高压网衣清理机的原理与应用

随着海水养殖业大型深水网箱的不断推广应用，其所需要的各种配套设施日显缺乏。本文介绍的网衣清理机就是能有效清洗海水网箱网衣附生物的一种养殖业配套机械。     

海水网箱网衣碱性硅酸盐防污涂料的初步研究

本文以碱性硅酸盐为主防污剂，开发了一种防污期长、无毒、环保且高效的海水网箱网衣防污涂料：涂有该种防污涂料的试验网衣于2002年4月开始进行浅海挂网试验．为期七个月；每月一次定期对试验网片进行附着情况检查、拍照及称重。结果证明．与对照组相比，涂有硅酸盐防污涂料的网衣材料的网片增重及被附着的面积百分比均有大幅度的降低；实拍照片也证明涂有防污涂料的网片具有极佳的防污效果：根据试验结果，讨论了影响防污涂料防污效果的诸多因素。     

大型海水网箱设计中的材料选择

报道了大型海水养殖网箱设计中要考虑的海况因素和材料选择，包括框架材料、网衣材料、锚泊固定等材料性能，评述了网箱系统三大要素的重要性。     

铜合金网衣在海水养殖中的应用研究进展

铜合金网衣在渔业工程领域特别是网箱和围栏网海水养殖中得到了广泛的应用,并取得良好效果。铜合金网衣具有"0"生物附着、高效低碳、健康环保等特点。本文结合国内外在海洋、环境和金属材料等领域对铜合金研究已取得的成果,探讨了铜合金网衣在海洋中的抗污、耐腐蚀机理;通过介绍几种铜合金网衣类型,描述了两种结构类型的铜合金网衣网箱的制作方法以及在网箱养殖应用中常见的问题,并分析了其结构、力学特性和抗风浪能力等作业性能的关系,对铜合金网衣网箱在渔业上的应用情况及研究进展进行了梳理,以期为铜合金网衣网箱的进一步研究和应用提供参考。     

铜合金网衣网箱助推水产养殖“蓝色革命”

9月16日，在福州“‘十一五’渔业科技成果展”上，中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所携手国际铜业协会联合举行了“铜合金网衣网箱海水养殖”展示活动。在展示会上，东海水产研究所副所长王鲁民表示，铜合金材料由于天然抗菌性，用铜合金材料制成的网衣网箱进行海水养殖，有助于渔业绿色健康发展，有助于渔业实现生态、经济和社会综合效益的最大化。     

深水抗风浪网箱的日常管理与维护

近年来 ,我国深水网箱养殖发展较快 ,大型深水抗风浪网箱以其容积大、养殖鱼类成活率高、回报高的优势逐渐得到广大养殖业者的青睐。深水抗风浪网箱因其放置于离岸较远的深水区域 ,距管理区较远 ,给管理和维护带来不便。为了避免因箱体网衣破损、部件损坏而导致养殖鱼类逃逸等现象的发生 ,使用单位在使用网箱过程中对其进行必要的维护是十分必要的。本文就深水抗风浪网箱的使用和维护提出若干建议 ,供广大养殖者参考。1深水抗风浪网箱的组成和特点深水抗风浪网箱主要由框架系统、网囊、固定系统和配套设施组成。利用固定平台与箱体的相互作…     

铜台金网衣网箱健康养殖产业联盟成立

11月6日,在第十七届中国国际渔业博览会上,由国际铜业协会携手中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所、大连天正实业有限公司等科研机构以及国内大型海水养殖企业共同发起的“铜合金网衣网箱健康养殖产业联盟”正式宣布成立。该联盟以“大力发展高效、健康、环保的海洋养殖,提高中国海洋渔业长期产能”为宗旨,其目的在于进一步推动铜合金网衣网箱在中国海洋养殖产业中的实际应用。铜合金网衣网箱以“高效、健康、环保”为主要特性：一是更高效,铜合金网衣网箱容积保持率大,允许更高的养殖密度,且鱼类生长速度快、个体重量增加,促进了海水养殖企业的产能显著提升;二是更健康,因为铜的天然抑菌性能和抗腐蚀性,避免了海洋生物附着物在养殖网中生长,从而为鱼类养殖创造更清洁、健康的条件,同时也减少了因使用抗生素而对人类健康造成的间接危害,另外,因减少了清洁、更换渔网的次数,降低了因食肉动物的袭击或鱼类脱逃而造成的损失;三是更环保,铜合金网衣网箱100％可回收利用,低碳环保。     

圆柱形大型抗风浪养殖网箱网衣结构与装配技术

大型沉浮式抗风浪养殖网箱是近几年在引进国外先进技术的基础上,根据我国各沿海地区的实际情况加以创新并应用于海水养殖业的一项高新技术项目.本文主要介绍近年来开展大型抗风浪养殖网箱的研制中,关于圆柱形大型抗风浪网箱的网衣设计依据、结构与规格、制作工艺与装配技术及养殖过程中的注意事项.     

我国海水网箱养殖的现状、存在的问题及今后课题

报道了中国海水网箱养殖技术的发展现状，介绍了网箱结构类型，以及主要养殖品种和深海抗风浪网箱养殖技术特点，分析了海水网箱养殖业存在的问题，提出了网箱养殖业可持续发展应当开展的研究课题。     

深海抗风浪网箱养殖设施与装备技术的研究进展

本文根据国家“十五”863计划项目“深海抗风浪网箱的研制”项目实行,结合国际上网箱先进技术的发展,集成现代新材料、渔业工程、海洋化工、机电与自动控制等多项新技术和新工艺,在抗风浪网箱的材料选择、制作与安装工艺、海上锚泊敷设、网衣防污处理、升降控制技术、养殖配套设施以及网箱水动力特性与数值模拟技术方面开展了系统的研究,成功研制出适于开阔海区使用的深海抗风浪网箱养殖设施与装备,发展了离岸工程化生态养殖这一海水养殖新模式。     

渔用防污材料的研究进展及其在渔业上的应用#br#

海洋生物污损给渔业资源的开发与利用等带来诸多问题,因此,研发应用绿色、长效、经济的渔用防污材料非常重要。主要概述了防污涂料、防污功能金属网衣和复合型防污材料3种渔用防污材料的性能、研究进展及其在渔业上的应用情况,分析了渔用防污材料的防污机理与发展前景,可为高性能渔用防污材料的研发提供参考。     

海洋渔业装备生物附着控制技术研究进展

海洋生物附着一直是世界渔业发展面临的主要难题之一, 渔业装备长期整体或局部与海水接触, 生物附着会降低其使用寿命, 影响正常使用。因此, 深入研究生物附着现象, 采取合理、有效的措施抑制或降低海洋生物附着, 对实现渔业装备的长效使用以及提升海洋渔业经济效益具有重要的意义。本文概述了海洋生物附着的危害和附着机理以及中国沿海渔业装备生物附着情况, 并对现今世界生物附着控制技术进行了总结, 着重分析了自抛光共聚物及防生物附着涂料在海洋渔业船舶和海洋网箱系统中的应用, 为今后生物附着控制技术在海洋渔业装备的应用提供科学的参考。     

Engineering procedures for design and analysis of submersible fish cages with copper netting for exposed marine environment

Novel design and analysis procedures are needed for engineering of the offshore fish farms utilizing copper alloy netting. Existing technologies developed for fish cages with polymer nets are not directly transferrable to the fish cages with copper netting. In particular, the structural integrity of fish cage/mooring systems, and initial high costs of fish cages with copper netting are two major concerns in the engineering for open ocean aquaculture. We propose the modified engineering procedures, which address these concerns and allow for retrofitting of existing fish farming systems with polymer nets. These procedures are illustrated by considering two case studies: design of a rigid-frame and flexible gravity-type fish cages. Performance of both designs is analyzed after the field trials in the North Atlantic and South Pacific oceans, correspondingly.     

我国离岸养殖工程发展策略

发展离岸养殖工程对于保障水产品供给、开发蓝色国土资源、实现海洋水域资源的合理利用与有效开发具有重大意义。本文阐述了我国网箱养殖工程发展现状和面临的主要问题,介绍了国外在深水抗风浪网箱和养殖工船方面的研发进展,指出未来离岸养殖工程发展趋势是养殖设施系统大型化、养殖环境生态化、养殖地域外向化、养殖过程低碳化,提出了我国离岸养殖工程发展战略目标是:至2020年,全面形成面向深海、合理分布于主权海域的海上水产品养殖生产与流通体系,实现海洋渔业由"捕"向"养"的根本性转变,建立领先于世界的工业化蓝色农业生产体系。     

An adaptive method of damage detection for fishing nets based on image processing technology

For offshore aquaculture cages, structural damage can cause serious economic property damage to the aquaculture industry, thus it is necessary to carry out regular inspections of the cage structure. At present, the main method of detecting netting damage is that the staff sneak into the water for manual investigation. This method not only does not guarantee personal safety, but is also labor-intensive and inefficient. This paper proposes a new feature curve method for non-contact underwater netting damage detection, which can effectively recognize damaged netting and analyze the degree of damage for the underwater net and return to its damage position. The new method presented in this paper was designed taking into consideration of effect of seaweed growth: Firstly, an image block within the ROI (region of interest) region was processed by bilateral filter. Secondly, the binary image was obtained via the OSTU (the maximum inter-class variance method) method and connected domain detection was performed. Thirdly, the feature gradient histogram was calculated according to the area of the mesh hole and the local peaks of the curve (named as feature curve) was searched to determine the position of damage in the netting. The proposed method combined the image processing technology with aquaculture engineering seamlessly, and reduced the complexity of the detection system greatly, and significantly improved the efficiency of the netting detection. Finally, the MATLAB program was developed to realize the netting detection process and the proposed method had been verified by the actual underwater netting experiment. The experimental results showed that the netting damage detection method proposed in this paper can successfully detect crack of the netting despite image degradation in water.     

潜浮式船型桁架结构深海养殖网箱避浪性能研究

深海网箱作为现代海洋渔业拓展外海养殖空间的重要养殖装备，其布设环境一般较近海更为复杂恶劣，对于保障其安全性和稳定性提出了更高的要求。本研究针对一种单点系泊潜浮式船型桁架网箱开展了模型比尺为1︰40的波浪流水池试验，重点围绕该网箱在不同吃水深度受波浪作用的系泊受力、升沉、纵摇和横摇等水动力学特性进行了比较分析。试验结果显示，波高为7.5~12.5 cm时(原型3~5 m)，网箱漂浮状态即可以满足养殖需求，其系泊力及运动响应均较小，具备较高的安全性和稳定性；恶劣海况时，即本试验中波高为15.0和17.5 cm (原型6 m和7 m)，通过整体下潜的方式网箱具有良好的避浪性能，其中，系泊力减幅达70%以上，升沉、纵摇和横摇等运动分量减幅也达20%~60%；波流试验中，海流对网箱避浪性能存在一定的影响，但总体上仍然具有较好的避浪效果。研究结果可为单点系泊潜浮式深海网箱的安全运行与日常管理提供理论依据和数据参考。     

高压射流式水下洗网机喷嘴的设计

为解决深水网箱养殖过程中因网衣附着生物而影响水体交换，并给换网及网衣清洗带来极大困难等问题，开发水下洗网机并提高水下洗网机的清洗效率，是深水网箱养殖的重要配套装备与技术。通过对高压射流水下洗网机工作原理的分析，基于能量方程，推导出洗网机关键部件喷嘴的结构几何参数计算表达式。合理选择高压水发生系统的压力和流量，计算出喷嘴的孔径与长径比。在此基础上计算高压射流水下洗网机的水力参数，为进一步优化洗网机结构提供理论依据。     

Biofouling of salmon cage netting and the efficacy of a typical copper-based antifoulant

With the relatively recent advent of intensive aquaculture practices, there is a need for data on the contemporary biofouling and antifoulants associated with it. Therefore, experiments were conducted to yield data on the biological communities that develop on contemporary fish cage netting, both antifouled and untreated. The efficacy of a typical copper-based antifouling treatment was assessed through netting immersion trials performed at a salmon farm site in Clift Sound, Shetland. Over a 10-month period, regular samples were taken and data generated on the fouling biomass and species composition of the communities that developed. Furthermore, percentage net aperture occlusion values (PNO) were calculated with the aid of an image capture and analysis system, which is a methodology that shows excellent potential for use in future net fouling trials. Over the course of the trial, PNO values calculated from control netting rose quickly, but remained low for 150 days longer on treated nets; by day 210, PNO values were 98.72% and 3.06% for control and copper nets, respectively, immersed at 3 m. Following 10 months immersion, treated nets significantly reduced the biomass accumulation of biofouling compared to control nets (1.8 kg m^− 2 as opposed to 4.9 kg m^− 2). A total of 40 separate taxa were identified during the study, and species richness and composition data were significantly affected by the application of copper-based antifouling; for example, average species richness values were 16 and 9.75 for control and copper nets, respectively, immersed at 1 m. Of significance, the species Mytilus edulis and members of the Ascidiacea, including Ciona intestinalis and Ascidiella aspersa, were observed fouling the copper-treated netting.     

Examination of net volume reduction of gravity-type open-net fish cages under sea currents

Owing to heavy criticisms of nearshore fish farming for causing environmental pollution and encroaching on sea space used for shipping, boating, recreational sea activities and marine eco-tourism, offshore fish farming has now being seriously considered. Moreover an offshore site provides more pristine water and greater space for increased fish production. However, offshore fish farming poses challenges such as a more energetic sea environment. A higher sea current can lead to large deformation of fish net and hence a net volume reduction which compromises fish welfare. With the view to identifying the effects of various important parameters on net volume reduction of a gravity-type open-net fish cage, this paper adopts a mass-spring model for the dynamic analysis of current-induced net deformations of cylindrical fish nets with discrete weights hanging at the bottom edge of the nets. In this model, the net mesh comprises knot nodes and bar nodes connected by tension-only massless springs. The spring stiffness is determined from the net bar diameters and material properties. The current-induced loads are applied to each node and calculated based on Morrison’s equation. The governing equation system for nodal motions can be established according to Newton’s second law, and solved by using the Runge-Kutta method for the real-time net deformations. The effects of net string reinforcements, weight distributions and net shapes on the net volume reduction are studied with the view to shed insights into how one may improve fish cage designs to effectively mitigate net deformation under high sea current speeds in offshore fish farming sites.