逆境养虾，酵素菌技术显奇功

粗养塘案例 今夏长时间的降雨，让我省许多地方养虾环境恶化，虾农遭受巨大损失。阳西县儒洞镇养虾户陈丽如和广州市南沙区万顷沙镇养虾户谭大根采取酵素菌技术．大面积养殖草虾获得成功，值得借鉴。     

辽宁省郭德任局长谈一九九五年全省养虾工作思路

辽宁省水产局局长郭德任同志于1994年12月在辽阳召开的全省对虾养殖形势分析会上,就1995年对虾养殖工作发表讲话,提出指导性意见。 他说,总的指导思想是:坚持以科技为先导,以经济效益为中心;以粗养、混养为主体,调整养殖模式,集中力量抓好典型;以预防为主,全面落实两个“技术规范”,走综合防治虾病的路子,力争1995年全省养虾形势有明显好转,为重振养虾业奠定基础。 (一) 用辩证的科学的观点看待当前养虾生产形势,抓住机遇,坚定信心,知难而     

关于影响养虾成活率的几个因素

随着沿海人工养殖对虾热湖的不断高涨,人们的注意力已不再是“人工能不能养虾,养虾能不能赚钱”,而是把注意力逐渐集中到“如何提高养虾成活率”“怎样增产增收”,提高经济效益上来。滦南县自一九七九年发展养虾以来,由大面积鱼虾管养到大面积对虾粗养,不断走上了大面积精养高产的道路,一九八五年成为养虾千吨县,一     

对虾塘养水浅述

养虾首先要养水,无论是虾苗中间培育(又称暂养或标粗),还是成虾养殖,都切忌清水放苗。而在养殖期内,水质之优劣更是养虾成败的关键。虾塘养水成功有以下好处:①藻类的光合作用可增加水中溶氧;②重金属离子等有毒物,可被藻类、微生物及有机颗粒等吸附沉淀而降毒;③藻类和微生物可促进排     

在对虾养殖中应用生石灰防治虾病净化水质的效果检验报告

前言近年来,随着近海水域环境污染的不断加重及对虾养殖由粗养逐步向半精养、精养发展,虾池水质污染越来越重,各种虾病相继而起。目前,养殖池水的净化及虾病的防治成为养虾业最关心的问题。一般普遍采用抗菌素、各种生物     

泰国沿海对虾养殖的环境管理(一)

本栏将从本期开始连载《泰国沿海对虾养殖的环境管理》一文,希望能对今年对虾养殖业有所帮助。 目前,泰国约有51％的虾场采用精养方式,21％的虾场为半精养,28％的为粗养虾池。泰国对虾养殖面积的扩大以及采用精养方式对泰国社会和经济的发展起到了积极的促进作用。但是,养虾的发展也对自然环境产生负效应。该研究课题主要目的是(1)了解对虾养殖现状,评价虾业对环境的影响;(2)回顾现有的有关养虾对环境影响的政策和法规;(3)建议减少环境污染的措施;(4)对     

1990年世界各地虾类养殖概况

1990年世界养虾总产量估计达63.3万吨,创历史最高记录,较1989年增长12%;养殖虾类的产值已达数十亿美元,仅中国、印尼、泰国和厄瓜多尔的对虾养殖产值已达3～6亿美元。目前,世界虾类总上市量为260万吨,其中养殖虾占25%.按目前的发展速度计算,到2000年世界市场所需的300万吨虾类中,养殖虾可占到50%。从事养虾的国家和地区达40余个,养殖面积超过100万公顷。东半球养虾业较发达,有养虾场16565个,养殖水面共计89.35万公顷,育苗场3300个,带头虾产量达53.5万吨,占世界养虾总产量的84.5%,主要集中在中国和东南亚;西半球有养虾场1800个,养殖水面12.945万公顷,育苗场133个,     

凡纳滨对虾幼虾低盐度粗养水体养殖容量的研究

试验设计6个凡纳滨对虾幼虾养殖密度:10、20、30、40、50、60 ind/m2,通过比较60 d养殖周期内的水环境因子、幼虾生长状况与消化酶活性,分析研究凡纳滨对虾幼虾低盐度粗养水体的养殖容量。结果表明:各试验组水质均符合凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长要求,单位水体载虾量主要影响pH、非离子氨氮(NH3-Nm)、溶解氧(DO)等水化指标;不同试验组水体pH、NH3-Nm含量、DO含量、总氮(TN)含量差异极显著(P0.01),浊度、总磷(TP)含量差异显著(P0.05);不同试验组对虾中肠腺蛋白酶活性差异显著(P0.05),表现出单位水体载虾量越高,对虾体内蛋白消化酶活性和氮利用率越低的规律,DO是低盐度粗养水体养殖容量的主要限制因子。综合各项评价指标,得到本试验条件下,凡纳滨对虾幼虾低盐度粗养水体的最佳养殖容量为46.0 g/m3或32.2 g/m2(322 kg/hm2)。     

广东沿海养殖对虾病因探讨

<正> 广东养虾业在1986年全省沿海水产工作会议后发展较快,后来经过1989～1990年调整养殖面积和品种结构后,全省精粗养面积稳定在15万亩左右。随着养虾业的快速发展,高密度、集约化以及多茬养殖方式的采用,令不少养殖水域承受着超负荷的压力,     

两茬日本对虾同步养殖方法

近年来由于虾病等原因，中国对虾养殖业走人低谷，日本对虾做为恢复养虾业替代品种发展势头良好，已成为北方地区主要养虾品种之一。由于养殖日本对虾绝大部分是在原有的中国对虾养殖地养殖．因此，养殖地老化、水质环境等因素制约着日本对虾养殖方式及产量。一般北方地区养殖日本对虾多来用半精养、粗养模式，经济效益不甚理想。笔者认为，利用现有的养殖条件寻求较好的养殖模式，提高产量及经济效益是养殖日本对虾稳步发展的关键问题。同步两茬养殖日本对虾是在几年养殖实践中探索出的提高养殖效益的养殖模式之一．现将主要方法综述如下．…     

Comparison of Three Culture Methods for the Intensive Culture of Northern Quahog Seed, Mercenaria mercenaria

A number of approaches have been utilized for growing bivalve hatchery seed (1 mm) to a size suitable for field planting (< 8 mm) but few have been directly compared. This study evaluated the growth and survival of northern quahog seed in three different culture systems and two different stocking densities. The three systems were: 1) a stacked-tray unit with downward water flow; 2) traditional upweller culture units with water flowing upward without seed bed expansion; and 3) upweller culture units with water flowing upward at fluidization velocities to provide seed bed expansion. The two stocking densities were 1.0 and 3.0 g whole wet weight clam/cm² respectively. During each trial period the seed clams were fed a 1% daily ration (% dry weight algae per wet weight clam per day) of the cultured diatom Chaetoceros muelleri . After 14 d of culture at the 1.0 g whole wet weight/cm² stocking density, seed clams (4.4 ± 0.6 mm initial shell length) under fluidized-flow condition exhibited better growth (0.54/d), and a greater final shell length (5.9 ± 1.0 mm). At the high density stocking conditions, after 28 d of culture, seed clams (4.2 ± 0.6 mm initial shell length) in the fluidized-flow culture conditions again exhibited better growth rate (0.031/d) and a greater final shell length (6.0 ± 1.0 mm). The preliminary evaluation of fluidized-flow for seed clam culture in land-based nurseries indicates its potential as a suitable alternative to raceway, downwelling, or traditional forced-flow culture methods.     

对虾养殖若干计算程序的研究

经多年潜心研究并汇集了对虾养殖中常用的２０多个计算式,并编好计算程序输入“对虾养殖计算器”,由原来记忆困难,操作麻烦变为计算器记忆,操作简单,可准确快速地解决养虾生产中常遇到的各种计算问题,成倍地提高工作效率。     

海水网箱养殖中的排污收费问题研究

网箱养殖是近年来海水养殖业发展的主流趋势，在其带来巨大经济效益的同时，也对周边生态环境造成巨大的威胁和破坏。文章通过探析其经济学原因，提出通过排污收费的手段来解决高密度海水网箱养殖带来的环境问题，并建立确定排污税率标准的模型，以部分黄渤海地区的数据进行实证计算，得出各地区的排污税率以供参考。     

养殖池排污水循环处理技术的研究

养殖排污水循环处理系统由轮虫净化池、沉淀净化池、反冲式物理过滤装置和生物净化池组成。物理过滤系统主要是通过水流的反冲式流动,使大量的污物停留在系统的下层,利于从系统中排除;化学处理主要是通过低值、高效的化学絮凝剂;生物净化主要是通过细菌、微藻和轮虫等生物群落综合处理来实现。经净化的养殖污水可进入虾池循环使用或排放外海。     

试论渔文化、鱼文化与休闲渔业

我国渔文化历史悠久。渔文化与鱼文化既有联系，又有区别，两者存在交叉关系。随着经济、社会的快速发展，渔文化与休闲渔业的互动日益频繁。渔文化为休闲渔业的发展提供了基本内容，休闲渔业为渔文化的繁荣创造了空间。休闲渔业是人们对休闲的需求与渔业相结合的产物。为不断提升休闲渔业发展水平，促进渔文化与渔业的良性互动，休闲渔业应积极融入海洋经济发展战略、加强品牌建设与推广、拓展发展空间、处理好个性与共性的关系。     

福建罗源湾贝类的养殖容量

以海洋生态系统营养动力学为理论依据,通过现场对位于南海南部的罗源湾叶绿素a、初级生产力、生态效率、浮游植物有机碳含量、养殖贝类有机碳含量及其含壳重与鲜组织重比值、养殖贝类和野生滤食性动物滤水率、潮间带和潮下带及吊养区附着滤食性动物现存量等的调查和检测。应用营养动态模型、沿岸能流模型估算贝类生态容量,进而扣除野生滤食性动物现存量以估算贝类养殖容量,同时采用已报道模型估算贝类养殖容量,并用统计分析法估算贝类及其各品种的适养面积。3种模型估算的罗源湾贝类养殖容量分别为104064t,127321t,113675t。贝类适养总面积为2622hm2,其中缢蛏450hm2、牡蛎2000hm2、贻贝125hm2、菲律宾蛤仔20hm2、泥蚶27hm2。罗源湾1999年已经超容量养殖,必须调整养殖面积和数量,优化养殖种类结构,实现生态养殖,达到贝类养殖持续健康、高质、高效发展。     

淡水黑鲷的生物学特性与养殖技术

自澳大利亚引进淡水黑鲷10000尾。进行试养。报道了淡水黑鲷的各方面生物学特性。以及其人工繁殖、苗种培育、越冬保种、成鱼养殖、疾病防治等成套技术。     

Development of California Halibut,Paralichthys californicus,Culture

Abstract

In contrast to freshwater aquaculture and the culture of anadromous species such as salmon, marine fish culture is in its infancy. The small larval size of many marine species presents significant challenges to culture, however, these highly valuable fish offer considerable promise for aquaculture. A particularly attractive group for marine aquaculture is the flatfish. The California halibut, Paralichthys californicus, with a range in nature from Washington State south to Baja California Sur, Mexico is one such species.

With the goal of enhancing the fishery for this species, a hatchery program was developed over a decade ago. The hatchery at Redondo Beach, California, maintains a group of adults that routinely spawn throughout most of each year. Further development of routine culture and juvenile growout techniques ultimately aimed at commercial aquaculture was initiated last year with support from the California Sea Grant College Program.

Profitable commercial ventures culturing various flatfish species already exist in other parts of the world, but development of a flatfish culture industry in California confronts unique challenges. Two challenges in particular are the relatively high cost of energy and stringent environmental regulations. To meet these challenges, a culture system built around recirculation technology is being developed that would allow for an energy-efficient industrial-like approach to the culture of California halibut while minimizing environmental impacts.     

一株海洋红酵母的鉴定及其培养基的优化

通过菌落形态、培养特征和生理生化特征的测定,初步确定海洋红酵母HN-3为红酵母属的胶红酵母。比较不同的碳源、氮源、酵母膏质量分数和海水盐度对该酵母生长的影响,优化其培养基。试验结果表明,最佳培养基为2%葡萄糖、1.5%蛋白胨、1%酵母膏,盐度30。在该培养条件下,酵母菌HN-3的产菌量达到4.80×107cfu/mL,比初始发酵条件下的产菌量(4.20×107cfu/mL)提高了14.3%。     

Bacterial Degradation of Microencapsulated Foods Used in Larval Culture

Microencapsulated foods are widely used in the culture of larval fish, bivalves and crustaceans. The resistance to bacterial decay of two of these diets was investigated under microbial conditions similar to those found in hatchery cultures of larval penaeid prawndshrimps. A 2–3-fold increase in total ammonia concentration and a 7–14-fold increase in total bacterial numbers were detected within 48h when microcapsules were added to larval culture water at a density recommended by the manufacturer for one day of supplementary feeding. Increased dissolved total ammonia and bacterial populations were detected within 1.5h of addition of food to penaeid larval culture water. Scenning electron microscopy indicated that microcapsules were colonized by numerous bacterial cells within 1h. Physical disintegration of microcapsules occurred after 6 to 12h. Only in sterilized penaeid larval culture water did microcapsules remain intact for a significant period. These findings are discussed in relation to development of improved methods of larval culture.