共查询到16条相似文献,搜索用时 24 毫秒
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主要组织相容性复合体(major histocompatibility complex,MHC)是脊椎动物中发现的编码免疫球蛋白样受体(immunoglobulinlike receptors)的高度多态的基因群,其表达产物分布于各种细胞的表面,称为MHC分子。MHC是Snell等(1956)在研究小鼠的移植排斥反应时发现的,家禽中的MHC分子首先是有一种血型被识别的,随之被命名为B复合体(B complex),Schierman和Nordskog(1961)定义家禽的B基因座就是主要组织相容性复合体。 相似文献
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本研究利用MISA软件挖掘长江刀鲚(Coilia ectenes)肌肉和肝脏转录组中的微卫星标记,为刀鲚选育群体的种质资源评估和分子标记辅助育种奠定基础。结果显示,从71869条Unigenes中共获得33896条重复单元长度为1~6碱基的微卫星序列;刀鲚转录组中不同类型微卫星的重复基序具有不同的分布特征,其中,单核苷酸重复、二核苷酸重复和三核苷酸重复为主要的微卫星重复类型,分别占总微卫星数目的34.94%、49.47%和13.34%;不同微卫星重复类型的优势重复基序亦有所不同,其中,A/T为单核苷酸重复基序的优势重复基序占86.25%,AC/GT为二核苷酸重复基序的为优势重复基序占75.25%,AGG/CCT为三核苷酸重复基序的优势重复基序占28.57%;不同微卫星重复基序核苷酸的数量和重复次数亦有所不同,重复次数伴随着重复单元中核苷酸数量的增加而呈现降低的趋势;从100对四核苷酸重复的SSR引物中筛选获得了16对多态性微卫星标记,并以此为基础,对长江刀鲚选育群体(F3)的遗传学特征进行了初步评估,结果显示,长江刀鲚选育群体F3的平均有效等位基因数(Ne)、平均观测杂合度(Ho)、平均期望杂合度(He)和Shannon多样性指数I分别为1.7580、0.3414、0.3977和0.6278。以上结果表明,基于刀鲚转录组数据批量开发微卫星是切实可行的,所开发的多态性微卫星标记能够应用于长江刀鲚选育群体的遗传背景评估和进一步的遗传育种研究。 相似文献
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建鲤与兴国红鲤RAPD分子标记的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD) 技术对鲤鱼的两个品系, 即建鲤和兴国红鲤进行了遗传分析。在所用20 个10 碱基随机引物扩增产物中, 找到了建鲤与兴国红鲤品系间的RAPD分子遗传标记, 为鲤鱼主要品系的保存和保护以及品种的选育工作提供了一种新的技术手段和基础资料。 相似文献
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DNA分子标记在动物亲子鉴定中的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了亲子鉴定技术的发展和在畜牧养殖业中的重要意义;综述了DNA指纹、小卫星变异重复序列、线粒体DNA、微卫星等DNA分子标记技术的特点和在动物亲子鉴定中的应用现状;并对DNA分子标记在亲子鉴定中的应用前景和发展趋势作了展望。 相似文献
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Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers have been used in a variety of genetic studies in fisheries and aquaculture. Most population studies are performed without preliminary data demonstrating the Mendelian inheritance and reproducibility of RAPD markers. In this study, the inheritance and reproducibility of RAPD markers was examined in two consecutive generations of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Variability and segregation of RAPD markers were investigated in one F1 progeny and three F2 progenies. Seventy-four RAPD markers were generated by five primers using DNA extracted from the initial ornamental (koi) common carp female and wild-type colour common carp male. Fifty-five of these RAPD markers were transmitted to the F1 progeny and the inheritance patterns were analysed. Twenty RAPD markers were fully reproducible and demonstrated dominant simple Mendelian inheritance patterns in two consecutive generations. Twenty-four RAPD markers were not reproducible in all progenies. Thirteen markers displayed inheritance ratios in the progenies that did not fit simple Mendelian inheritance patterns. Non-reproducibility of RAPD markers and distorted ratios may be caused by the absence of amplification, poor amplification or by the appearance of artefact bands. Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers with poor reproducibility and non-Mendelian inheritance can lead to misinterpretations of data in population studies, resulting in errors in the estimation of genetic diversity within and between individual populations. Therefore, it is recommended to first identify the set of reproducible RAPD markers that demonstrate Mendelian inheritance before application of the RAPD technique in population studies. 相似文献
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Ahmed S Alsaqufi Boris Gomelsky Kyle J Schneider Kirk W Pomper 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(3):410-416
The Japanese ornamental (koi) carp is a popular decorative fish all over the world. In koi, clones have not yet been obtained, although production of fish with identical colour patterns could be of commercial interest. Mitotic gynogenetic progenies are essential for subsequent production of clones in fish. However, resulting late‐shocked progenies may be contaminated with meiotic gynogens from spontaneous suppression of the second meiotic division in eggs. In this study, microsatellite DNA markers were used to confirm mitotic gynogenetic origin of obtained late‐shocked progenies. Recombination rate (y) and mapping distance relative to centromere (M‐C) of 10 microsatellite loci were determined based on percentage of heterozygotes in meiotic gynogenetic progenies. The range of y varied from 0.01 to 0.96 and the M‐C map ranged from 0.5 to 48 cM. The mean value of y over the 10 loci was 0.481. Six loci, which had y 0.47 and higher, were used as markers in two late‐shocked gynogenetic progenies. Complete homozygosity was revealed at all six microsatellite loci indicating mitotic gynogenetic origin of analysed progenies. 相似文献
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Inheritance and segregation at five microsatellite loci were studied in diploid gynogenetic and triploid backcross progenies obtained from koi × goldfish hybrid females, which produce diploid eggs. Gynogenetic and backcross progenies were obtained from three individual hybrid females by inseminating eggs with genetically inactivated and intact sperm of parental species respectively; no shock treatments were applied to the early embryos. Complete absence of paternally specific alleles at all investigated microsatellite loci has proven successful genetic inactivation of spermatozoa by irradiation and confirmed gynogenetic origin of progenies. Genotypic segregations at microsatellite loci showed almost complete homogeneity of gynogenetic progenies and their identity to female parents. These results correspond with previous cytogenetic data on the occurrence of premeiotic endomitosis in hybrid females producing diploid eggs. Fish from triploid backcross progenies had genotypes resulting from combination of entire diploid female genome and haploid genome from male. 相似文献
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为明晰中国凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)引进群体子一代的遗传多样性特征,于广东的3个对虾主产区采集7个养殖群体的种苗样品,其均为国外引进亲虾繁育的子一代。将之分别命名为TH-A1、TH-A2、TH-B、US-C1、US-C2、US-C3和US-C4,以微卫星标记检测其遗传多样性。结果显示,7个群体在12个位点呈现不同程度的多态性,其平均等位基因数(Na)、期望杂合度(He)、观测杂合度(Ho)和多态信息含量(PIC)分别为3.333~6.167、0.477~0.670、0.370~0.505和0.414~0.623;44个群体位点显著偏离哈迪-温伯格平衡,和文章中He大于Ho的结果对应。聚类分析显示7个群体共分为3支,其中TH-A1为一支,US-C1、US-C2和TH-A2为一支,其余的聚为一支。结果表明此次采集的养殖群体种苗样品存在一定的遗传差异。该结果可为后续挖掘种苗遗传背景与其养殖性能的关联性提供参考。
相似文献11.
微卫星(microsatellite)技术是近年来广泛应用的DNA标记,具有重复性好、较易操作和共显性的特点。在硬骨鱼类中表现出高度多态性,已在家系鉴定、遗传作图、群体遗传分析、育种以及系统发生研究等多个领域得到应用。尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)是我国主要淡水养殖鱼类,生长快,耐盐能力一般;萨罗罗非鱼(Sarotherodon melanotheron)耐盐能力强,适合咸淡水养殖,但生长较慢。[第一段] 相似文献
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以1个人工授精获得的中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)F2家系为材料,对其中80尾中国明对虾进行正态分布检验,选择19个稳定扩增的微卫星位点对每一个体进行扩增和基因分型,分析家系遗传信息.利用最小二乘法对微卫星位点与中国明对虾体长、全长、体质量性状进行关联性分析.采用SPSS 11.5软件作微卫星分子标记与经济性状的方差分析,考察各微卫星位点对体长、全长、体质量3个经济性状的影响程度.结果表明,中国明对虾体长、全长、体质量3个性状均呈正态分布(P>0.05);相关分析得到,19个微卫星位点中RS0683和FC019两个微卫星位点与体长、全长、体质量呈显著相关(P<0.05);同时对差异显著的位点进行不同基因型间经济性状的多重比较,RS0683标记座位AA基因型在体长、全长、体质量的表型效应上极显著高于AB、BB基因型(P<0.01),表明该标记位点基因型AA与3种经济性状正相关;FC019标记座位的AA基因型体长、全长、体质量显著低于AB、BC基因型(P<0.05),表明该标记位点基因型AA与3种经济性状呈负相关. 相似文献
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利用紫外线照射对七彩鲑(Salvelinus fontinalis)精子进行灭活处理,使其遗传物质失活,作为同源精子诱导源,与七彩鲑卵子进行受精,采用冷休克方法诱导雌核发育。结果表明:同源精子可以诱导七彩鲑的雌核发育,紫外照射强度为72 m J/cm2;距离为8 cm;冷休克温度为20℃。七彩鲑减数分裂雌核发育倍性测定以鸡(Gallus sp.)红细胞DNA含量(2.5 pg/N)为标准、七彩鲑普通育苗子一代为参照,采用流式细胞术和微卫星标记技术对30尾七彩鲑减数分裂雌核发育鱼苗进行分析,证明了雌核发育鱼苗为雌核发育二倍体。 相似文献
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两种不同地方种群尼罗罗非鱼遗传差异和分子遗传标记↑(*) 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
用ApaⅠ,Bc1Ⅰ,Bg1Ⅱ,DraⅠ,EcoRⅠ,EcoRV,HindⅢ,KpnⅠ,PstⅠ,PvuⅡ,SacⅠ,XbaⅠ,XhoⅠ等13种限制性核酸内切酶对来自尼罗河上游和下游的两种不同地方种群尼罗罗非鱼的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)进行酶切分析,得到这两种罗非鱼的mtDNA分子大小为:上游尼罗为16909±90bp,下游尼罗为16912±100bp。研究中还发现我国养殖的这两种不同地方种群尼罗罗非鱼,每一群体内个体间均存在mtDNA酶切片段长度多态现象,而且群体间在mtDNA水平上具有一定差异,依此构建了这两种不同地方种群尼罗罗非鱼mtDNA限制性内切酶酶切图谱,建立了识别它们的分子遗传标记。 相似文献
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Melony J Sellars Leanne Dierens Sean McWilliam Bryce Little Brian Murphy Greg J Coman William Barendse John Henshall 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(3):417-426
Custom‐built single‐nucleotide‐polymorphism (SNP) marker systems that are compatible with Sequenom® chemistry are compared with a general purpose microsatellite marker system in their ability to accurately assign Black Tiger shrimp parentage. The microsatellite system consisted of 13 markers, while the SNP systems comprised of 63 (SNPa), 59 (SNPb) or 122 markers (SNPab). Comparisons were made using animals from commercial breeding lines with thresholds for assignment derived using simulated genotypes. Pedigree assignment for commercial lines was highest when panel SNPab was used. Panel SNPa, panel SNPb and Msat functioned with an overall similar level of power for pedigree assignment, however, for some families, the Msat panel was not as powerful. Pedigree assignment for the simulated diploid genotypes was higher for all SNP panels compared with Msat. Overall the three SNP panels provided parentage assignment rates suitable for commercial shrimp breeding programs with assignment rates in the simulated genotypes greater than 96.8% and correct assignments greater than 99.3%. Compared with the microsatellite panel, custom‐built SNP panels, whether they operate as single panels, or as a combined panel, have improved power to perform dam and sire assignment to progeny and provide faster turnaround time as they are compatible with Sequenom® chemistry. 相似文献