later, resulting in an overall risk of mortality of 1·4 in favour of rainbow trout. Differences in virulence may reflect changed selective pressure on R. salmoninarum when introduced from feral stocks into the environment of fish farms.     

Characterization of protease inhibitors of seminal plasma of cyprinids

Anti-proteinase activity was demonstrated in the seminal plasma of cyprinid fish species (bream, chub, ide, dace, asp, goldfish, roach, common carp) using electrophoretic techniques combined with a detection method based on inhibition of bovine trypsin. We found species-specific protease inhibitors in the seminal plasma of cyprinids. At least three bands of protease inhibitors with different migration rates could be identified by native PAGE. Higher variability was characterized for bands with slower migration rates. Visualization of inhibitors after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions allowed estimation of their molecular weights. Apparent molecular weights were within the range of 51–59 and 47–54 kDa for the bands with slower and moderate migration rates, respectively. The molecular weight of fast migration bands for roach and common carp were estimated to 23 and 30 kDa, respectively. Inhibitors of common carp seminal plasma differed in their affinity toward serine proteases. Three inhibitors in common carp seminal plasma could be visualized using cod and bovine trypsin, but only two inhibitors (of high molecular weight) were recognized with chymotrypsin. There were differences in anti-proteinase activity and seminal plasma protein concentration in relation to the origin of common carp seminal plasma (breeding lines) and time of milt collection (spawning vs. post-spawning season).     

水硬度对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼发育的影响

采用不同硬度的水对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼进行饲养。6周龄幼鱼在硬度为7.94°dH±0.30°dH时饲养84d后,比在硬度为14.71°dH±0.23°dH水中的幼鱼个体大,生长速度快。表明较高硬度的水有利于七彩神仙鱼幼鱼的生长发育。     

不同年龄细鳞鱼的繁育效果

研究了不同年龄组(3～8龄)细鳞鱼(Bachymystax lenok Pallas)亲鱼的繁育效果,分析其繁育主要技术,包括亲鱼培育、繁育技术、受精卵孵化、鱼苗培育等,结果发现,5～6龄和7～8龄细鳞鱼产卵量没有明显差异,产卵量、孵化率、出苗率均较高,繁殖效果明显好于3～4龄亲鱼。     

海口市近海渔业资源衰退的原因分析与对策建议

在分析海口市海洋渔业资源和海洋捕捞现状的基础上，提出了近海渔业资源衰退的6项原因和加快保护和修复资源的10项措施和建议。     

虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄营养成分分析

本实验对虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄的营养成分进行分析,旨在探讨其幼体的营养需求量,为其幼体配合饲料研制提供参考数据。随机选取大约800个虎斑乌贼受精卵的卵黄,采用国家标准方法测定其水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素含量。结果表明:1)虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄中粗蛋白质含量为76.33%(干重基础);总氨基酸(TAA)和必需氨基酸(EAA)含量分别为71.22%和32.38%(干重基础),EAA/TAA为45.46%,氨基酸中以谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高(9.97%),必需氨基酸中亮氨酸(Leu)含量最高(7.58%)。2)其粗脂肪含量12.71%(干重基础);共检出17种脂肪酸,包括8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、5种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),SFA、MUFA和PUFA分别占脂肪酸总量的43.47%、7.54%和49.25%,其中以DHA含量最高,达32.80%,EPA含量为7.70%,DHA/EPA为4.26。3)检测出Na、K、Ca、Mg、Sr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Al和As 矿物元素,微量元素中富含Zn、Al和Fe,含量分别为 0.77、0.71和0.43 mg/kg(鲜重基础)。由此可见,卵黄具有高蛋白、低脂肪,富含n-3PUFA的特点;虎斑乌贼幼体饲料中蛋白质需求量参考值为76.33%;氨基酸需求量参考值,如赖氨酸(Lys)为5.49%,蛋氨酸(Met)为2.63%;脂肪的需求量参考值为12.71%,DHA为4.17%,EPA为0.98%;微量元素需求量参考值,如Zn为2.77 mg/kg,Cu为0.19 mg/kg(干重基础)。     

Histopathology of respiratory organs of certain air-breathing fishes of India

Air-breathing fishes have evolved bimodal respiratory mechanisms for exploitation of water (through gills and highly vascularized skin) as well as atmospheric air (through aerial respiratory organs, ABO). Mucous cells in these respiratory organs of variously stressed fishes exhibit periodic fluctuations in their density and staining properties. The main types of damage in the gills include congestion of blood capillaries (BLCs), periodic lifting and sloughing of respiratory epithelia of the secondary lamellae causing haemorrhage, extensive fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia due to uncontrolled regeneration leading to asphyxiation, altered excretion, and death of the fish. Haemolysis has also been observed following lead exposure. The damage in the ABO of Heteropneustes fossilis includes sloughing of the epithelial cells, leading to haemorrhage causing decreased red blood corpuscles density and degeneration of the secondary gill lamellae with reduced respiratory area. Subsequent hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia and fusion of gill lamellae increase the respiratory barrier distance. The BLCs often bulge out and protrude into the lumen, bringing blood nearer to air. The ladder-like pillar cell (PLC)-BLC components of the gill lamellae frequently collapse. Damage to the ABO of Channa striata is less severe. Often haemorrhaging due to bursting of extensively stretched BLCs causes aerial respiratory failure. Chloride cells of the ABOs also show hyperplasia. While the highly mucogenic epidermis of C. striata shows less damage, the epidermis of Clarias batrachus and H. fossilis shows severe wear and tear, sloughing, and haemorrhage. Side-by-side regeneration continues, causing altered histomorphology of the epidermis. The different gland cells also show periodic fluctuations in their density and staining. The dermis also shows severe damage with loosening of their connective tissue fibres. These fibres give stronger reactions for sulfated mucin that not only retain additional water molecules for continuance of skin breathing, but also bind the toxic ambient pollutants.