原鸡不同组合F_1代肉质性状及营养成分研究

以原鸡滇南亚种(♂)与原鸡(♀)、临沧茶花鸡(♀)、绿耳乌骨鸡(♀)、楚雄麻鸡(♀)不同组合F1代为研究素材,分析比较了其常规肉质性状和基本营养成分。结果表明:原鸡杂交F1代胸、腿肌pH值显著低于原鸡纯种F1代(P<0.05),宰后24h均呈下降趋势,纯种F1代下降最为明显;胸、腿肌系水力、滴水损失率、蒸煮损失率、肌纤维直径(密度)等指标在各组间差异显著(P<0.05)。就营养成分而言,胸、腿肌水分含量及胸肌粗蛋白含量在各组间差异均不显著(P>0.05),腿肌粗蛋白含量在各组间差异显著(P<0.05);胸肌及腿肌的粗脂肪、粗灰分含量也均有显著差异(P<0.05)。总体而言,原鸡(♂)与临沧茶花鸡(♀)肉质特性杂种优势较大,与楚雄麻鸡(♀)杂种优势较小。通过了解原鸡与家鸡杂交后代肉质特性,将对野生原鸡的保种、开发利用和家鸡的杂交改良、选育实践具有实际意义。     

应用荨麻饲喂蛋种鸡的效果研究

本试验通过对海兰褐父母代蛋种鸡日粮中添加荨麻糊浆与否的饲喂对比试验及对所产种蛋进行孵化效果的测定,结果表明:试验组产蛋率比对照组提高5.2%(P<0.05);种蛋受精率提高4.8%(P<0.05);孵化率提高4.4%(P<0.05);试验组比对照组提高饲料报酬12.13%,差异极显著(P<0.01);按出售种蛋和雏鸡经济效益分析比较,试验组比对照组分别提高17.7%和46.8%.,差异均极显著(P<0.01)。     

饲料中添加乌贼骨对鸡产蛋性能及蛋品质的影响

选用315只14周龄健康海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分组,研究日粮中添加不同水平乌贼骨对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。结果表明,日粮中添加乌贼骨显著提高产蛋率、单枚蛋重、日均蛋重和蛋壳厚度(P<0.05),实验组平均分别比对照组高13.0%、5.7g、8.4g和0.05mm;实验组的破蛋率和料蛋比显著低于对照(P<0.05),分别降低31.2%和13.7%;添加乌贼骨对改变蛋壳重、蛋黄重和蛋白重效果不明显。综合分析表明,日粮中添加1.5～2.0g乌贼骨对改善蛋鸡(150只)综合产蛋性能效果最佳。     

三种山鸡产蛋性能分析

目的评价美国新引进品种中华环颈雉(RN)、蒙古雉(MX)和国内饲养七彩山鸡(D)的产蛋性能。方法试验选取了3个品种各30只山鸡,记录和分析了相关的产蛋性能数据。结果 RN开产日龄最早,与MX和D之间差异极显著(P0.01);18周龄体重D最大,达934 g,与RN、MX差异极显著(P0.01);38周龄蛋重和38周龄体重指标,D品种最好,与RN、MX差异极显著(P0.01);40周龄产蛋量RN数量最多,三者之间差异极显著(P0.01)。产蛋性能相关分析表明:40周龄蛋重与蛋黄重、18周龄体重、38周龄蛋重、38周龄体重具有极显著正相关(P0.01);蛋黄重与18周龄体重、38周龄蛋重、38周龄体重具有极显著正相关(P0.01);开产日龄与40周龄产蛋量之间具有极显著负相关(P0.01);18周龄体重与38周龄蛋重、38周龄体重、40周龄产蛋量具有极显著正相关(P0.01);38周龄蛋重与38周龄体重具有极显著正相关(P0.01)。结论 RN群体在开产日龄和40周龄产蛋量方面具有一定优势,可将RN作为母系重点培育。     

饲粮中不同铜水平对产蛋鸡的生产性能及蛋品质的影响

选择五水硫酸铜作为饲料添加的铜源,以产蛋鸡(高峰期)作为试验动物,研究日粮中添加60mg/kg的铜对产蛋高峰期的海兰褐壳蛋鸡的生产性能、蛋品质的影响。试验选取40周龄的海兰褐壳蛋鸡104只,设两个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复13只鸡。2个处理组分别为对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组饲喂基础日粮+硫酸铜52mg/kg,试验结果表明(1)与对照组相比,处理组能够提高产蛋鸡的各个生产性能指标,日产蛋重、产蛋率、料蛋比、日采食量均有上升趋势(P>0.05);(2)与对照组相比,处理组的蛋形指数差异不显著(P>0.05),蛋壳的厚度有变厚趋势(P>0.05),蛋白、蛋黄重以及蛋白蛋黄的比值差异不显著(P>0.05),破软蛋率有下降的趋势(P>0.05)。     

配合饲料替代杂鱼对中华绒螯蟹生长发育、体成分及脂肪酸组成的影响

通过分别投喂配合饲料和天然杂鱼,研究配合饲料替代杂鱼对中华绒螯蟹生长发育、体成分及脂肪酸组成的影响。试验池塘设在上海市崇明县水产技术推广站特色水产养殖基地,每种饵料设3个平行。试验时间为2010年4月至11月,养殖结束后统计各试验组的存活率、体质量、产量,并随机取样测定各试验组雌雄蟹的肝胰腺指数、性腺指数、出肉率,同时测定肝胰腺、性腺和肌肉中水分、总脂、粗蛋白含量及脂肪酸组成。结果显示,杂鱼组和配合饲料组蟹的存活率、体质量、肝胰腺指数、性腺指数、出肉率等指标均无显著差异(P>0.05);杂鱼组雌雄蟹肝胰腺及雄蟹肌肉中水分含量极显著高于配合饲料组(P<0.01);杂鱼组雌雄蟹肝胰腺、性腺及雌蟹肌肉中总脂含量均显著低于配合饲料组(P<0.05);杂鱼组雌雄蟹肝胰腺中粗蛋白含量均显著高于配合饲料组(P<0.05),但杂鱼组雌蟹卵巢中粗蛋白含量极显著低于配合饲料组(P<0.01)。配合饲料组雌蟹肝胰腺游离脂肪酸含量显著高于杂鱼组(P<0.05),磷脂含量杂鱼组显著高于配合饲料组(P<0.05);配合饲料组雌蟹卵巢和肌肉甘油三酯含量均显著高于杂鱼组(P<0.05或P<0.01),游离脂肪酸和磷脂含量则杂鱼组显著高于配合饲料组(P<0.05或P<0.01);雌蟹肌肉中胆固醇含量配合饲料组极显著高于杂鱼组(P<0.01)。两组饵料雄蟹肝胰腺各脂类组成无显著差异;精巢中甘油三酯及游离脂肪酸含量为杂鱼组显著高于配合饲料组(P<0.01),磷脂含量为杂鱼组显著低于配合饲料组(P<0.05);雄蟹肌肉胆固醇含量配合饲料组显著低于杂鱼组(P<0.05)。杂鱼组雄蟹肝胰腺和肌肉中LOA含量极显著或显著低于配合饲料组(P<0.01或P<0.05),而杂鱼组雄蟹肌肉中ARA含量显著高于配合饲料组(P<0.05);杂鱼组雌蟹卵巢中LNA、ARA和DHA的含量极显著或显著低于配合饲料组(P<0.01或P<0.05)。研究结果表明,适宜的配合饲料替代杂鱼全程养殖中华绒螯蟹成蟹对其生长发育无显著负面影响,而对其体成分组成及脂肪酸组成有一定影响。     

凉山黑羽乌骨鸡产肉性能测定

凉山黑羽乌骨鸡是凉山特有的原始珍贵鸡种。出产于金沙江流域中、低山干热河谷地区，尤以宁南、会东等县居多。这次测定表明：凉山黑羽乌骨鸡的胸腿肌率，公鸡为５２．２１％、母鸡为５３．８８％，与中国黑凤鸡母鸡５２．６２％、黑羽乌骨鸡（新疆）母鸡５０．９５％相比较，差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）；而与四川山地乌骨鸡（阉鸡）公鸡４２．９２％、贵州乌蒙黄羽乌骨鸡公鸡４０．３０％、母鸡３９．７２％相比，差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），是一个具有较好产肉性能的地方乌骨鸡品种。     

中草药添加剂银翘散和止泻散在养猪业中的应用研究

选择生产性能与胎次接近的临产母猪60头,随机分为2组,选择出生日期、断奶重、体型相近的断奶仔猪60头,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组30头。哺乳母猪在产前7d和产后8d、保育仔猪在断奶换料后30d、添加0.1%的银翘散和0.1%的止泻散,育成猪在转栏后30d,添加0.1%的银翘散,进行饲喂效果比较。结果表明,试验给与对照组21日龄断奶窝重差异极显著(P<0.01);窝日增重差异极显著(P<0.01);断奶个体重每头提高280g,差异极显著(P<0.01);平均断奶窝头数差异极显著(P<0.01);平均保育日增重每头提高14g差异显著(P<0.05);保育肉料比试验组为1∶1.51,比对照组减少0.08;育成结束重(81日龄个体重)差异极显著(P<0.01);平均育成日增重每头提高9g差异显著(P<0.05);育成肉料比试验组为1∶1.71,比对照组减少0.12。试验组的猪瘟、高致病性蓝耳病、伪狂犬、口蹄疫的免疫抗体合格率高于对照组;同时减少了哺乳期、保育期的发病率(P<0.05),降低了哺乳期的死亡率(P<0.01);节约了药费哺乳期每头2.33元(P<0.01),保育期2.27元(P<0.05),育成期2.12元。     

不同中药组方对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的作用

目的 研究2种中药组方对蛋鸡的生产性能、蛋品质的影响。方法 选取420只300日龄白来航鸡，随机分为7组，每组3个重复，每个重复20只鸡。实验1组为空白对照组，只饲喂基础日粮；实验2组、3组、4组在基础日粮中分别添加0.2%、0.5%、1.0%的组方1药物；实验5组、6组、7组分别添加0.2%、0.5%、1.0%的组方2药物，饲喂28d。结果 与对照组相比，各实验组的产蛋率、平均蛋重和平均日采食量均显著增加(P<0.05),实验4组料蛋比显著下降(P<0.05);实验组的蛋白高度、蛋黄比均显著增加(P<0.05),蛋壳厚度变化不明显。结论 饲料中添加中药组方1和组方2对蛋鸡的生产性能、蛋品质有提升作用，最适浓度为1.0%。     

高剂量钼对鸡免疫指标的作用

通过对鸡饲喂含钼饲料(钼含量:500mg/kg),研究高剂量对其免疫器官重量、生长指数、组织学变化及外周血T淋巴细胞的ANAE阳性率的影响。结果表明:试验组鸡脾脏充血、出血、萎缩;法氏囊肿胀、萎缩。3周后免疫器官的重量、生长指数、外周血T淋巴细胞的ANAE阳性率低于对照组,5周后差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)。说明500mg/kg饲料的钼可以抑制鸡免疫器官的生长发育及外周血T淋巴细胞的活化,造成免疫器官的病理损伤,导致免疫功能下降。     

原鸡与茶花鸡杂交F_1代体尺性状与体重相关性分析

以原鸡(Gallus Gallus)与茶花鸡杂交F1代为试验对象,采用通径分析方法研究了第四到第十周龄体尺性状与体重间的相关关系。结果表明:各体尺性状与体重存在一定的相关性,相关密切程度存在周龄间差异。第四、六周龄时,体斜长与体重相关性最大、胸骨长其次、胫长次之,胸深和髋宽最小;第八、十周龄时,胸骨长与体重相关性最大、胫长其次、体斜长次之。生长前期体斜长、胫长对体重直接作用较大,后期胸骨长作用最大。对体重决定程度各周龄按大小依次排列为:第四、六周龄时体斜长、体斜长与髋宽及体斜长与胫长的共同作用等,第八周龄时体斜长、胫长等,第十周龄时主要为胸骨长、其它性状决定系数均偏小。由此,生长发育前期应加强对体斜长和胫长的选择力度,后期则应加强对胸骨长的选择力度。研究结果将对野生原鸡的开发利用和家鸡的杂交改良、选育实践具有实际意义。     

地塞米松对ND免疫鸡主要免疫器官及抗体滴度的影响

将75只1日龄非免疫健康罗曼蛋鸡随机均分为地塞米松高剂量组(12.5mg/mL)、低剂量组(6.25mg/mL)和阴性对照组,同时进行了鸡新城疫免疫接种;分别于免疫后7、14、21、28、35d随机取5只心脏采血后分离血清,检测鸡新城疫HI抗体效价,同时摘取脾脏、胸腺和法氏囊并称重,计算免疫器官指数。结果表明,试验组的ND抗体效价与免疫器官指数显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而且高剂量组低于低剂量组。     

Induced Ovulation and Spawning in the Catfish,Clarias isheriensis,Using Pituitary Extracts from Non-piscine Sources

Acetone-dried pituitary extracts obtained from non-piscine sources- the common toad, Bufo regularis; the African bullfrog, Rana adspersa; and chicken, Gallus domesticus, were evaluated as alternative inducement agents to piscine-sourced pituitary extracts to spawn Clarias isheriensis. A single dose of 4 mg of dry pituitary extract per kilogram of female was injected intraperitoneally, and it induced ovulation and spawning in all treatments; there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in percent fertilization of eggs. All pituitary extracts were effective in inducing ovulation and spawning in C. isheriensis and, therefore, can be used as alternative sources of pituitary hormones.     

Out-of-season spawning of cultured pikeperch [Sander lucioperca (L.)]

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of out‐of‐season spawning of cultivated pikeperch (fish that were reared from the larval stage in re‐circulating systems and fed commercial feed exclusively) stimulated hormonally with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The impact of fish age (2+ and 3+) and hormone dosage [200 or 400 IU hCG kg⁻¹ body weight (BW)] on spawning was analysed and expressed as the share of stripped females, commercial fecundity (% BW) and survival of embryos until the eyed‐egg stage (EES index). The possibility of utilizing changes in female pikeperch body weight (CBW index) that are observed following hormone injections as an additional indicator for determining maturity was also investigated. The age and hormone dosage were not noted to have a significant impact on the number of stripped females (≥80% on all groups), the latency period (90–100 h), commercial fecundity (11.3–13.3% BW) or the values of the EES index (61–73%; P>0.05). The mean value of EES from the 3+ age group females was higher than that in the 2+ females, and the interaction between the tested factors (fish age and hormone dosage) wasstatistically significant (P<0.05). In the fish from the control group (injected with a 0.9% NaCl solution), no progress was noted in the maturation of oocytes and no eggs were obtained from any female. It was noted that these females lost BW over the course of the subsequent 24 h of the measurements (P<0.05). In the groups of females that were stimulated hormonally, the opposite phenomenon was observed; in these groups, the CBW index increased significantly between 48 and 96 h following hormone injection. The value of the CBW index was not noted to have been statistically significantly determined by either hormone dose or fish age (P>0.05). The regression equations that described the dependence between CBW and the oocyte maturity stage were highly significant statistically, and the determination coefficient R² assumed a value of 0.76. The most significant increase in BW was related to the oocytes achieving maturity stage III. The BW of pikeperch females with oocytes in this stage was 103% higher than the initial BW. This might be a valuable and useful tool for determining maturity in females of this fish species.     

丝羽乌骨鸡快大型新品系早期生长发育规律及肉用性能的研究

本试验对丝羽乌骨鸡快大型新品系的早期生长发育规律及肉用性能进行了系统的研究。利用Logistic模型确定了快大型新品系丝羽乌骨鸡的生长模型,并以此制定了标准生长曲线。研究结果表明,其生长拐点为:10.5周龄;在14周龄时体重约1.0kg,公、母鸡屠宰率分别达到85.88%、84.12%;胸肌率分别达到17.78%、17.28%;腿肌率分别达到24.38%、22.54%。在14周龄时,为较适合的上市日龄。     

Effect of different avian egg yolk types on fertilization ability of cryopreserved common carp (Cyprinus carpio) spermatozoa

In spite of the fact that egg yolk from different avian species has successfully been used as an additive for the cryopreservation of sperm in mammalian species, its efficacy for cryopreserving fish sperm has not previously been tested comparatively. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the effect of egg yolks from different avian species, namely domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) and quail (Coturnix coturnix), on post-thaw motility and fertilization ability of cryopreserved common carp spermatozoa. Egg yolks from chicken, turkey and quail were analysed for moisture, total fat, protein, cholesterol and phospholipid profile. Total fat and cholesterol contents of the turkey egg yolk were higher than chicken and quail egg yolks (p < 0.05). Semen was frozen according to conventional slow freezing procedure. The extender contained 350 mM glucose, 30 mM Tris and 5 % glycerol supplemented with different ratios of avian egg yolk (10, 15 and 20 %). Semen was equilibrated at 4 °C for 15 min and placed into 0.25-ml straws and frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour (for 10 min at ?120 °C) and finally stored in liquid nitrogen (?196 °C) tank. The frozen spermatozoa were thawed in a water bath at 35 °C for 30 s. Fertilization was conducted using a ratio of 1 × 10⁵ spermatozoa/egg. Cryopreservation experiments resulted in higher post-thaw motility and fertilization rates. Mean post-thaw motility of cryopreserved spermatozoa was between 45 and 80 %, and fertilization rates, expressed as the percentage of eyed embryos, ranged from 70 to 95 %. In conclusion, the present study showed that turkey and quail egg yolks are suitable alternatives to the chicken egg yolk for the cryopreservation of common carp spermatozoa.     

不同脂肪源对罗氏沼虾生长及体组织常见组分的影响

用5种不同脂肪源组合的饲料(Ⅰ.鱼油0.5%+豆油2.5%;Ⅱ.鱼油0.5%+菜籽油2.5%;Ⅲ.鱼油0.5%+花生油2.5%;Ⅳ.鱼油0.5%+亚麻油2.5%;Ⅴ.豆油1.5%+亚麻油1.5%)投喂体重为(2.22±0.04)g的罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)40 d,研究不同脂肪源对其生长及全虾和肌肉中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量的影响。结果显示:在生长方面,第Ⅴ组的罗氏沼虾增重显著高于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组增重也显著大于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。在体成分方面,Ⅰ组全虾总水分含量最低,显著低于Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组(P<0.05),其他各组间无显著差异(P>0.05);Ⅴ组全虾粗脂肪含量最高,显著高于其他各试验组(P<0.05);Ⅲ组全虾粗蛋白含量显著低于Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组及Ⅴ组(P<0.05);Ⅳ组肌肉总水分含量显著高于其他各组;肌肉粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量各试验组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

饲料牛磺酸对尼罗罗非鱼生长、体成分及组织游离氨基酸含量的影响

本文探讨了饲料牛磺酸水平对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、体成分及游离氨基酸含量的影响。选用体重为5.89±0.03g的罗非鱼300尾,随机分为5个处理组,每个处理3个重复,每个重复20尾。在基础饲料中分别添加0、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6%的牛磺酸,配制成5种试验料,分别饲喂不同处理组的罗非鱼,饲养周期为56d。结果表明： 0.8%牛磺酸组罗非鱼增重率最高,且显著高于0%和1.6%组(P<0.05);饲料牛磺酸水平(0.4%-1.2%)显著提高了罗非鱼摄食率、肝脏指数和内脏指数,显著降低了饲料系数(P<0.05)。随着饲料牛磺酸水平的提高,鱼体粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量随之升高,鱼体水分和粗灰分含量随之降低(P<0.05);以增重率为指标,通过二次曲线回归分析得出罗非鱼饲料牛磺酸最适需要量为0.75%。罗非鱼血清、肝脏、肌肉和全鱼中牛磺酸含量与饲料牛磺酸含量存在正相关关系,且牛磺酸添加组血清、肝脏、肌肉和全鱼牛磺酸含量显著高于对照组相(P<0.05)。罗非鱼肝脏和肌肉中游离氨基酸含量随饲料牛磺酸含量的增加均呈逐渐下降的趋势,且牛磺酸添加组肝脏和肌肉中游离氨基酸含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。     

饲料脂肪水平对许氏平鲉脂肪沉积、血液生化指标及脂肪代谢酶活性的影响

以鱼油为脂肪源,分别配制脂肪水平为3.7%、6.8%、9.6%、13.1%、15.6%的5种实验饲料,对平均初始体质量为(7.13±0.03)g的许氏平鲉进行为期60 d的饲养实验,探讨饲料脂肪水平对许氏平鲉形体指数、脂肪沉积、血液生化指标与脂肪代谢酶活性的影响。结果表明:肝体指数、脏体指数随着饲料脂肪水平的升高显著提高(P0.05),脂肪水平对肥满度没有显著影响(P0.05);许氏平鲉鱼体脂肪沉积随饲料脂肪水平的增加显著提高(P0.05),15.6%全鱼、肌肉、肝脏脂肪含量最高,显著高于3.7%、6.8%组(P0.05)。随着脂肪添加量的增加,许氏平鲉肝脏葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PDH)和苹果酸脱氢酶(MHD)活性显著降低(P0.05),15.6%与13.1%组G6PDH、MHD活性显著低于3.7%和6.8%组(P0.05);肝酯酶(HL)和脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)活性显著升高(P0.05),15.6%与13.1%组HL和LPL活性显著高于3.7%和6.8%组(P0.05)。血液甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(CHO)含量随着饲料脂肪水平增加有下降的趋势,15.6%组的TG和CHO含量显著低于3.7%和6.8%组(P0.05);血液中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)与碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性呈上升趋势(P0.05),15.6%组最高;低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)呈先上升后下降的趋势(P0.05)。研究表明,饲料脂肪水平对许氏平鲉形体指数、脂肪沉积、血液生化指标及脂肪代谢酶活性影响显著,但过高的脂肪水平将使许氏平鲉肝脏脂肪沉积增多,当饲料脂肪水平高于9.6%时不利于鱼类健康生长。