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1.
日本鳗鲡人工繁殖研究现状及存在问题   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张森  谢仰杰  黄良敏 《水产科学》2011,30(6):362-368
鳗鲡属(Anguilla)鱼类共有19个种和亚种,其中以日本鳗鲡(A.japonica)和欧洲鳗鲡(A.anguilla)的人工养殖最为广泛。鳗鲡主要生长于热带及温带地区水域,除了欧洲鳗鲡及美洲鳗鲡(A.  相似文献   

2.
日本鳗鲡仔鱼摄食机理及其营养策略   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
梁旭方 《水产学报》2002,26(6):556-560
鳗鲡属(Anguilla)鱼类共有19种和亚种,其中以欧洲鳗鲡(A.anguilla)和日本鳗鲡(A.japonica)最为重要。鳗鲡属鱼类发育需经历奇特的柳叶状仔鱼(leptocephaluslarva)阶段,其人工育苗技术是一道世界难题。柳叶状仔鱼现象仅见于真骨鱼类最原始的一个类群海鲢总目Elopomorpha(鳗鲡目Anguilliformes,海鲢目Elopiformes,背棘鱼目Notacanthiformes)。有关柳叶状仔鱼的发育策略,已从形态学、生理学及生物化学等方面进行了不少研究,但柳叶状仔鱼…  相似文献   

3.
管伟  徐兆礼  严太亮 《水产学报》2017,41(4):535-546
为探究福建中部近海鱼类生态类群组成的季节变化,采用非线性多维标度(NMDS)和相似性检验(ANOSIM)方法,依据2009年冬季、2010年春季和夏季于福建中部近海3个航次的海洋综合调查资料,对该海域鱼类的种类组成和生态类群结构进行分析。结果显示,冬季出现鱼类40种,生态类群以暖水种为主,但暖温种比例为3个季节中最高(30%),且暖温种占该季鱼类总质量和总尾数比例分别为17.65%和16.96%。春季出现鱼类39种,生态类群以暖水种为主,分别占该季节鱼类总质量和总尾数的86.48%和94.52%。夏季出现鱼类61种,暖水种占绝对优势(56种),分别占该季鱼类总质量和总尾数的97.17%和99.35%。受浙闽沿岸流和台湾海峡暖流的交替影响,从冬季到夏季物种更替率逐渐升高,暖水种种类数和数量密度不断上升,并伴随着河口种消失、外海种出现。此现象与冷、暖水团交替影响这一海域时,鱼类进行相应的产卵、索饵及越冬洄游等有关。研究表明,福建中部近海鱼类生态类群和种类组成的季节变化可能由水团不断变化所导致。  相似文献   

4.
河口(Estuaries)是指淡水向海水过渡并互相混合的自然环境。河口鱼类区系组成主要是咸淡水种类及部份定居性鱼类。此外,还有诸如中华鲟、鲥鱼等溯河产卵洄游性鱼类,以及日本鳗鲡、花鳗鲡等降河产卵洄游性鱼类。它们都是为繁殖目的暂时经过河口,又称过河  相似文献   

5.
制浆造纸废水对不同鱼类急性毒性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
制浆造纸废水对斑马鱼、日本鳗鲡和黑鲷的急性毒性试验结果显示:制浆造纸废水对斑马鱼、日本鳗鲡和黑鲷的96h-LC50分别为试验浓度的11.328%、15.949%、4.679%。在受试的3种鱼类中,制浆造纸废水对海洋鱼类黑鲷影响最大,对河口洄游性鱼类日本鳗鲡的影响最小,热带鱼类斑马鱼介于两者之间,表明制浆造纸废水对鱼类影响程度随种类的不同而存在较大的差异。  相似文献   

6.
鳗鲡和养鳗     
鳗鲡是世界上分布广、种类多的经济鱼类,现有种类在20种左右,其中产量较多的有6种。即:欧洲鳗鲡Anguilla anguilla(Linne)、美洲鳗鲡A.rostrata (Le Sue)、澳洲鳗鲡A.australis Rich、印非鳗鲡A.mossambica Peters和以我国为主的西北太平洋沿岸所产的鳗鲡A.japonica Temm et Schl.和花鲡A.marmorata Quoy et Gajmard。  相似文献   

7.
正花鳗鲡属鳗鲡目鳗鲡科,是热带、亚热带江海洄游鱼类,1988年被我国列为II级野生保护动物,俗称麻鱼、花鳗、雪鳗等,是我国珍贵的食用鱼,经济价值高,营养丰富,含有多种人体必需氨基酸。研究表明,鳗鲡是含EPA(二十碳五烯酸)和DHA(二十碳六烯酸)最高的鱼类之一,不仅可以降低血脂、抗动脉硬化,还能为大脑补充必要的营养元素,被誉为"水中人参"。近年来,由于过度捕捞及环境破坏等因素,  相似文献   

8.
黄海南部近岸海域鱼类群落结构与区系划分   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
牟秀霞  徐宾铎  薛莹  任一平  张崇良 《水产学报》2017,41(11):1734-1743
黄海南部海域具有复杂的水团结构和海流环境,使该海域鱼类群落产生较为复杂的空间结构。为研究黄海南部近岸海域鱼类群落结构特征,实验根据2014—2015年对该海域进行4个季度的底拖网调查数据,利用多元统计方法分析了该海域鱼类群落的分布格局并比较了各群落的相对生物量、生物多样性、优势种等结构特征。应用聚类分析(cluster)和多维标度排序(MDS)分析将黄海南部近岸海域划分为海州湾群落与江苏近岸群落;海州湾群落的平均相对资源量和生物多样性均高于江苏近岸群落,而暖温性与暖水性鱼类所占比重相对较低;海州湾群落的优势种主要为方氏云鳚、大泷六线鱼和日本鳀等,季节变化显著;江苏近岸群落的优势种为短吻红舌鳎、途、棘头梅童鱼和黑鳃梅童鱼等,季节变化不明显。研究表明,黄海南部近岸海域可划分为海州湾区系与江苏近岸区系,其鱼类群落结构特征具有显著差异。海流、水团、底质类型及水深等环境因子是形成鱼类群落结构差异的主要因素。  相似文献   

9.
1999~2011年东海渔业资源监测调查共采集到273 ind冠丝鳍鱼(Zu cristatus)样本。这是我国首次报道在东海海域采集到该种稀有鱼类。冠丝鳍鱼的主要形态特征为:背鳍6+129;胸鳍11;腹鳍Ⅰ,5;尾鳍9+3;侧线鳞112;鳃耙2+9。体极侧扁,前部高大,肛门后急剧变细,侧线完全。背鳍前部1~6鳍条和腹鳍延长成细丝状。调查结果显示,冠丝鳍鱼仅在夏季出现于东海海域,从南到北均有分布,分布范围为27°00'~32°30'N、122°00'~127°00'E,集中出现于台湾暖流与黑潮暖流之间以及黄海暖流和黑潮暖流的交界水域。冠丝鳍鱼作为暖水性鱼种,主要栖息于热带水域,在东海海域出现主要是受黑潮暖流势力的影响。  相似文献   

10.
鳗鲡种质资源的研究进展   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
鳗鲡是鳗鲡属鱼类的统称,在分类学上隶属于硬骨鱼纲、鳗鲡目、鳗鲡科、鳗鲡属,广泛分布于全球热带、亚热带和温带地区[1-2]。鳗鲡为洄游性鱼类,具有特殊的生活史,一般在淡水中生活、海水中产卵孵化[3]。鳗鲡味道鲜美、营养丰富、肉多刺少、经济价值高,是世界性重要经济鱼类之一  相似文献   

11.
12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

17.
18.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

19.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

20.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

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