鱼降压肽的酶法制备工艺及其理化性质

采用高效液相色谱测定降压肽的血管紧张素转化酶抑制活性,对碱性蛋白酶水解草鱼蛋白制备鱼降压肽进行研究。结果表明,碱性蛋白酶水解草鱼蛋白制备鱼降压肽的较佳工艺条件为:pH9.0、温度50℃、酶与底物比48AU.kg-1、水解度34.52%。鱼降压肽成分分析结果显示,鱼降压肽中可溶性氮含量为81.26%,肽含量为72.81%,脂肪含量为0.12%,水分含量为3.54%,灰分含量为9.47%。体积排阻色谱测定鱼降压肽的相对分子质量在124~10581之间,主要集中在124~1062之间;溶解度高效液相测定结果表明,在pH3.0~11.0时鱼降压肽溶解度为96.0%左右,可广泛应用于食品中。     

鱼降压肽的酶法制备工艺及其理化性质研究

采用高压液相色谱测定降血压肽的血管紧张素转化酶抑制活性,对碱性蛋白酶水解草鱼蛋白制备鱼降压肽进行研究。结果表明,碱性蛋白酶水解草鱼蛋白制备鱼降压肽的较佳工艺条件为：pH9.0、温度50℃、酶与底物比48AU.kg-1、水解度34.52%。鱼降压肽成分分析结果显示,鱼降压肽中可溶性氮含量为81.26%,肽含量为72.81%,脂肪为0.12%,水分为3.54%,灰分为9.47%。鱼降压肽的血管紧张素转化酶抑制活性为70.35%;体积排阻色谱测定鱼降压肽的相对分子质量在124～10581之间,主要集中在124～1062之间;溶解度的测定结果表明,鱼降压肽在pH3.0～11.0时溶解度为96.0%左右,可广泛应用于食品中。 关键词：草鱼; 降压肽;碱性蛋白酶;高压液相色谱;相对分子质量;体积排阻色谱     

Importance of fish biodiversity for the management of fisheries and ecosystems

A group of fisheries scientists participating in a European Union Network of Excellence (MARBEF) summarizes risks to the biodiversity of fish in European seas and recommends ways how existing fish diversity can be conserved, restored and managed.     

Two systems for collection of zooplankton for the culture of larval and juvenile fish

Two systems for enrichment and collection of natural Zooplankton in cooling water recipients were developed for rearing fish fry. One system filters-off plankton from the cooling water with rotating dip-nets (diam. 60 cm). The rotation is powered by the kinetic energy of the water and the nets are continuously flushed clean by high-pressure sprays. The water from the nets, being enriched with plankton, is pumped continuously to a grading station where undesirable size fractions are removed, after which the water is distributed to the rearing pens. The system has been tested at a nuclear power station in the south-western part of the Bothnian Sea and found to be promising, with a collection of, on average, 280 g day^–1. The other system is based on attraction using underwater lamps and pumping of organisms into floating rearing pens. The system is automatic and powered by electricity from the grid. The technical performance has been good. The plankton has been size-graded by attaching net baskets around the lamps. At a nuclear power station on the western coast of the central Baltic Sea, the amount collected has, on average, been 45–570 g Zooplankton lamp^–1 night^–1. The collection system is considered to be of use in productive areas with moderate turnover of water. Both systems are in early stages of development and have not reached their full potential. Improvements are proposed and discussed.     

贮藏温度对西鲱鱼液体蛋白营养成分和水解过程的影响

分别以西鲱鱼和加热处理的西鲱鱼为原料制备液体鱼蛋白，置于6、13、20、25、30和39℃温度下贮藏32d。取新鲜原料、制备当天和第1、2、3、4、8、16和32天液体鱼蛋白样品分析测定蛋白质水解度和营养成分。在不同贮藏温度下，西鲱鱼液体蛋白样品的干物质、蛋白质、脂肪、灰分含量的氨基酸组成反映原料原有的化学成分，贮藏期间基本保持不变，西鲱鱼液体蛋白样品的水解过程随贮藏温度的不同而各异，西鲱鱼液体蛋白离心后水相层中蛋白质的水解度均高于其全样中蛋白质的水解度。加热处理后西鲱鱼制备的液体鱼蛋白，蛋白质水解度在贮藏期间未见明显变化。     

Improvement of a diagnostic procedure in surveillance of the listed fish diseases IHN and VHS

Infectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN) and viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) are OIE‐listed and notifiable viral fish diseases which are controlled by eradication and surveillance programmes globally. The present study provides improved RT‐qPCR procedures based on recently described OIE protocols. Improvements comprise the design of a new TaqMan® probe, replacing a TaqMan® MGB probe that turned out to show impaired binding. Reason for this is SNPs detected in the nucleoprotein N gene sequences of IHNV strains targeted by the RT‐qPCR. Furthermore, the IHNV and VHSV RT‐qPCR assays were realized as one‐step and one‐run procedures supplemented by an endogenous control system. The IHNV and VHSV RT‐qPCR assays are characterized by a technical sensitivity of 19 and 190 gene equivalents (cRNA) and an analytical sensitivity of 2–7 and 13 TCID₅₀/ml, respectively. For verification purposes, 105 IHNV and 165 VHSV isolates and several non‐targeted viral and bacterial pathogens were included and returned adequate results. However, in field samples divergent results left 14 samples of 154 undetected for IHNV and one sample of 127 for VHSV using cell culture. The study shows that RT‐qPCR assays ensure facilitated and reliable testing on IHNV and VHSV in eradication and surveillance programmes.     

乌江网箱养殖患病花鲈的细菌分离与分子鉴定

摘 要：利用微生物学常用的细菌分离、纯化方法从病害花鲈分离出9株菌株,编号分别为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ。对9株菌株的16SrRNA基因序列进行PCR扩增,均得到约600bp的片段。将扩增结果进行测序,测序结果输入到NCBI （http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/）中,用BLAST工具对序列进行同源性比对分析。结果表明：Ⅰ为杀鲑气单胞菌,同源性98%;II为不动菌属,同源性97%;III为肺炎克雷伯氏杆菌,同源性98%;IV为嗜水气单胞菌,同源性99%;V为希瓦氏菌,同源性99%;VI为腐生葡萄球菌同源性99%;VII为枯草芽孢杆菌,同源性99%;Ⅷ为沙雷氏菌属,同源性95%;Ⅸ为杀鲑气单胞菌,同源性97%。     

Occurrence and molecular characterization of betanodaviruses in fish and invertebrates of the Greek territorial waters

Betanodaviruses are small ssRNA viruses that cause viral encephalopathy and retinopathy, a severe neuropathological infectious disease in marine fish species worldwide. In the present study, the occurrence of betanodaviruses was investigated in wild and cultured populations of fishes and invertebrates of the Greek territorial waters. Betanodaviruses were detected in 35 species belonging to 21 families and 12 orders. To our knowledge, 23 of those are reported for the first time in Greek waters, while 11 of them are reported for the first time globally. The positive samples were subjected to sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of partial segments of RNA1 and RNA2 genes. Almost all the viruses circulating in Greece fell within RGNNV genotype, while reassortant viruses were detected in three samples, namely two inter‐RGNNV and one RGNNV/SJNNV. A novel unclassified Betanodavirus sequence was also identified. Most of the Greek sequence types have a restricted geographic distribution except for two RNA1 and one RNA2 sequence types that are widespread throughout the Mediterranean basin. The results of this study indicate the range of reservoirs/hosts of betanodaviruses and also their wide spread in the Greek territorial waters and reinforce the hypothesis that wild fish species transmit the virus to cultured ones and vice versa.     

血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽研究进展

为研究鳗鱼加工副产物的综合利用,以鳗鱼骨胶原蛋白为原料,采用酶解法制备血管紧张素转化酶 (Angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE) 抑制肽。以ACE抑制活性和水解度为评价指标,通过单因素和响应面试验确定最佳的酶解制备条件,并分析酶解产物的分子质量分布和氨基酸组成。结果显示,碱性蛋白酶为最适水解酶,最佳酶解条件为：温度50 ℃,质量浓度15 g·L^–1,酶解时间5.25 h,加酶量3.1% (质量分数),pH 9.2。在此条件下,鳗鱼胶原蛋白肽的ACE抑制活性为70.33%,与预测值接近;酶解产物中分子质量小于1 kD的肽占57.02%,1~3 kD的肽占36.55%;氨基酸组成分析表明,酶解产物中与ACE抑制活性有关的疏水性氨基酸 (如脯氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸) 含量增加。     

Weight-length relationships for selected fish species of the small-scale demersal fisheries of the south and south-west coast of Portugal

Weight-length relationships were estimated for 31 fish species from the south and south-west coasts of Portugal. These species, which are mainly sea breams (Sparidae), dominate the catches of the main fixed gears used in this region and account for more than 50% and 40% of the total fish landings by weight and by value.