渤海湾鱼虾贝产卵场营养盐的时空变化趋势和富营养化水平的调查与评价

对过去4年渤海湾鱼虾贝产卵场的水质进行了连续监测。结果表明，渤海湾鱼虾贝产卵场无机氮和COD。含量分布呈现自北向南、自近岸海域向东部外海逐渐降低的趋势，盐度平面分布恰恰相反；无机氮和活性磷酸盐在8月份（丰水期）比5月份（枯水期）含量要高。丰水期陆源径流带来了丰富的营养盐，加大了氮磷的含量；渤海湾鱼虾贝产卵场海水的污染因子主要是无机氮，渤海湾海水中的磷相对于氮来说是严重匮乏的；富营养化状况分析表明，渤海湾鱼虾贝产卵场主要呈磷限制潜在性富营养状态，且富营养化水平存在着一定的时、空变化趋势。     

半月湾及其邻近海域夏、秋季水体富营养化评价

分别采用有机污染指数法和营养指数法进行了半月湾及其邻近海域夏、秋季水体的富营养化评价。结果表明，该海域水质整体较好，营养盐浓度、各评价指标整体上呈近岸高远岸低，湾内高于湾外的趋势。以有机污染指数法评价，该海域在2009年7、8、9月以及2010年5月出现有机污染区域；以营养指数法评价，该海域呈区域水体富营养化月份为2009年7、8、9月以及2010年5、8月。2种评价方式的富营养化区域主要出现在半月湾的北底和南口稍外处。     

伊洛河黄河鲤鱼天然产卵场渔业水质评价

2004-2009年5-8月对伊洛河黄河鲤(Cyprinus carpio haematoperus)天然产卵场水体中的TN、TP等营养盐和WT、pH、DO、CODMn、挥发酚、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和Hg等理化指标进行了为期6年的连续监测,对该水域水质的年代变化趋势和质量状况进行了研究和综合评价。结果表明,黄河鲤天然产卵场水质处于变动状态,2004、2005和2009年水质相对较好,2006、2007和2008年水质污染较重,监测年份水质污染随年份呈先上升再下降的趋势;水中主要污染物为TN、TP和CODMn。     

渤海湾天津近岸游泳动物初步调查报告

天津浅海位于渤海三大渔场之一的渤海湾渔场的中心部位,是渤海湾产卵场主体水域,既适于洄游性鱼、虾产卵繁殖,又适于幼鱼、稚虾等索饵、育肥、生长,地方性的鱼、虾、蟹、贝常年栖息,潮间带蕴藏着丰富的贝类资源,渤海湾对虾产卵场面积为渤海对虾产卵场面积的42%,为渤海三湾之首.天津浅海生物资源的兴衰对整个渤海渔业资源的变化影响很大.近十几年来,由于海洋污染加剧,尤其是陆源的污染导致了近海海水有机物、石油、氮磷含量的急剧增加,赤潮频繁发生,尤其是近年来,渤海每年接纳的陆源污水量达28亿t,各类污染物质70万t,入海污染物大幅度增加,致使渤海几乎成了一个巨大的纳污池;同时由于海洋捕捞强度增加,使得渤海湾渔业资源急剧下降,尤其是享誉海外的对虾资源已形不成虾汛.全面地了解天津沿岸海域经济海洋水产生物资源和生态环境状况是国家和地方都关注的.     

(钅止)锚湾扇贝养殖水域富营养化现状与评价

根据2006-2007年(钅止)锚湾海湾扇贝养殖水域富营养化现状调查资料,分析了该水域表层营养盐类的分布特征并对其富营养化现状进行了评价.调查结果表明,该水域2006年水环境质量好于2007年.2年来均表现为 5、6月水质较好, 8月水质较差,2007年8月水质最差,水体已呈富营养化状态,并开始受到有机物污染.     

中国渔业生态环境状况公报(一)1999-2000

中国渔业生态环境总体状况 一、中国渔业生态环境总体状况良好。部分渔业水域受到营养盐、有机物、石油类和重金属等不同程度的污染，局部水域污染较严重，对渔业造成一定损害。监测结果分析表明，污染面积、污染程度及对渔业的损害有进一步加重的趋势。 二、离陆地较远的海水鱼虾类产卵场、仔稚幼鱼索饵场基本没有受到污染或污染十分轻微，对鱼、虾类的繁殖生长没有造成不良影响。 三、由于陆源污染物排放，我国海域部分近岸、河口及内湾鱼虾类产卵场、仔稚幼鱼索饵场受到无机氮和活性磷酸盐污染，水体呈一定程度的富营养化，赤潮频繁发生…     

中国渔业生态环境状况公报2001(一)

中国渔业生态环境总体状况２００１年度，中国渔业水域生态环境总体状况良好，部分水域受到一定程度的污染，局部水域污染较严重，渔业资源和渔业生产受到一定程度的影响。一、离岸较远的海水鱼虾类产卵场、稚幼鱼索饵场、越冬场及内陆一些重要河流上游等渔业水域水质良好，基本没有受到污染，适合鱼类的繁殖和生长，栖息在这些水域的鱼类品质优良。二、近岸海域、河口及内湾部分渔业水域受到一定程度污染。与２０００年相比，所监测的近岸鱼虾类产卵场和稚幼鱼索饵场中，无机氮、铜和化学需氧量的超标范围有所扩大；海水鱼、虾、贝、藻类养…     

连云港海洲湾海域水质分析

根据2003年5月至2004年10月的实测资料,利用有机污染评价指数对连云港海洲湾附近海域不同时期的水质作了分析。结果表明近年来连云港海域有机污染有所加重,富营养化特征显著。探讨了水体富营养化与港口经济发展、海产养殖及大气沉降的关系,提出了有效的防预措施。     

黄河口牡蛎产卵场及邻近海域水质现状评价

2015年调查了黄河口枯水期(5月)和丰水期(8月)牡蛎产卵场及邻近海域的水质状况,采用单因子标准指数评价法、多参数水质综合评价法、有机污染评价指数法和营养质量状态指数法分析评价该海域水环境质量现状。结果表明:该海域总体为富营养化;无机氮(DIN)和化学需氧量(COD_(Mn))是水质富营养化的主要因子。水质量总体属轻污染,Pb、Hg、Zn、DIN和COD_(Mn)为该海域主要污染因子,Pb、Hg、Zn和DIN为优先控制的污染因子。丰水期水质优于枯水期。     

河南省渔业水域污染事故的调查及处理

渔业水域是指鱼虾贝类的产卵场、索饵场、越冬场、洄游通道和鱼虾贝藻类及其他水生动植物的增养殖区。渔业水域污染事故是指由于单位和个人将某种物质和能量引入渔业水域。损坏渔业水体的使用功能．影响渔业水域内的生物繁殖、生长或造成该生物死亡、数量减少、以及造成该生物有毒有害物质积累、质量下降等，对渔业资源和渔业生产造成损害的事实。     

黄河河南段非漂流性卵鱼类产卵场现状调查

为了掌握黄河河南段鱼类产卵场的分布现状,2013-2015年的每年3-7月,采用卫星GPS定位,实地走访渔民,采集鱼卵和仔稚鱼,捕获并解剖分析繁殖亲鱼,同步进行理化因子测定和环境指标监测。结果表明,黄河河南段鱼类规模产卵场共有30处,主要分布在河边浅滩、河流消落区和河心岛等水生生物资源丰富、适合非漂流性卵鱼类产卵孵化的水域。监测调查270d,采集主要鱼类标本1 156尾,各产卵场的鱼类优势种组成差异明显。产卵经济鱼类有鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、鲶(Silurus asotus)、鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)、泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)、黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)、赤眼鳟(Squaliobarbus curriculus)共计7种。黄河南段主要经济鱼类产卵场的分布位置及范围规模存在明显的地域差异。为保护黄河南段经济鱼类及其产卵场,提出了具体的保护措施。     

西江广东鲂产卵场水质营养盐现状与评价

2003-2006年在西江广东鲂(Megalobrama hoffmanni)主要产卵场-封开青皮塘渔场和郁南罗旁渔场的6个点,进行了4次水质监测,据此分析水域营养现状与污染情况。结果表明,青皮塘和罗旁渔场水域溶解氧充足,化学需氧量较低,受到耗氧有机物的污染较小,无机磷浓度均低于《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)Ⅲ类水质标准;两产卵场无机氮(DIN)含量均较高,近4年单因子指数均大于1,水域DIN浓度均高于《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类水质标准,部份监测点超过Ⅴ类,两产卵场主要受氮污染。采用营养指数法及有机污染指数法进行综合评价,两产卵场的水质均达到了清洁水平。     

西江广东鲂产卵场水质营养盐现状与评价

2003-2006年在西江广东鲂（Megalobrama hoffmanni）主要产卵场-封开青皮塘渔场和郁南罗旁渔场的6个点,进行了4次水质监测,据此分析水域营养现状与污染情况。结果表明,青皮塘和罗旁渔场水域溶解氧充足,化学需氧量较低,受到耗氧有机物的污染较小,无机磷浓度均低于《地表水环境质量标准》（GB 3838-...     

Evaluation of the effect of stock enhancement in the coastal waters of Guangdong,China

A total of 14.573 million fish fry and 96.32 million shrimp larvae were released across 31 locations into the coastal waters off Guangdong, China, in 2010. The released fish and shrimp were sampled through a combination of market and fishing log‐book surveys. The combined fishery production reached 362 868 kg. The input–output ratio was 1:5.99 for released fish (over 3 years) and 1:11.01 for released shrimp (over 2 years). The average increase in income was 721 RMB per capita. Approximately 240 thousand fish (after 3 years) and 1.2 million shrimp (after 2 years) survived to sexual maturity and could contribute to the spawning stock. The stockings were approximately one‐seventh of the fish and one‐half of the shrimp stocking carrying capacities, respectively. Based on these results, the intensity of stocking could be increased. Stocking and recapture strategies should be adjusted to align with the optimal stocking carrying capacity determined from this study.     

Spawning grounds and maturation status in adult flathead flounder Hippoglossoides dubius off Niigata Prefecture, Sea of Japan

Investigations were conducted on the flathead flouder Hippoglossoides dubius to analyze the environmental conditions around the spawning grounds and the maturational status of spawners in the Sea of Japan off Niigata. In both sexes, larger fish matured earlier than smaller individuals, and participated in breeding from the early part of the spawning season. Males were always the predominant sex found within the spawning ground, likely because males spent longer periods in the spawning grounds than females. This finding further suggests that males matured earlier and maintained sexual activity for longer periods than females within the spawning grounds. Submarine topography and water temperature were concluded to be important factors affecting the formation of the spawning grounds. The spawning ground was located within a restricted area where bathymetric lines curve towards a shallow area. Adult fish usually occur in the Japan Sea Proper Water (<1 °C), but spawners gathered just below the surface mixing layer where water temperature was 5–10°C. Hence, it was thought that the flounder spawn at the upper tolerable water temperature limit (i.e. the shallowest accessible depth) to release their offspring into the surface layer.     

Multiple cohorts of juvenile jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus in waters along the Tsushima Warm Current

The jack mackerel, Trachurus japonicus, has a prolonged spawning season and widely spread spawning grounds. The population in the coastal waters of Japan seems to be composed of several cohorts spawned seasonally from different waters. To understand its population structure along the Tsushima Warm Current, we analysed hatchdates and growth histories of fish from Kunda Bay, the southern, central and northern East China Sea (ECS), the southern Sea of Japan, and Maizuru Bay. Seven cohorts were detected from fish collected between June 2005 and June 2006 in Kunda Bay. Comparing hatchdate distributions and growth trajectories of the seven cohorts with those of the other five regional samples, we did not find that cohorts collected in Kunda Bay originated in the southern ECS. Therefore, these coastal waters of Japan appear to be significant spawning grounds for juvenile jack mackerel.     

Seasonal spawning and wind‐regulated retention‐dispersal of early life stage Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in a Newfoundland fjord

Sequential ichthyoplankton surveys were used to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of eggs and larvae over coastal spawning grounds of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in Smith Sound, Trinity Bay, Newfoundland, during the spring and summer of 2006 and 2007. Egg densities showed similar patterns for both years with two peaks in abundance in spring (March–April) and late summer (late July). A clear progression of development stages (1–4) was observed in spring and summer in 2006 and summer in 2007, suggesting retention of eggs within the Sound during these periods. Modelled predictions of vertical egg distributions indicated eggs were broadly distributed near the surface during spring (March–April), but were concentrated below the pycnocline (>10 m) within the inner portions of the Sound during the summer months (July–August). Back‐calculated peaks in spawning based on water temperatures were estimated at 11 and 4 April for 2006 and 2007, respectfully, with late season peaks centred on 21–24 July for both years. Environmental data indicated cooler water temperatures and periods of high wind stress in spring, and warmer, calmer periods late summer, consistent with higher retention and faster development times on the spawning grounds later in the season. We conclude that spring and summer spawning events result in different distributions of early life stages and may lead to different distributions of juvenile and adult fish.     

东海带鱼摄食习性、饵料基础及与渔场的关系

本文对东海主要渔场中带鱼Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus的摄食习性、饵料浮游生物的群落结构及数量分布等进行了阐述和分析，并对其与渔场间的关系进行了探讨。研究结果表明，东海带鱼是一种以磷虾等甲壳动物和小型鱼类等为主食，并兼食头足类、毛颚动物等的杂食性鱼类。研究结果还阐明浮游动物生物量及磷虾等的数量分布同东海带鱼渔场的位置变化和鱼群移动的关系密切，其中冬、春季浙江南部近海渔场；夏、秋季长江口及海礁、舟山等渔场，其关系尤为明显。     

Spawning grounds and reproductive traits of anadromous and resident pond smelt, Hypomesus nipponensis, in Lake Ogawara, Japan

SUMMARY: The objective of this study was to reveal the spawning grounds and reproductive characteristics of anadromous and resident pond smelt, Hypomesus nipponensis , coexisting in Lake Ogawara. Life history styles of females shedding in spawning grounds in the lake and its inflowing rivers were differentiated by otolith increment analysis. Size, dry weight, and water content of mature oocytes and fecundity of fish were compared between resident and anadromous fish. Both anadromous and resident fish spawned in the lake. In contrast, no resident fish were found in any of the inflowing rivers, where only anadromous fish spawned. Regression of fecundity against standard length was discontinuous with an inflection point at 63.8 mm, which is the body size that differentiates large anadromous spawning groups from small resident spawning groups. Mean oocyte diameters were not significantly different between resident and anadromous fish. The eggs of resident fish had significantly more water content and a significantly lower dry weight than those of anadromous fish. These differences might influence the growth and developmental processes of progeny.     

基于《物权法》的中国捕捞权保护制度的探索

《物权法》明确了捕捞权和养殖权的用益物权属性,并规定其受法律保护。但依据我国现有渔业法律制度,实施《物权法》有关保护捕捞权的法律规定还存在一定困难。通过比较分析《物权法》和《渔业法》及相关法规对捕捞权的规定,考察造成捕捞权损害的主要原因,提出了我国捕捞权保护制度的路径选择:(1) 将近岸海洋渔场和内陆水域渔场按县级或县级以下基层行政区域进行划分,确定给所属区域内的传统捕捞渔民专属使用,从而明确捕捞权主体和客体,为建立捕捞权保护制度提供基础。(2) 建立捕捞权损害评估体系,制定捕捞权损害赔偿、补偿标准,规范捕捞权损害赔偿、补偿程序,健全和完善捕捞权损害赔偿、补偿制度。