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1.
黑尾近红鲌精子低温保存方法研究与应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在4℃条件下,以精子活力为指标,研究了不同浓度的Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、葡萄糖、氨基酸等组成的5种(A、B、C、D、E)精子保存液及其适量添加青霉素对黑尾近红鲌(Ancherythroculter nigrocauda)精子活力的影响。结果显示:1)温度为4℃时,精子活力达80%的保存液A、B、C、D、E的保存时间分别为48、24、60、48、48 h,保存液C的保存时间明显高于其它各组;2)在各保存液中分别添加浓度为2.0×104IU/m L的青霉素,精子活力达80%的保存液A、B、C、D、E的保存时间分别为60、36、156、48、144 h,保存时间延长了12~96 h,保存液C和E的延长时间最长,均为96 h;3)人工授精试验证明,经保存的黑尾近红鲌精子能正常用于人工繁殖,受精率达(90.6±0.8)%~(91.8±0.9)%,与对照组精子受精率(92.4±0.8)%无显著差异。添加青霉素,保存液C的保存效果最好,其次是保存液E。  相似文献   

2.
就pH值、温度、渗透压等理化因子对鲤鱼精子液态低温保存效果的影响进行了初步研究。结果表明,保存液的pH值为弱酸性(pH6.5)时保存效果最好;低温(0~4℃)条件下,鲤鱼精子的保存效果明显比室温(18~25℃)条件下的保存效果好;在1.2%的NaCl溶液中,鲤鱼精子保存的时间较长。  相似文献   

3.
选取6 ind健康的雄性俄罗斯鲟(Acipenser gueldenstaedti),经人工催产后获得成熟的精子,研究超低温冷冻(-196℃)对俄罗斯鲟精子顶体酶活性及DNA损伤影响。结果显示:俄罗斯鲟鲜精中顶体酶的平均活性为(36.18±2.54)μIU·10-6,经过超低温冷冻后,精子顶体酶活性显著降低,添加抗冻保护液精子中顶体酶活性降至(21.55±0.79)μIU·10-6,未添加抗冻保护液精子中顶体酶活性降至(9.58±1.08)μIU·10-6,且三者间有显著性差异(P0.05)。单细胞凝胶电泳结果表明,俄罗斯鲟鲜精彗星率为(37.33±7.77)%,添加抗冻剂后冻精的彗星率为(63.67±5.13)%,未添加抗冻剂直接冷冻彗星率高达(86.00±3.61)%,三者间有显著差异(P0.05)。用CASP分析软件分析测量彗星拖尾长度(L tail)、彗星尾部DNA的相对含量(Tail DNA)、尾动量(TM)、Olive尾动量(OTM)等各项表征DNA损伤的指标,发现冻精组的各项指标均显著高于鲜精组,未添加抗冻剂直接冷冻组又高于添加抗冻剂组,3组间有显著性差异(P0.05)。本研究结果表明:超低温冷冻能导致精子顶体酶活性下降和DNA损伤,抗冻剂对精子具有保护作用。  相似文献   

4.
试验结果表明,虾夷扇贝精子的最适盐度为23.2~32,最适pH 7.0~8.5.4℃,未稀释精液样品保存5 d后,精子仍有(26±4)%的活力,而经海水稀释后的精液保存70 h后,最高活力仅为(11±1.41)%,用抗冻液稀释的精液,4℃保存5 h后,得到最高的精子活力仅为(24.7±4.16)%.添加抗冻剂后,-18℃的保存效果明显低于4℃保存的未稀释样品.用4℃保存的未稀释精液与栉孔扇贝卵子进行杂交试验,保存3 d内的精子获得的授精率与对照组差异不显著(P0.05).杂交组的幼虫可以正常发育至D形幼虫,与自交组无区别.  相似文献   

5.
大菱鲆精子低温短期保存   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
大菱鲆(Scophthalmusmaximus)精子仅能体外存活10min左右,根本来不及从养殖场带回实验室,而生产单位的实验条件又有限,这严重限制了大菱鲆精子的实验研究。本文利用TS19做稀释液,6%DMSO作抗冻剂,在4℃下保存大菱鲆精子,每隔一段时间观察1次被保存精子的成活率。结果发现,大菱鲆精子体外存活时间可延长到3h。用保存3h的大菱鲆精子做授精实验,在各种精卵比的情况下,受精率与鲜精对照组没有显著差异。本实验保存大菱鲆精子的方法完全满足了大菱鲆精子短距离运输的要求。  相似文献   

6.
鲤、鲢、鳙精子低温短期保存研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
本文对鲤(Cygrinus carpio)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)和鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)精液在2—4℃的短期保存进行了实验研究。筛选出了几种较为理想的稀释保护液配方;确定了精液与稀释液的适宜稀释比例为1:1;研究了抗冻剂二甲亚砜(DMSO)对低温保存条件下精于活力的影响,确定了DMSO的适宜添加浓度为6%左右。鲤精在2—4℃保存10天,活力仍高达70%,少数精子存活时间长达12天;鲢和鳙精子在2—4℃保存7天后活力仍高达60%,达到了生产应用的水平。为水产养殖和鱼类育种研究提供了一种简便易行的精液短期保存技术。  相似文献   

7.
不同温度下精子保存液对黄颡鱼精子活力的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以精子的活力为指标,对6种精子保存液在4℃和20~22℃状态下保存黄颡鱼精子的效果进行了比较研究。结果表明:添加了葡萄糖的F保存液效果最好,精子的活力和寿命保持时间最长;在4℃条件下,120h内可保持80%以上活力,寿命持续168h。在黄颡鱼人工繁殖中应用了5种精子保存液进行人工授精,其中4种保存液可替代0.6%生理盐水。  相似文献   

8.
马氏珠母贝精子的超低温保存   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
通过比较不同pH值(5.5-9.5)、不同盐度的海水等作为基础液对马氏珠母贝精子保存的影响,选择其中无激活精子作用又对其生理特性(活力,寿命,受精能力等)无影响者,加入二甲亚砜抗冻剂配制成超低温保存的抗冻保护液,精液与保护液按1:10和1:20的比例混合,样品按4组不同的降温程序平衡后转入液氮冷冻,比较其超低温冻存的效果。结果表明:以海水(pH7.5—8.0)为基础液,配制10%DMSO作为抗冻保护液,精液与保护液比例为1:20,在低温(0-4℃)中平衡约30min,在距液氮面15cm、5cm处分别停留5min、10min后转入液氮(-196℃),冻存精子效果良好。冷冻24h、48h及5个月后,在38—40℃下水浴解冻复苏后,用终浓度0.25‰的氨海水刺激,精子存活率可超过60%,受精率可达80%。  相似文献   

9.
人工养殖西伯利亚鲟精子超低温冷冻保存研究   总被引:13,自引:6,他引:7  
刘鹏  庄平  章龙珍  王斌  闫文罡 《海洋渔业》2007,29(2):120-127
研究了人工养殖西伯利亚鲟精子的生物学特征及超低温冷冻保存方法。西伯利亚鲟的产精量为113.67±39.86 ml,精子密度为(6.49±3.10)×108/ml,精子活力为(85.4±9.5)%,精子寿命为353±23 s。精子密度与精子快速运动时间、精子寿命之间均存在线性相关,用方程分别表示为:y=1.0384x+1.5089(R2=0.7325);y=2.9069x+74.289(R2=0.6967)。结果表明精子密度可作为一项精子质量评价的标准。通过比较西伯利亚鲟精子在不同稀释液、不同抗冻剂和抗冻剂浓度、降温速率、解冻温度下的保存效果,结果表明:配方2作为稀释液,18%甲醇作为抗冻剂,二步法超低温(-196℃)冷冻保存精子,40℃水浴解冻取得最好的冻后活力,解冻后活力为(51.8±5.8)%。西伯利亚鲟授精的最佳精卵比为106∶1。在此精卵比下用冻精授精分别得到了(72.3±3)%的受精率和(52.9±4.1)%的孵化率,其中受精率与鲜精没有显著性差异,孵化率与鲜精有显著差异(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

10.
南方鲇精子保存方法的初步研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
沈建忠  江庆 《水利渔业》2002,22(5):13-15
以精子被激活后的活力为指标,对6种精子保存液保存南方鲇的效果进行了评估,并对室温(18-20℃)和低温(0-4℃)状态下保存南方鲇精子的效果进行了比较研究。结果表明,在6种精子保存液中,以添加牛血蛋白和氨基酸等营养物质的F精子保存液效果最好,精子的活力和寿命保持时间最长,6d内可保存80%以上活力,寿命持续12.5d。低温下保存效果绝对优于室温下保存。  相似文献   

11.
12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
16.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

17.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

19.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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